超声波畜禽骨密度检测系统设计
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摘要
近年来,受暴利驱使,一些不法商贩在畜禽饲养过程中,采用瘦肉精作为饲料添加剂。虽然利用瘦肉精作为饲料添加剂可以使畜禽生长速度加快、瘦肉多脂肪少、肉色鲜美,但是瘦肉精对人体健康具有很大的危害性。目前的瘦肉精检测方法复杂、时间长、费用高,不利于快速检测。基于上述考虑,本文设计了一种超声波畜禽骨密度检测系统,通过对畜禽骨骼密度的检测,从而定性的对瘦肉精进行检测,因为利用瘦肉精作为饲料添加剂饲养的畜禽的骨骼密度明显低于正常饲养的畜禽的骨骼密度。超声波检测具有很多的优点:利用超声波检测洁净卫生;超声波具有较强的能量和选频特性,因此其抗干扰能力较强;超声波检测电路设计方便简单。本文主要利用超声波检测透射法对被测畜禽骨骼密度进行检测,首先对标准的畜禽骨密度进行测定,然后将测得标准畜禽骨密度值同被测样品的骨密度值进行比对,从而判断出被测样品的畜龄,进而对瘦肉精作定性的检测。
本文主要包含以下几方面内容:首先对超声波的特性做了简单的介绍,其中重点介绍了超声波传感器的特性和工作原理;其次在分析研究了目前密度检测的方法及应用后,根据惠更斯和波的反射、折射原理,设计新的算法来计算被测畜禽的骨密度;在此基础上,搭建系统硬件平台,采用模块化设计,其主要分为四个部分:传感器模块、信号采样模块、显示模块和通信模块;然后根据所搭建的硬件电路,进行系统软件设计;最后进行误差分析和补偿。系统采用MSP430F449作为核心处理器,该处理器具有处理能力强、功耗低、外围模块丰富、开发方便简单等优点。设计该检测系统可以有效的改善目前瘦肉精检测现状,保护消费者权益。
Recently,for purchasing more benefits,some illegal merchants use Clenbnterol as additive in feedstuff to raise the domestic animals and birds. Although doing that could shorten the raising period,and make the raise the domestic animals have the more bright flesh color and more muscle,it will do a great harm to human health. At present,the methods for measuring the Clenbnterol is very complicated and cost a lot of time and money. So it is not convenient for real time measurement.
Considering the above problems,the disquisition designed a novel measurement system using ultrasonic to test the density of the domestic animals and birds’bones. After getting the density of bones,it would be possible to judge the exist of the Clenbnterol. Because using the Clenbnterol as the additive feedstuff,the domestic animals and birds will have lower density of bones comparing to normal ones. Ultrasonic inspecting system has many advantages. The system is very clean, has more energy to frequency choosing and anti-jamming, is easier to design. The mainly purpose of the disquisition is to inspect the density of the bones’of domestic animals and birds using the ultrasonic transmission method. After getting the standard results,the system will compare it to the density of the sample to be tested and then determine the age of the sample of it.
The disquisition has been separated for several parts as follows: first, the disquisition introduced the basic principle of ultrasonic; then, designed a novel arithmetic based on the theory of Huygens; and then, designed hardware circuit of the system which included four module: sensor, information sampling, display and communication module; and then design the software of the system; at last analyse and compensate the error. When sampling the information , the system uses MSP430F449 as the kernel processor. It has 16 digit bus and flash memorizer, has great ability in processing data and has low power consuming. It is also easy to design for embedding many modules of periphery. The design of the system will be useful to test Clenbnterol Hydrochloridc and protect the rights of the consumers.
本文主要包含以下几方面内容:首先对超声波的特性做了简单的介绍,其中重点介绍了超声波传感器的特性和工作原理;其次在分析研究了目前密度检测的方法及应用后,根据惠更斯和波的反射、折射原理,设计新的算法来计算被测畜禽的骨密度;在此基础上,搭建系统硬件平台,采用模块化设计,其主要分为四个部分:传感器模块、信号采样模块、显示模块和通信模块;然后根据所搭建的硬件电路,进行系统软件设计;最后进行误差分析和补偿。系统采用MSP430F449作为核心处理器,该处理器具有处理能力强、功耗低、外围模块丰富、开发方便简单等优点。设计该检测系统可以有效的改善目前瘦肉精检测现状,保护消费者权益。
Recently,for purchasing more benefits,some illegal merchants use Clenbnterol as additive in feedstuff to raise the domestic animals and birds. Although doing that could shorten the raising period,and make the raise the domestic animals have the more bright flesh color and more muscle,it will do a great harm to human health. At present,the methods for measuring the Clenbnterol is very complicated and cost a lot of time and money. So it is not convenient for real time measurement.
