基于纳米材料增敏效应的双酚A和银离子检测新方法的建立
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摘要
本论文以功能性纳米材料增敏效应在食品安全检测领域的应用为背景，以具有磁分离、核磁共振、等离子共振特性的纳米材料作为特异增敏效应的探针，并与其他先进的检测技术相结合，建立了针对痕量双酚A(BPA)和银离子的高选择、高通量、超灵敏的分析检测新方法。主要开展了以下几方面的研究工作:
1.通过原子转移自由基聚合(Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-ATRP)法制备核壳结构超顺磁性纳米粒子(Fe_3O_4@MIPs)，并建立了磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光光谱(MSPE-HPLC–FLD)测定桔子罐头和鲜牛奶中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜和傅立叶红外光谱仪对Fe_3O_4@MIPs进行了表征，研究了溶液pH、磁性纳米粒子用量、洗脱溶剂和体积等因素对分析结果的影响。结果表明，在以Waters C18柱为分析柱，以甲醇溶液为流动相，激发波长275纳米和发射波长305纳米的条件时，分别测定桔子罐头和鲜牛奶中的双酚A。桔子罐头中双酚A的线性范围为0.5-100纳克/毫升，回收率为83%-107%，方法检出限为0.1纳克/毫升；鲜牛奶中双酚A的线性范围为1-100纳克/毫升，回收率为72%-113%，方法检出限为0.3纳克/毫升。该方法能用于复杂食品基质中痕量双酚A的高选择性测定。
2.通过EDC法将双酚A包被原化学键合于磁性纳米粒子表面，成功的制备了功能性磁纳米粒子，并建立了核磁共振测定自来水中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜和激光动态光散射光谱仪对功能性磁纳米粒子进行了表征，研究了溶液pH、孵育时间、孵育温度等因素对分析结果的影响。结果表明，在pH为7.58，反应时间为50℃，室温条件下测定双酚A,在1-45纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9980)，回收率为86-109%，方法检出限为0.4纳克/毫升。该方法能用于自来水中痕量双酚A的高通量测定。
3.通过静电吸附作用将双酚A包被原和抗双酚A抗体分别修饰于粒径为10nm和20nm金纳米粒子表面，成功制备功能化金纳米粒子，并建立了用等离子手性增敏效应测定自来水中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜、紫外/可见光光谱和动态光散射光谱仪对功能性金纳米粒子及组装体结构进行了表征。结果表明，双酚A在0.01-10纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9863)，回收率为86.5%-96.7%，方法检出限为0.02纳克/毫升。该方法能用于自来水中痕量双酚A的超灵敏测定。
4.将稳定剂（DBD）通过静电吸附修饰于金纳米粒子表面，得到表面被保护的金纳米粒子，提高了其在溶液中的稳定性，将表面保护的金纳米粒子通过Au-SH化学交联的方法修饰富含C碱基的单链核苷酸，并建立了圆二光谱测定自来水中银离子的方法。利用透射电镜、X-射线能量散射谱、紫外/可见光光谱和动态光散射光谱仪，考察13bp，26bp和39bp三种不同碱基长度的组装体，并对功能性金纳米粒子及组装体结构进行了表征。结果表明，以26bp碱基长度的单链核苷酸为组装条件时检测灵敏度最高，银离子在0.005-10纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9913)，方法检出限为2皮摩。该方法能用于自来水中痕量银离子的超灵敏测定。
With the applications of the sensitizing effects of functional nanomaterials in food safetyanalytical fields, the unique magnetic separation, nuclear magnetic resonance properties(NMR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of functional nanomaterials were fully utilizedfor developing a series of novel, rapid and sensitive BPA and silver ions detection methods,combining the traditional and advanced detection methods, All the studies were shown in thefollowing steps:
1. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated Fe_3O_4nanoparticles (Fe_3O_4@MIP) weresynthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used as highly selectivemagnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbents for trace bisphenol A (BPA) of packedfood. The morphological and polymeric characteristics of the Fe_3O_4@MIP were characterizedby transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In thiswork, competitive recognition compounds (4-noctylphenol and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether)exhibited lower binding capability to the Fe_3O_4@MIP than BPA. A high performance liquidchromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was developed for thedetermination of BPA in canned orange and milk samples. The main factors influencing theextraction efficiency, high specificity, the amount of surfactant, the shaking time and thedesorption ability of complex food matrices were investigated and optimized. Various ofparameters such as the pH of the sample, the amount of Fe_3O_4@MIP sorbent, the extractiontime, and the desorption conditions were optimized. Notably, the extraction can be carried outquickly, and the extraction time for BPA onto Fe_3O_4@MIP sorbents can be clearly shortenedto5min. Good linearity (r~2>0.9965) for all calibration curves were obtained, and the limit ofdetection (LOD) for BPA was0.1and0.3ng/mL in canned orange and milk samplesrespectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that surface molecularlyimprinted polymer nanoparticles have been used for the pretreatment of packed food.
