基于LTCC技术的微波毫米波天线研究
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摘要
天线是任何无线通信系统的基本组成部分,随着无线系统的持续不断发展,通信设备的集成度越来越高,其体积也越来越小,这就对天线的小型化提出了更高的要求,而应用LTCC技术则能进一步缩小天线的体积从而满足系统小型化的要求。LTCC(低温共烧陶瓷,Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic)以其优良的高热传导率、高频高Q_T、低介质损耗、高耐温性等特点相当适宜作为天线小型化的材料,LTCC所特有的多层立体结构又使得天线其布局从二维平面空间开始走向三维立体空间,为实现天线的小型化创造了更加有利的工艺加工条件。
本文首先介绍了LTCC技术的工艺流程、特点以及LTCC技术本身的优劣势,随后介绍了国内外微波毫米波LTCC天线的发展历史及趋势,最后阐述了本文的研究目标及指标。通过对微带天线基本理论的分析总结出微带天线小型化、宽频带、高增益的普遍方法,并结合本文研究目标总结出适合LTCC天线应用的技术。
本文针对Ka波段(工作中心频率均为35GHz)设计了两种微带天线,通过不同的设计结构分别实现天线小型化、宽频带以及圆极化的目的。针对无线通信频段(工作中心频率为2.4GHz)设计了两种贴片天线,分别实现天线小型化、宽频带和双频率(2.4GHz与5.8GHz)的目的,以上天线在阻抗带宽方面均满足设计要求。主要工作包括:
1、Ka波段微带缝隙耦合寄生贴片天线:采用寄生贴片增加增益和带宽的同时将矩形寄生贴片改为E型并将传统矩形缝隙改为H型,实测阻抗带宽为22.5%(31.15-39.01GHz)。为使天线增益进一步增加,将前者的天线单元设计为阵列天线,实测阻抗带宽为12%(33.94-38.11GHz); 2、Ka波段微带缝隙耦合圆极化天线:利用90°T型功分器相位差为90°的特点实现圆极化天线,实测阻抗带宽为8.3%(33.56-36.46GHz);3、无线通信频段贴片天线:将传统矩形贴片改为E型贴片,实现天线小型化和宽频带的功能;4、无线通信频段双频天线:通过在贴片上不同位置开不同大小的两条缝隙,在一个天线上实现双频天线的目的。
Antenna is the basic component of the wireless communication system. With the continuous development of wireless system, the integration level of communication equipments is more and more higher and the size is more and more smaller which has higher requirements to antenna’s miniaturization and use the LTCC technique can meet the requirement of miniaturization to reduce the size. LTCC (Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic )is very suitable to be used in miniature antenna due to its high performance in microwave such as low medium loss, high Q_T , etc. LTCC technique employs multi-layer technique which allows configurations of antenna to expand from one dimension to 3D, so as to create more advantageous conditions for miniature antenna.
This disssertation firstly introduced LTCC technology process, its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of LTCC technology itself. Introduced at home and abroad microwave millimeter-wave LTCC antenna development history of pattern and trend, this topic mainly expounds working content. Based on the analysis of the basic theory of microstrip antenna, it summarized the widespread method of microstrip antennas miniaturization, broadband, high gain. Combining with subject ,it summed up technology of suitable for LTCC antenna application.
