深海热液原位探测技术研究及其原型系统集成
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摘要
本论文开展了对深海热液温度和pH值原位探测的研究工作,为此分别研制了深海热液原位多点温度探测系统和长期原位pH值探测系统。原位多点温度探测系统具备九路测温通道,能获知热液烟囱形成过程的温度参数;长期原位pH值探测系统具备pH探测电极自校正的功能,能实现深海热液pH值的长期原位探测。论文针对pH探测电极不能长时间直接用于深海热液的pH值探测,提出了采用深海流体控制技术在海底实现pH探测电极自校正的技术措施。为了解决深海流体控制技术中耐高压的问题,采用压力补偿的方式设计了一种在深海高压环境下能自适应压力变化的流体控制系统,从而为实现深海热液pH值的长期原位探测提供了坚实的技术支持。针对两种深海热液原位探测系统的实现过程,论文对其机电集成技术进行了全面的研究,其中,对深海热液pH值探测的探头研制解决了pH探测电极自校正过程中的换液问题。为了验证所研制的两种原位探测系统的可靠性,论文最后对两种系统的海试进行了介绍。
本论文的主要内容分为六章:
第一章以国内外大量文献作为基础,通过介绍热液成矿、热液羽状流以及热液环境中的生命现象的研究概况,引出了对深海热液活动的几种探测方式的介绍,其中重点介绍了深海热液原位探测的特点、内容、研究现状以及关键技术。最后,提出了本文研究的目的、意义和主要内容。
第二章分析了深海热液原位多点温度探测系统和长期原位pH值探测系统的探测原理,重点介绍了热电偶的冷端补偿原理和pH探测电极的自校正原理,并在此基础上提出了采用深海流体控制技术在海底实现pH探测电极自校正的技术措施。
第三章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的流体控制技术进行了理论与实验研究。采用压力补偿的方式,设计了一种在深海高压环境中能自适应压力变化的流体控制系统,从而解决了深海流体控制技术中耐高压的问题。考虑在海水中下降与上升的实际过程,对该流体控制系统进行了单向阀保护。为了确知该流体控制系统的动态性能,采用功率键合图法对其进行了建模与仿真,仿真结果表明:该流体控制系统即使通过压力补偿的方式能实现内外压平衡,但不能无限地应用于高压环境下,而且在排水时,系统会发生振动现象。为了验证流体控制系统压力补偿措施的可靠性,对该流体控制系统进行了由简到繁的定性的高压实验,实验结果表明该流体控制系统能够应用于高压环境,而且单向阀保护措施是可靠的。
第四章对两种深海热液原位探测系统所涉及的机电集成技术进行了全面的研究,包括能量供给技术、控制技术、封装技术、探头技术以及数据采集技术等。其中,在能量供给技术中,研制了一种七十节电池的供能装置并测试了其放电能力,测试结果表明此能量可供系统工作2月之余;在控制技术中,研制与开发了深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的主控电路板及其相应的软件,并进行了联调实验,实验结果表明研制的主控系统达到了预期的功能;在封装技术中,探讨了深海机电设备封装技术的一些共性问题,并给出了深海高压容器的设计规则;在探头技术中,为了解决pH探测电极自校正过程中的换液问题,采用结构参数仿真的方法对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的pH探测腔进行了设计,并对其进行了换液效果的实验测试,测试结果表明该pH探测腔具有很好的换液效果,从而为深海热液探测中涉及换液过程的探头研制提供了可以借鉴的经验;在数据采集技术中,探讨了针对pH和温度探测的前向测量通道。
第五章首先介绍了深海热液原位多点温度探测系统的海试实验,实验结果表明所研制的系统在机电集成方面是可靠的。海试获得了大量的温度数据,为进一步的科学研究提供了原始的数据。其次,本章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的高压实验进行了详细的介绍,实验结果表明研制的深海流体控制系统以及所采用的各种机电集成技术经受住了高压的考验,从而为该系统的海试打下了坚实的基础。最后,本章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的海试进行了介绍,海试亦获得大量有价值的数据,从而再次表明研制的该套系统具有较高的可靠性。
第六章对全文内容进行了总结,并为今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。
The dissertation has carried out the research on in-situ detections of temperature and pH value for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and therefore an in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system and a long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid have been developed respectively. In-situ multipoint temperature measurement system has nine temperature measurement channels, which can acquire the temperature parameter during the form of hydrothermal chimney; long-term in-situ pH value detection system has self-calibration function of pH detection electrode, which can implement long-term in-situ pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. Owing to pH detection electrode can not implement long-time pH value detection in deep-sea hydrothermal fluid environment, the technical measures of implementing self-calibration of pH detection electrode using deep-sea fluid control technology has been put forward in the dissertation. In order to solve high pressure-resisting problem in deep-sea fluid control technology, a kind of fluid control system which could adapt the pressure variety in deep-sea high pressure environment was designed using pressure compensation method, thus, a firm technical support has been offered for implementing long-term in-situ pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. For the implement process of two in-situ detection systems for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, technologies of mechatronic integration about two systems have been studied comprehensively, in which, the detector development of pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid has solved the fluid change problem in the process of self-calibration of pH detection electrode. In order to validate the reliability of two in-situ detection systems, finally, sea tirals of two systems have been introduced.