Considering the above problems,the disquisition designed a novel measurement system using ultrasonic to test the density of the domestic animals and birds’bones. After getting the density of bones,it would be possible to judge the exist of the Clenbnterol. Because using the Clenbnterol as the additive feedstuff,the domestic animals and birds will have lower density of bones comparing to normal ones. Ultrasonic inspecting system has many advantages. The system is very clean, has more energy to frequency choosing and anti-jamming, is easier to design. The mainly purpose of the disquisition is to inspect the density of the bones’of domestic animals and birds using the ultrasonic transmission method. After getting the standard results,the system will compare it to the density of the sample to be tested and then determine the age of the sample of it.
The disquisition has been separated for several parts as follows: first, the disquisition introduced the basic principle of ultrasonic; then, designed a novel arithmetic based on the theory of Huygens; and then, designed hardware circuit of the system which included four module: sensor, information sampling, display and communication module; and then design the software of the system; at last analyse and compensate the error. When sampling the information , the system uses MSP430F449 as the kernel processor. It has 16 digit bus and flash memorizer, has great ability in processing data and has low power consuming. It is also easy to design for embedding many modules of periphery. The design of the system will be useful to test Clenbnterol Hydrochloridc and protect the rights of the consumers.
引文
[1] 杨洁彬.食品安全性.第一版.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999,256~257
[2] 郭世詙.骨质疏松基础与临床.第一版.天津:天津科学技术出版社,2001,43
[3] 小林正.骨质疏松症的疗法.日本医学介绍.1996,14(2):74
[4] 葛继荣.原发性骨质疏松症的中医辨证分型研究.福建中医学院学报,2005,15(1):9
[5] 高书元,童家祥.骨质疏松症的研究与进展.现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(1):10~11
[6] 王选年,康晓迪等.盐酸克伦特罗的残留及检测.动物医学进展,2002,23(3):41~46
[7] 何洁仪,马林等.广州市 17 起盐酸克伦特罗食物中毒分析及预防措施.中国食品卫生杂志,2003,15(1):54~55
[8] 袁宝君,徐瑞平等.两宗淡水鱼污染克伦特罗引起食物中毒调查与分析.中国食品卫生杂志,2004,16(1):51~52
[9] Schlupp A.,Anielski P.,Thieme D.,et al.The beta-agonist clenbuterol in mane and tail hair of horse.Equine Vet J.2004,36(2):11~22
[10] Cristino A.,Ramos F.,Silveira M. I..Control of the illegal use of clenbuterol in bovine production.J. Pham Biomed Anal.,2003,32(2):31~36
[11] 常碧影,阎惠文.饲料中盐酸克伦特罗检测方法研究.现代科学仪器,2003,13(1):44~48
[12] 吴平谷.生物材料中克伦特罗的气相色谱-质谱法测定.分析测试学报,2002,21(1):19~21
[13] Lau J. H.,Khoo C.S.,Murby J.E..Determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol in bovine retina by electropray ionization-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.JAOAC Int.,2004,87(1):31~8
[14] Crescenzl C.,Bayoudh S.,Connack P. A. G.,et al.Determination of clenbuterol in bovine liver by combining matrix solidphase dispersion and molecularly imprinted solidphase etraction followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap multiple stage mass spectrometry.Anal Chem.,2001,73(4):2171~2177
[15] 王选年.盐酸克伦特罗在我国的非法使用及安全评价.中国畜牧杂志,2004,5(3):32~34
[16] 刘崇敬,孙积惠,杨晋才.不同区域骨密度值对原发性骨质疏松症诊断的影响.中华骨科杂志,2003,19(7):723
[17] 伍贤平,廖二元,周智广等.定量超声诊断骨质疏松症的临床应用和评价.中国超声医学杂志,2001,13(7):8
[18] Doyle F.,Brown J.,Lachance C..Relation between bone mass and muscle weight.Lancet,2001,21(2):391
[19] Addabbo A.,Rubini G.,Mele M.,et al.A new method for assessing 99Tcm-MDP bone uptake from a bone scan image quantitative measurement of radioactivity in global skeletal regions of interest.Nucl Med Commune,1999,13(1):55~60