Two types of microstrip antenna at Ka band(the center frequency is 35GHz) is presented in this paper which are used to achieve the purpose of miniaturization ,wide bandwidth and circular polarization. Two types of patch antenna at wireless communication band(the center frequency is 2.4GHz) is designed which get the purpose of miniaturization ,broadband and dual-band(2.4GHz and 5.8GHz).These antennas all satisfy the design requirements on the aspect of impedance bandwidth .The major tasks present as follow:
1,A E-type patch parastic microstrip slot antenna in Ka-band with LTCC technology. The E-type parasitic patches are used instead of the traditional rectangular chip and H-type slot replaced the traditional rectangular slot .The parasitic patches are used to improve the gain and the bandwidth. The measured impedance bandwidth is 22.5%(31.15-39.01GHz); 2, Array antennas are used to improve the gain, the measured impedance bandwidth is 12%(33.94-38.11GHz); 3,Aperture-coupled circularly polarized microstrip antenna at Ka-band: Power divider with 90°phase differential is used for phase shifting of the two perpendicularity electric field, which circularly polarized antenna is realized, the measured impedance bandwidth is8.3%(33.56-36.46GHz); 3,Patch antenna at wireless communication band :The E-type parasitic patch is used instead of the traditional rectangular chip which can realize the function of miniaturization and broadband; 4,Dual-band antenna at wireless communication band: Dual-frequent antenna is achieved because of the use of two slots with different sizes and in different positions of the patch.
本文首先介绍了LTCC技术的工艺流程、特点以及LTCC技术本身的优劣势,随后介绍了国内外微波毫米波LTCC天线的发展历史及趋势,最后阐述了本文的研究目标及指标。通过对微带天线基本理论的分析总结出微带天线小型化、宽频带、高增益的普遍方法,并结合本文研究目标总结出适合LTCC天线应用的技术。
本文针对Ka波段(工作中心频率均为35GHz)设计了两种微带天线,通过不同的设计结构分别实现天线小型化、宽频带以及圆极化的目的。针对无线通信频段(工作中心频率为2.4GHz)设计了两种贴片天线,分别实现天线小型化、宽频带和双频率(2.4GHz与5.8GHz)的目的,以上天线在阻抗带宽方面均满足设计要求。主要工作包括:
1、Ka波段微带缝隙耦合寄生贴片天线:采用寄生贴片增加增益和带宽的同时将矩形寄生贴片改为E型并将传统矩形缝隙改为H型,实测阻抗带宽为22.5%(31.15-39.01GHz)。为使天线增益进一步增加,将前者的天线单元设计为阵列天线,实测阻抗带宽为12%(33.94-38.11GHz); 2、Ka波段微带缝隙耦合圆极化天线:利用90°T型功分器相位差为90°的特点实现圆极化天线,实测阻抗带宽为8.3%(33.56-36.46GHz);3、无线通信频段贴片天线:将传统矩形贴片改为E型贴片,实现天线小型化和宽频带的功能;4、无线通信频段双频天线:通过在贴片上不同位置开不同大小的两条缝隙,在一个天线上实现双频天线的目的。
Antenna is the basic component of the wireless communication system. With the continuous development of wireless system, the integration level of communication equipments is more and more higher and the size is more and more smaller which has higher requirements to antenna’s miniaturization and use the LTCC technique can meet the requirement of miniaturization to reduce the size. LTCC (Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic )is very suitable to be used in miniature antenna due to its high performance in microwave such as low medium loss, high Q_T , etc. LTCC technique employs multi-layer technique which allows configurations of antenna to expand from one dimension to 3D, so as to create more advantageous conditions for miniature antenna.
This disssertation firstly introduced LTCC technology process, its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of LTCC technology itself. Introduced at home and abroad microwave millimeter-wave LTCC antenna development history of pattern and trend, this topic mainly expounds working content. Based on the analysis of the basic theory of microstrip antenna, it summarized the widespread method of microstrip antennas miniaturization, broadband, high gain. Combining with subject ,it summed up technology of suitable for LTCC antenna application.