The main content of this dissertation is divided into six chapters:
The first chapter has introduced several detection ways about deep-sea hydrothermal fluid activities by means of introducing the general research situation on hydrothermal mineralization, hydrothermal plumes and hydrothermal communities on the basis of lots of domestic and foreign literatures and references, in which, characteristic, content, present state and key technology about in-situ detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid have been especially introduced. Finally, the purpose, significance and main content of the research have been put forward.
The second chapter has analyzed the detection principles of in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system and long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and the cold-junction compensation principle of thermocouple and self-calibration principle of pH detection electrode have been introduced emphatically, and on the basis, the technical measures of implementing self-calibration of pH detection electrode using deep-sea fluid control technology has been put forward.
The third chapter has studied in theory and experiment the fluid control technologies of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. A kind of fluid control system which could adapt the pressure variety in deep-sea high pressure environment was designed using pressure compensation method, and it solves the high pressure-resisting problem in deep-sea fluid control technology. Considering the actual process during falling and rising in seawater, the fluid control system was protected by check valves. In order to know the dynamic performance of the fluid control system, using the method of power bond graph, the mathematic model was built and the simulation was done, and the simulation results indicate as following: the fluid control system can not be applied infinitely in high pressure environment even if the pressure equilibrium can be built through the way of pressure compensation, moreover, the system will vibrate when draining. In order to validate the reliability of pressure compensation of the fluid control system, the qualitative pressure experiments of the fluid control system were performed from easiness to complexity, and the experiment results indicate that the fluid control system can be applied in high pressure environment, in addition, the protect means of check valve is reliable.
The fourth chapter has comprehensively studied the technologies of mechatronic integration about two in-situ detection systems for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, including energy supply technology, control technology, encapsulation technology, detector technology, and data acquisition technology and so on. In the energy supply technology, a kind of energy supply equipment which was composed of seventy batteries was developed, and its discharge capacity was tested, and the test result indicates the equipment can supply more two months energy for the system. In control technology, the main control circuit and corresponding software of in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid were developed, and the combination experiment was performed, and the experiment results manifest that the main control system can implement prospective functions. In encapsulation technology, some common problems about encapsulation technology of deep-sea mechatronic equipment were discussed, and the design regulation about deep-sea high pressure vessel was presented. In detector technology, in order to solve the fluid change problem in the process of self-calibration of pH detection electrode, the pH detection chamber of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid was designed by means of structure parameter simulation, and the fluid change effect was tested, and the test results show that the pH detection chamber has very good fluid change effect, thus, some valuable experiences can be offered for the detector development of involving the fluid change process in deep-sea hydrothermal fluid detection. In data acquisition technology, the forward measurement channels for pH and temperature detection were discussed.