[20] Krogsgaard OW., Nucl EJ. A note to "Radiochemical purity of various 99mtc-labelled bone-scanning agents".Euro J Nucl Med,2002,1(3):181
[21] Israel O.,Gips S.,Lubushitzky R.,et al.Prediction of bone loss in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism using quantitative bone SPECT.J Nucl Med.2001,39(9):1614~1617
[22] Fros HM..Therole of changes in mechanical Usage set Point in the Post menopausal of osseous porpoises.Bone Minden Revs,2002,7(2):251
[23] 袁希光.传感器技术手册.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社.1986,699-702
[24] 马大猷.声学手册.第一版.北京:科学出版社,1983,367~373
[25] 刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用.第一版.北京:国防科技大学出版社,1997,69~82
[26] 机械电子工业部第四十九研究所情报室.传感器应用 300 例(上册).第一版.黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1989,74~89
[27] 陈治,刘志刚.大学物理基础(下册).第三版.北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002,47~52
[28] 胡建恺,张谦琳.超声检测原理和方法.第二版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版,1998,45~58
[29] 姚明林,陈先中,张争.超声波液体密度传感器.传感器技术,2005,24(5):23~26
[30] 李兴华.密度测量及其测量.中国计量,1999,11(3):54 ~55
[31] 王濂炯.密度计量测试应用及其发展动向.上海计量测试,2000,19(5):31~32
[32] Citrin DL.,Bessent RG.,Greig WR..A comparison of the sensitivity and accuracy of the 99TCm-phosphate bone scan and skeletal radiograph in the diagnosis of bone metastases.Clin Radio,1997,28(1):107~113
[33] 马学武.试验条件下生猪生产水平.养猪,2004,7(3):17~20
[34] 康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础.第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,78~102
[35] 吴新立.实用电子技术手册.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社:2002,339~396
[36] 何希才.传感器及其应用电路.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001,245~278
[37] 胡大可.MSP430 系列 FLASH 型超低功耗 16 位单片机.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,11~57
[38] 沈建华,杨艳琴,翟晓曙.MSP430 系列 16 位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,34~79
[39] 许华杰,明健.用 MSP430 实现斜率 A/D 转换.电子产品世界,2001,7(3):26~28
[40] 魏小龙.MSP430 系列:单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2002,68~117
[41] 张剑平.MSP430 系列单片机及其应用.仪器仪表与分析监测.2002,12(1):15~16
[42] 郭强.液晶显示应用技术.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社,2000,84~127
[43] 吴平,龚彬,丁铁夫.液晶显示模块和 MSP430 单片机在显示终端上的应用.液晶与显示.2003,18(6):436~440
[44] 陈海波用.MSP430 实现 LCD 人机界面系统.电子产品世界,2001,7(1):13~15
[45] 马小陆,陶维青.基于 430 单片机的远程测控单元.仪器仪表用户,2004,5(3),69~71
[46] 沈红星.一种基于 RS485 总线的网络协议及其实现方法.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,3(6):23~25
[47] 吴军辉.RS485 总线通信避障及其多主发送的研究.测控技术,2002,12(8):45~49
[48] 胡大可.MSP430 系列单片机 C 语言程序设计与开发.第三版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,19~134
[49] 吴玉玉.超声测量的温度补偿设计.自动化与仪表,1995,21(4):9~11
[50] 赵海兰,赵祥伟.智能温度传感器 DS18B20 的原理与应用.现代电子技术,2003,3(14):32~34
[2] 郭世詙.骨质疏松基础与临床.第一版.天津:天津科学技术出版社,2001,43
[3] 小林正.骨质疏松症的疗法.日本医学介绍.1996,14(2):74
[4] 葛继荣.原发性骨质疏松症的中医辨证分型研究.福建中医学院学报,2005,15(1):9
[5] 高书元,童家祥.骨质疏松症的研究与进展.现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(1):10~11
[6] 王选年,康晓迪等.盐酸克伦特罗的残留及检测.动物医学进展,2002,23(3):41~46
[7] 何洁仪,马林等.广州市 17 起盐酸克伦特罗食物中毒分析及预防措施.中国食品卫生杂志,2003,15(1):54~55
[8] 袁宝君,徐瑞平等.两宗淡水鱼污染克伦特罗引起食物中毒调查与分析.中国食品卫生杂志,2004,16(1):51~52
[9] Schlupp A.,Anielski P.,Thieme D.,et al.The beta-agonist clenbuterol in mane and tail hair of horse.Equine Vet J.2004,36(2):11~22
[10] Cristino A.,Ramos F.,Silveira M. I..Control of the illegal use of clenbuterol in bovine production.J. Pham Biomed Anal.,2003,32(2):31~36
[11] 常碧影,阎惠文.饲料中盐酸克伦特罗检测方法研究.现代科学仪器,2003,13(1):44~48
[12] 吴平谷.生物材料中克伦特罗的气相色谱-质谱法测定.分析测试学报,2002,21(1):19~21