Two types of microstrip antenna at Ka band(the center frequency is 35GHz) is presented in this paper which are used to achieve the purpose of miniaturization ,wide bandwidth and circular polarization. Two types of patch antenna at wireless communication band(the center frequency is 2.4GHz) is designed which get the purpose of miniaturization ,broadband and dual-band(2.4GHz and 5.8GHz).These antennas all satisfy the design requirements on the aspect of impedance bandwidth .The major tasks present as follow:
1,A E-type patch parastic microstrip slot antenna in Ka-band with LTCC technology. The E-type parasitic patches are used instead of the traditional rectangular chip and H-type slot replaced the traditional rectangular slot .The parasitic patches are used to improve the gain and the bandwidth. The measured impedance bandwidth is 22.5%(31.15-39.01GHz); 2, Array antennas are used to improve the gain, the measured impedance bandwidth is 12%(33.94-38.11GHz); 3,Aperture-coupled circularly polarized microstrip antenna at Ka-band: Power divider with 90°phase differential is used for phase shifting of the two perpendicularity electric field, which circularly polarized antenna is realized, the measured impedance bandwidth is8.3%(33.56-36.46GHz); 3,Patch antenna at wireless communication band :The E-type parasitic patch is used instead of the traditional rectangular chip which can realize the function of miniaturization and broadband; 4,Dual-band antenna at wireless communication band: Dual-frequent antenna is achieved because of the use of two slots with different sizes and in different positions of the patch.
引文
[1]刘宝宏.微带天线的分析和宽频带设计[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2002
[2]柳青.小型化宽带化微带天线[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2008
[3]费静. Ka波段LTCC天线组件的研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2009
[4]陈雅娟、龙云亮.小型宽带微带天线的研究进展[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,22(7):20-24
[5]刘庭华,章文勋.双频/双极化贴片天线的研究进展.现代雷达.1999,5(21):91-99
[6] Lier E, Jacobson K R. Rectangular microstrip Patch antenna with infinite and finite ground plane dimensions[J]. 1983,IEEE Trans .on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.31: 978-984
[7] Kyriacou George A, Mavrides Anestis A, Design Procedure for Aperture Coupled Micro-strip Antennas Based on Approximate Equivalent Networks[R] .Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Demokritos Univ. of Thrace,Xanthi,Greece
[8] LTCC设计规范,电子43所,深圳南玻电子
[9] Kyutae Lim, Ade Obatoyinbo, Albert Sutono. A highly Integrated Transceiver Module for 5.8 GHz OFDM Communication System using Multi-layer Packaging Technology.2.1, IEEE MTT-S Digest
[10] RongLin Li, Senior Member; IEEE, Gerald DeJean, Moonkyun, Kyutae Lim. Design of Compact Stacked-Patch Antennas in LTCC Multilayer Packaging Modules for Wireless Applications.2004, IEEE Transactions on advanced packaging, vol.27:14-36
[11] Kwon Kim, Stephan Pinel, John Papapolymerou. Linear Tapered Slot Antennas on LTCC Substrate for Millimeter-wave Applications.2005
[12] Seki, T; Nishikawa. 60GHz Monolithic LTCC Module for Wireless Communication System Wireless Technology, 2006. The 9th European Conference 372– 380
[13] Lap K. YeungJie WangYong HuangShu-Chuen LeeKe-Li WuIEEE MTT Beijing Chapter IEEE MTT Society IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter.Development of an Integrated LTCC Bluetooth Module.2005, 2005 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings vol.5:Microwaves Make People Closer
[14]刘学观,郭辉萍等.微波技术与天线.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.7:118-122
[15]方大纲.天线理论与微带天线(英文版)[M].第一版.科学出版社,2006