The fifth chapter has introduced firstly the sea trial experiment of in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system for deep-sea hydrothermal, and the experiment results indicate that the technologies of mechatronic integration of the system are reliable. Plenty of temperature data are acquired in the sea trial, which provide original data for further scientific research. Secondly, the chapter has introduced in detail the pressure experiment of in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and the results show that the deep-sea fluid control system developed in the dissertation and all technologies of mechatronic integration adopted in the system go through the high pressure test, and this provides a firm basis for sea trial of the system. Finally, the chapter has introduced the sea trial experiment of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and plenty of valuable data are also acquired in the sea trial, and this indicates again the system has higher reliability.
The sixth chapter has summarized the content of the dissertation, and puts forward some advices for further research.
本论文的主要内容分为六章:
第一章以国内外大量文献作为基础,通过介绍热液成矿、热液羽状流以及热液环境中的生命现象的研究概况,引出了对深海热液活动的几种探测方式的介绍,其中重点介绍了深海热液原位探测的特点、内容、研究现状以及关键技术。最后,提出了本文研究的目的、意义和主要内容。
第二章分析了深海热液原位多点温度探测系统和长期原位pH值探测系统的探测原理,重点介绍了热电偶的冷端补偿原理和pH探测电极的自校正原理,并在此基础上提出了采用深海流体控制技术在海底实现pH探测电极自校正的技术措施。
第三章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的流体控制技术进行了理论与实验研究。采用压力补偿的方式,设计了一种在深海高压环境中能自适应压力变化的流体控制系统,从而解决了深海流体控制技术中耐高压的问题。考虑在海水中下降与上升的实际过程,对该流体控制系统进行了单向阀保护。为了确知该流体控制系统的动态性能,采用功率键合图法对其进行了建模与仿真,仿真结果表明:该流体控制系统即使通过压力补偿的方式能实现内外压平衡,但不能无限地应用于高压环境下,而且在排水时,系统会发生振动现象。为了验证流体控制系统压力补偿措施的可靠性,对该流体控制系统进行了由简到繁的定性的高压实验,实验结果表明该流体控制系统能够应用于高压环境,而且单向阀保护措施是可靠的。
第四章对两种深海热液原位探测系统所涉及的机电集成技术进行了全面的研究,包括能量供给技术、控制技术、封装技术、探头技术以及数据采集技术等。其中,在能量供给技术中,研制了一种七十节电池的供能装置并测试了其放电能力,测试结果表明此能量可供系统工作2月之余;在控制技术中,研制与开发了深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的主控电路板及其相应的软件,并进行了联调实验,实验结果表明研制的主控系统达到了预期的功能;在封装技术中,探讨了深海机电设备封装技术的一些共性问题,并给出了深海高压容器的设计规则;在探头技术中,为了解决pH探测电极自校正过程中的换液问题,采用结构参数仿真的方法对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的pH探测腔进行了设计,并对其进行了换液效果的实验测试,测试结果表明该pH探测腔具有很好的换液效果,从而为深海热液探测中涉及换液过程的探头研制提供了可以借鉴的经验;在数据采集技术中,探讨了针对pH和温度探测的前向测量通道。
第五章首先介绍了深海热液原位多点温度探测系统的海试实验,实验结果表明所研制的系统在机电集成方面是可靠的。海试获得了大量的温度数据,为进一步的科学研究提供了原始的数据。其次,本章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的高压实验进行了详细的介绍,实验结果表明研制的深海流体控制系统以及所采用的各种机电集成技术经受住了高压的考验,从而为该系统的海试打下了坚实的基础。最后,本章对深海热液长期原位pH值探测系统的海试进行了介绍,海试亦获得大量有价值的数据,从而再次表明研制的该套系统具有较高的可靠性。
第六章对全文内容进行了总结,并为今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。
The dissertation has carried out the research on in-situ detections of temperature and pH value for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and therefore an in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system and a long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid have been developed respectively. In-situ multipoint temperature measurement system has nine temperature measurement channels, which can acquire the temperature parameter during the form of hydrothermal chimney; long-term in-situ pH value detection system has self-calibration function of pH detection electrode, which can implement long-term in-situ pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. Owing to pH detection electrode can not implement long-time pH value detection in deep-sea hydrothermal fluid environment, the technical measures of implementing self-calibration of pH detection electrode using deep-sea fluid control technology has been put forward in the dissertation. In order to solve high pressure-resisting problem in deep-sea fluid control technology, a kind of fluid control system which could adapt the pressure variety in deep-sea high pressure environment was designed using pressure compensation method, thus, a firm technical support has been offered for implementing long-term in-situ pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. For the implement process of two in-situ detection systems for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, technologies of mechatronic integration about two systems have been studied comprehensively, in which, the detector development of pH value detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid has solved the fluid change problem in the process of self-calibration of pH detection electrode. In order to validate the reliability of two in-situ detection systems, finally, sea tirals of two systems have been introduced.