2. In order to develop facile, fast and sensitive detection methods for BPA, we describeda sensitive biosensing system involving magnetic relaxation switch, based on the assembly ofcross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles induced by theantigen–antibody biorecognition. The design of smart CLIO-based superparamagnetic ironoxide nanoparticles and antigen-OVA was described for the detection of bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenol) propane (BPA)]. The addition of BPA to the rapid magnetic relaxationswitch immunosensor led to transverse relaxation time (T2) shortening compared to a blankcontrol as shown by NMR relaxometry measurements. This process was also applied to therapid and facile determination of concentrations of BPA in drinking water (tap water). Goodlinearity for all calibration curves was obtained, and the limit of detection (LOD) for BPA was0.4ng/mL in tap water.
3. The antibodies and coating antigen were adhered to the10nm Au NPs and20nm AuNPs respectively through electrostatic interaction. A smart chirality detection for BPA basedon immunorecognition-driven nanoparticle assembly has been fabricated for the first time.The structure characteristics of the assembly were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)．A strong shiftedchiral signal was produced by asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle dimers. The results showedthat the standard curve in the range of0.01-10ng/mL had good linear relation, reclaimationefficience was86.5%-96.7%, and LOD for BPA was0.02ng/mL in drink water.
4. We report the formation of chiroptically active plasmonic heterodimers through DNArecognition mediated by silver ions, based on the assembly of cross-linked gold nanoparticlesinduced by the C-Ag+-C biorecognition. The different assembly by13bp,26bp and39bpDNA was studied and the structure characteristics of the assembly were characterized bytransmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), UV/Visspectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)．The results showed that the standardcurve in the range of0.005-10ng/mL had good linear relation, and LOD for Ag+was2pM indrink water, significantly better than those of fluorescence assays and electrochemicalmethods.
1.通过原子转移自由基聚合(Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization-ATRP)法制备核壳结构超顺磁性纳米粒子(Fe_3O_4@MIPs)，并建立了磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱荧光光谱(MSPE-HPLC–FLD)测定桔子罐头和鲜牛奶中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜和傅立叶红外光谱仪对Fe_3O_4@MIPs进行了表征，研究了溶液pH、磁性纳米粒子用量、洗脱溶剂和体积等因素对分析结果的影响。结果表明，在以Waters C18柱为分析柱，以甲醇溶液为流动相，激发波长275纳米和发射波长305纳米的条件时，分别测定桔子罐头和鲜牛奶中的双酚A。桔子罐头中双酚A的线性范围为0.5-100纳克/毫升，回收率为83%-107%，方法检出限为0.1纳克/毫升；鲜牛奶中双酚A的线性范围为1-100纳克/毫升，回收率为72%-113%，方法检出限为0.3纳克/毫升。该方法能用于复杂食品基质中痕量双酚A的高选择性测定。
2.通过EDC法将双酚A包被原化学键合于磁性纳米粒子表面，成功的制备了功能性磁纳米粒子，并建立了核磁共振测定自来水中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜和激光动态光散射光谱仪对功能性磁纳米粒子进行了表征，研究了溶液pH、孵育时间、孵育温度等因素对分析结果的影响。结果表明，在pH为7.58，反应时间为50℃，室温条件下测定双酚A,在1-45纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9980)，回收率为86-109%，方法检出限为0.4纳克/毫升。该方法能用于自来水中痕量双酚A的高通量测定。
3.通过静电吸附作用将双酚A包被原和抗双酚A抗体分别修饰于粒径为10nm和20nm金纳米粒子表面，成功制备功能化金纳米粒子，并建立了用等离子手性增敏效应测定自来水中双酚A的方法。利用透射电镜、紫外/可见光光谱和动态光散射光谱仪对功能性金纳米粒子及组装体结构进行了表征。结果表明，双酚A在0.01-10纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9863)，回收率为86.5%-96.7%，方法检出限为0.02纳克/毫升。该方法能用于自来水中痕量双酚A的超灵敏测定。
4.将稳定剂（DBD）通过静电吸附修饰于金纳米粒子表面，得到表面被保护的金纳米粒子，提高了其在溶液中的稳定性，将表面保护的金纳米粒子通过Au-SH化学交联的方法修饰富含C碱基的单链核苷酸，并建立了圆二光谱测定自来水中银离子的方法。利用透射电镜、X-射线能量散射谱、紫外/可见光光谱和动态光散射光谱仪，考察13bp，26bp和39bp三种不同碱基长度的组装体，并对功能性金纳米粒子及组装体结构进行了表征。结果表明，以26bp碱基长度的单链核苷酸为组装条件时检测灵敏度最高，银离子在0.005-10纳克/毫升的线性范围内线性关系良好(r~2＞0.9913)，方法检出限为2皮摩。该方法能用于自来水中痕量银离子的超灵敏测定。
With the applications of the sensitizing effects of functional nanomaterials in food safetyanalytical fields, the unique magnetic separation, nuclear magnetic resonance properties(NMR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of functional nanomaterials were fully utilizedfor developing a series of novel, rapid and sensitive BPA and silver ions detection methods,combining the traditional and advanced detection methods, All the studies were shown in thefollowing steps:
1. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated Fe_3O_4nanoparticles (Fe_3O_4@MIP) weresynthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used as highly selectivemagnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbents for trace bisphenol A (BPA) of packedfood. The morphological and polymeric characteristics of the Fe_3O_4@MIP were characterizedby transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In thiswork, competitive recognition compounds (4-noctylphenol and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether)exhibited lower binding capability to the Fe_3O_4@MIP than BPA. A high performance liquidchromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was developed for thedetermination of BPA in canned orange and milk samples. The main factors influencing theextraction efficiency, high specificity, the amount of surfactant, the shaking time and thedesorption ability of complex food matrices were investigated and optimized. Various ofparameters such as the pH of the sample, the amount of Fe_3O_4@MIP sorbent, the extractiontime, and the desorption conditions were optimized. Notably, the extraction can be carried outquickly, and the extraction time for BPA onto Fe_3O_4@MIP sorbents can be clearly shortenedto5min. Good linearity (r~2>0.9965) for all calibration curves were obtained, and the limit ofdetection (LOD) for BPA was0.1and0.3ng/mL in canned orange and milk samplesrespectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that surface molecularlyimprinted polymer nanoparticles have been used for the pretreatment of packed food.
2. In order to develop facile, fast and sensitive detection methods for BPA, we describeda sensitive biosensing system involving magnetic relaxation switch, based on the assembly ofcross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles induced by theantigen–antibody biorecognition. The design of smart CLIO-based superparamagnetic ironoxide nanoparticles and antigen-OVA was described for the detection of bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenol) propane (BPA)]. The addition of BPA to the rapid magnetic relaxationswitch immunosensor led to transverse relaxation time (T2) shortening compared to a blankcontrol as shown by NMR relaxometry measurements. This process was also applied to therapid and facile determination of concentrations of BPA in drinking water (tap water). Goodlinearity for all calibration curves was obtained, and the limit of detection (LOD) for BPA was0.4ng/mL in tap water.
3. The antibodies and coating antigen were adhered to the10nm Au NPs and20nm AuNPs respectively through electrostatic interaction. A smart chirality detection for BPA basedon immunorecognition-driven nanoparticle assembly has been fabricated for the first time.The structure characteristics of the assembly were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)．A strong shiftedchiral signal was produced by asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle dimers. The results showedthat the standard curve in the range of0.01-10ng/mL had good linear relation, reclaimationefficience was86.5%-96.7%, and LOD for BPA was0.02ng/mL in drink water.
4. We report the formation of chiroptically active plasmonic heterodimers through DNArecognition mediated by silver ions, based on the assembly of cross-linked gold nanoparticlesinduced by the C-Ag+-C biorecognition. The different assembly by13bp,26bp and39bpDNA was studied and the structure characteristics of the assembly were characterized bytransmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), UV/Visspectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)．The results showed that the standardcurve in the range of0.005-10ng/mL had good linear relation, and LOD for Ag+was2pM indrink water, significantly better than those of fluorescence assays and electrochemicalmethods.
引文
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