[13] Lau J. H.,Khoo C.S.,Murby J.E..Determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol in bovine retina by electropray ionization-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.JAOAC Int.,2004,87(1):31~8
[14] Crescenzl C.,Bayoudh S.,Connack P. A. G.,et al.Determination of clenbuterol in bovine liver by combining matrix solidphase dispersion and molecularly imprinted solidphase etraction followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap multiple stage mass spectrometry.Anal Chem.,2001,73(4):2171~2177
[15] 王选年.盐酸克伦特罗在我国的非法使用及安全评价.中国畜牧杂志,2004,5(3):32~34
[16] 刘崇敬,孙积惠,杨晋才.不同区域骨密度值对原发性骨质疏松症诊断的影响.中华骨科杂志,2003,19(7):723
[17] 伍贤平,廖二元,周智广等.定量超声诊断骨质疏松症的临床应用和评价.中国超声医学杂志,2001,13(7):8
[18] Doyle F.,Brown J.,Lachance C..Relation between bone mass and muscle weight.Lancet,2001,21(2):391
[19] Addabbo A.,Rubini G.,Mele M.,et al.A new method for assessing 99Tcm-MDP bone uptake from a bone scan image quantitative measurement of radioactivity in global skeletal regions of interest.Nucl Med Commune,1999,13(1):55~60
[20] Krogsgaard OW., Nucl EJ. A note to "Radiochemical purity of various 99mtc-labelled bone-scanning agents".Euro J Nucl Med,2002,1(3):181
[21] Israel O.,Gips S.,Lubushitzky R.,et al.Prediction of bone loss in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism using quantitative bone SPECT.J Nucl Med.2001,39(9):1614~1617
[22] Fros HM..Therole of changes in mechanical Usage set Point in the Post menopausal of osseous porpoises.Bone Minden Revs,2002,7(2):251
[23] 袁希光.传感器技术手册.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社.1986,699-702
[24] 马大猷.声学手册.第一版.北京:科学出版社,1983,367~373
[25] 刘迎春,叶湘滨.传感器原理设计与应用.第一版.北京:国防科技大学出版社,1997,69~82
[26] 机械电子工业部第四十九研究所情报室.传感器应用 300 例(上册).第一版.黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1989,74~89
[27] 陈治,刘志刚.大学物理基础(下册).第三版.北京:中国科学文化出版社,2002,47~52
[28] 胡建恺,张谦琳.超声检测原理和方法.第二版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版,1998,45~58
[29] 姚明林,陈先中,张争.超声波液体密度传感器.传感器技术,2005,24(5):23~26
[30] 李兴华.密度测量及其测量.中国计量,1999,11(3):54 ~55
[31] 王濂炯.密度计量测试应用及其发展动向.上海计量测试,2000,19(5):31~32
[32] Citrin DL.,Bessent RG.,Greig WR..A comparison of the sensitivity and accuracy of the 99TCm-phosphate bone scan and skeletal radiograph in the diagnosis of bone metastases.Clin Radio,1997,28(1):107~113
[33] 马学武.试验条件下生猪生产水平.养猪,2004,7(3):17~20
[34] 康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础.第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,78~102
[35] 吴新立.实用电子技术手册.第二版.北京:机械工业出版社:2002,339~396
[36] 何希才.传感器及其应用电路.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001,245~278
[37] 胡大可.MSP430 系列 FLASH 型超低功耗 16 位单片机.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,11~57
[38] 沈建华,杨艳琴,翟晓曙.MSP430 系列 16 位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,34~79
[39] 许华杰,明健.用 MSP430 实现斜率 A/D 转换.电子产品世界,2001,7(3):26~28
[40] 魏小龙.MSP430 系列:单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.第二版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2002,68~117
[41] 张剑平.MSP430 系列单片机及其应用.仪器仪表与分析监测.2002,12(1):15~16
[42] 郭强.液晶显示应用技术.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社,2000,84~127
[43] 吴平,龚彬,丁铁夫.液晶显示模块和 MSP430 单片机在显示终端上的应用.液晶与显示.2003,18(6):436~440
[44] 陈海波用.MSP430 实现 LCD 人机界面系统.电子产品世界,2001,7(1):13~15
[45] 马小陆,陶维青.基于 430 单片机的远程测控单元.仪器仪表用户,2004,5(3),69~71
[46] 沈红星.一种基于 RS485 总线的网络协议及其实现方法.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,3(6):23~25
[47] 吴军辉.RS485 总线通信避障及其多主发送的研究.测控技术,2002,12(8):45~49
[48] 胡大可.MSP430 系列单片机 C 语言程序设计与开发.第三版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,19~134
[49] 吴玉玉.超声测量的温度补偿设计.自动化与仪表,1995,21(4):9~11
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