The main content of this dissertation is divided into six chapters:
The first chapter has introduced several detection ways about deep-sea hydrothermal fluid activities by means of introducing the general research situation on hydrothermal mineralization, hydrothermal plumes and hydrothermal communities on the basis of lots of domestic and foreign literatures and references, in which, characteristic, content, present state and key technology about in-situ detection for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid have been especially introduced. Finally, the purpose, significance and main content of the research have been put forward.
The second chapter has analyzed the detection principles of in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system and long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and the cold-junction compensation principle of thermocouple and self-calibration principle of pH detection electrode have been introduced emphatically, and on the basis, the technical measures of implementing self-calibration of pH detection electrode using deep-sea fluid control technology has been put forward.
The third chapter has studied in theory and experiment the fluid control technologies of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid. A kind of fluid control system which could adapt the pressure variety in deep-sea high pressure environment was designed using pressure compensation method, and it solves the high pressure-resisting problem in deep-sea fluid control technology. Considering the actual process during falling and rising in seawater, the fluid control system was protected by check valves. In order to know the dynamic performance of the fluid control system, using the method of power bond graph, the mathematic model was built and the simulation was done, and the simulation results indicate as following: the fluid control system can not be applied infinitely in high pressure environment even if the pressure equilibrium can be built through the way of pressure compensation, moreover, the system will vibrate when draining. In order to validate the reliability of pressure compensation of the fluid control system, the qualitative pressure experiments of the fluid control system were performed from easiness to complexity, and the experiment results indicate that the fluid control system can be applied in high pressure environment, in addition, the protect means of check valve is reliable.
The fourth chapter has comprehensively studied the technologies of mechatronic integration about two in-situ detection systems for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, including energy supply technology, control technology, encapsulation technology, detector technology, and data acquisition technology and so on. In the energy supply technology, a kind of energy supply equipment which was composed of seventy batteries was developed, and its discharge capacity was tested, and the test result indicates the equipment can supply more two months energy for the system. In control technology, the main control circuit and corresponding software of in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid were developed, and the combination experiment was performed, and the experiment results manifest that the main control system can implement prospective functions. In encapsulation technology, some common problems about encapsulation technology of deep-sea mechatronic equipment were discussed, and the design regulation about deep-sea high pressure vessel was presented. In detector technology, in order to solve the fluid change problem in the process of self-calibration of pH detection electrode, the pH detection chamber of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid was designed by means of structure parameter simulation, and the fluid change effect was tested, and the test results show that the pH detection chamber has very good fluid change effect, thus, some valuable experiences can be offered for the detector development of involving the fluid change process in deep-sea hydrothermal fluid detection. In data acquisition technology, the forward measurement channels for pH and temperature detection were discussed.
The fifth chapter has introduced firstly the sea trial experiment of in-situ multipoint temperature measurement system for deep-sea hydrothermal, and the experiment results indicate that the technologies of mechatronic integration of the system are reliable. Plenty of temperature data are acquired in the sea trial, which provide original data for further scientific research. Secondly, the chapter has introduced in detail the pressure experiment of in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and the results show that the deep-sea fluid control system developed in the dissertation and all technologies of mechatronic integration adopted in the system go through the high pressure test, and this provides a firm basis for sea trial of the system. Finally, the chapter has introduced the sea trial experiment of long-term in-situ pH value detection system for deep-sea hydrothermal fluid, and plenty of valuable data are also acquired in the sea trial, and this indicates again the system has higher reliability.
The sixth chapter has summarized the content of the dissertation, and puts forward some advices for further research.
引文
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