系列双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究
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摘要
双子表面活性剂是一类新型表面活性剂,具有新颖的结构和独特的性能,因而极具研究和开发价值。本文通过对双子表面活性剂的研究现状和实际应用情况进行分析,优选了环境友好型合成路线,并合成出季铵盐双子阳离子表面活性剂和两性离子型双子表面活性剂。
本实验以支链十二醇、直链十二醇、直链十四醇、直链十六醇为原料,在四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂条件下,分别与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成出带有氯取代基的中间体。中间体与四甲基乙二胺反应制得四种季铵盐型双子阳离子表面活性剂,再通过磺化反应、中和反应得到四种两性离子型双子表面活性剂。通过重结晶、干燥等手段提纯后,用红外分析手段对合成产物的结构进行了表征。
用滴体积法测定了在25℃下,两种系列不同浓度的八种双子表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力,并得到了临界胶束浓度(cmc)、饱和吸附量(Γ_(max))、单分子饱和吸附面积(A_(min))等参数;测定了季铵盐型双子表面活性剂的杀菌率、四种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂和四种两性双子表面活性剂的乳化性能。
实验结果表明,这八种双子表面活性剂都具有较高的表面活性和良好的乳化性能。两系列双子表面活性剂中均属以直链十四醇为原料合成的表面活性剂降低水的表面张力更强一些;质量浓度为0.1%的系列季铵盐型双子阳离子表面活性剂和系列两性双子表面活性剂均具有很好的乳化性能,同时支链双子表面活性剂的乳化性能均比同碳数的直链双子表面活性剂的乳化性能好。
Gemini surfactants are a new class of surfactant for their novel structure and unique properties, and thus it is significantly important to study and develop the Gemini surfactants. In this paper, the environment-friendly synthesis process of the Gemini surfactants was optimized based on the current study and application of surfactant and the Gemini quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants and the zwitterionic Gemini surfactants were synthesized.
The intermediate products containing chlorine substituent was synthesized using TBAB as phase transfer catalyst, docecyl branched alchohol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecyl alcohol and n-hexadecanol as raw materials which separately reacted with epichlorohydrin. Moreover, four quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants were synthesized through the reaction of intermediate product and tetramethylethylenediamine. The intermediate products were sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid and neutralized by NaOH solution in order, and the four zwitterionic gemini surfactants were obtained. They were recrystallized and dried at vacuum, at last, they were analyzed by IR.
Surface tensions of the two series surfactant solution were measured by drop volume method at 25℃under eight different concentrations, and the critical micelle concentration (cmc), excess adsorption amount (Γ_(max)), single molecule adsorption area (A_(min)) were obtained from these data; meanwhile, the sterilization rate and the emulsifying properties of the surfactants were determined.
The results showed that all the eight Gemini surfactants had high surface activity and good emulsifying properties. In the two class surfactants, the surfactants using n-tetradecyl alcohol as raw materials have lower surface tension compared with other surfactants, in addition, both the Gemini quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants and zwitterionic Gemini surfactants (0.1wt%) have good emulsifying properties, while the emulsifying properties of the branched surfactants were better than that the surfactants with the same number of carbon straight chain. sterilization rate of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants and emulsifying properties of four quaternary ammonium surfactant and four gender surfactant were determined. The results showed that the eight gemini surfactants have higher surface activity and good emulsifying properties respectively.
本实验以支链十二醇、直链十二醇、直链十四醇、直链十六醇为原料,在四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂条件下,分别与环氧氯丙烷反应,合成出带有氯取代基的中间体。中间体与四甲基乙二胺反应制得四种季铵盐型双子阳离子表面活性剂,再通过磺化反应、中和反应得到四种两性离子型双子表面活性剂。通过重结晶、干燥等手段提纯后,用红外分析手段对合成产物的结构进行了表征。
用滴体积法测定了在25℃下,两种系列不同浓度的八种双子表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力,并得到了临界胶束浓度(cmc)、饱和吸附量(Γ_(max))、单分子饱和吸附面积(A_(min))等参数;测定了季铵盐型双子表面活性剂的杀菌率、四种季铵盐型双子表面活性剂和四种两性双子表面活性剂的乳化性能。
实验结果表明,这八种双子表面活性剂都具有较高的表面活性和良好的乳化性能。两系列双子表面活性剂中均属以直链十四醇为原料合成的表面活性剂降低水的表面张力更强一些;质量浓度为0.1%的系列季铵盐型双子阳离子表面活性剂和系列两性双子表面活性剂均具有很好的乳化性能,同时支链双子表面活性剂的乳化性能均比同碳数的直链双子表面活性剂的乳化性能好。
Gemini surfactants are a new class of surfactant for their novel structure and unique properties, and thus it is significantly important to study and develop the Gemini surfactants. In this paper, the environment-friendly synthesis process of the Gemini surfactants was optimized based on the current study and application of surfactant and the Gemini quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants and the zwitterionic Gemini surfactants were synthesized.
The intermediate products containing chlorine substituent was synthesized using TBAB as phase transfer catalyst, docecyl branched alchohol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecyl alcohol and n-hexadecanol as raw materials which separately reacted with epichlorohydrin. Moreover, four quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants were synthesized through the reaction of intermediate product and tetramethylethylenediamine. The intermediate products were sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid and neutralized by NaOH solution in order, and the four zwitterionic gemini surfactants were obtained. They were recrystallized and dried at vacuum, at last, they were analyzed by IR.
Surface tensions of the two series surfactant solution were measured by drop volume method at 25℃under eight different concentrations, and the critical micelle concentration (cmc), excess adsorption amount (Γ_(max)), single molecule adsorption area (A_(min)) were obtained from these data; meanwhile, the sterilization rate and the emulsifying properties of the surfactants were determined.
The results showed that all the eight Gemini surfactants had high surface activity and good emulsifying properties. In the two class surfactants, the surfactants using n-tetradecyl alcohol as raw materials have lower surface tension compared with other surfactants, in addition, both the Gemini quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants and zwitterionic Gemini surfactants (0.1wt%) have good emulsifying properties, while the emulsifying properties of the branched surfactants were better than that the surfactants with the same number of carbon straight chain. sterilization rate of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants and emulsifying properties of four quaternary ammonium surfactant and four gender surfactant were determined. The results showed that the eight gemini surfactants have higher surface activity and good emulsifying properties respectively.
引文
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