[16]章文勋.天线(第三版)[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[17] R.Dey,R.Mittra.Compact microstrip antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,1996,(13):12-14
[18] T.K.Lo.CO.Ho,Y.Hwang,E.K.W.Lam,and B.Lee,Miniature aperture-coupled microstrip antenna of Very high permittivity,Elett 33(1997),9-10
[19]张莲.小型化微带天线的宽频带和多频段研究[硕士毕业论文].广东师范大学,2005
[20]王聪敏,高向军,夏东玉,宽带微带天线技术的探讨,现代电子技术,Vo.l8,2003
[21]李明星,张广求,微带天线的宽带设计综述,无线电工程,Vol.33,NO.11.2003
[22]陶杰.小型宽带高增益微带天线分析与设计[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京邮电大学,2007
[23] Emilio Amieri,Luigi Boccia,Giandomenico Amendola,Giuseppe Di Massa, A high gain anteena for small satellite missions, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2004.IEEE
[24]陈雷.微带天线小型化和多频技术的研究[硕士毕业论文].上海:上海大学.2008
[25] Yoshimura Y.A microstrip slot antenna. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory and Techniques,1972,2(11):760-762
[26]蔡志坚,吴文,娄国伟,李兴国.毫米波渐变微带缝隙天线的研究[A].制导与引信,Vol.22:43-56
[27]许戎戎.毫米波微带馈电缝隙天线的研究[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2005
[28] R.J.Mailloux, J.F.Mcilvenna, N.P.Kernweis. Microstrip array technology. IEEE Trans.on Antenna and Progagation,1981,29(1):25-37
[29]高嵬.毫米波微带阵列天线研究[硕士毕业论文].电子科技大学,2007
[30]《毫米波工程基础》,薛良金著,国防工业出版社,1998年
[31]林昌禄.天线工程手册.第1版.电子工业出版社,2002 [32 ]薛虞锋,钟顺时.微带天线圆极化技术概述和进展.电波科学学报.2002(17):331-336
[33] T Vlasits. E Korolkiewicz A Sambell and B Robinson. Performance of a cross-aperture coupled single feed cirularl polarized patch antenna 1996(07)
[34]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.1991,6:19-24
[35]许汝鹏.宽带圆极化微带天线研究[博士毕业论文].南京:南京邮电大学,2007
[36]卞磊.宽带圆极化微带天线分析与设计[博士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008
[37]林昌禄,宋锡明.圆极化天线.第一版.人民邮电出版社,1986
[38] A.Palanisamy, R.Garg. Analysis of circularly polarized square ring and crossed-strip microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans.on Antenna and Propagation.1986(11):1340-1346
[39]徐坤.缝隙耦合馈电的双极化微带天线研究[硕士毕业论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007
[40]梁仙灵,钟顺时,汪伟.高隔离度双极化微带贴片天线的设计,电波科学学波,2006,21(5):731-735
[41]仲从民.毫米波圆极化微带天线的研究[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006
[42]崔耀耀.小型化宽带微带天线研究及无线通信天线的设计[硕士毕业论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[43]李霞.无线局域网(WLAN)标准与实现.计算机与数字工程,2005,1(33):125
[44] S.H.Yeh and K.L.Wong,”Dual band F-shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5.8 WLAN application,”IEEE Antenna Propagat. Symp., San Antonio, TX,vol.4:72-75
[45] C.Y,Pan and C.H.Huang,et al.,”A new printed G-shaped monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications”Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.,vol.45:295-297
[46] X.Jing,Z.Du and K.Gong.”Compact Planar Monopole Antenna for Multi-band Mobile Phones”,Asia-Pacific Conference Pro., Suzhou,China,bol.4:2657-2660
[47]袁峰.平面结构多频段天线的设计与研究[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京邮电大学,2009
[2]柳青.小型化宽带化微带天线[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2008
[3]费静. Ka波段LTCC天线组件的研究.[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学, 2009
[4]陈雅娟、龙云亮.小型宽带微带天线的研究进展[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,22(7):20-24
[5]刘庭华,章文勋.双频/双极化贴片天线的研究进展.现代雷达.1999,5(21):91-99
[6] Lier E, Jacobson K R. Rectangular microstrip Patch antenna with infinite and finite ground plane dimensions[J]. 1983,IEEE Trans .on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.31: 978-984
[7] Kyriacou George A, Mavrides Anestis A, Design Procedure for Aperture Coupled Micro-strip Antennas Based on Approximate Equivalent Networks[R] .Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Demokritos Univ. of Thrace,Xanthi,Greece
[8] LTCC设计规范,电子43所,深圳南玻电子
[9] Kyutae Lim, Ade Obatoyinbo, Albert Sutono. A highly Integrated Transceiver Module for 5.8 GHz OFDM Communication System using Multi-layer Packaging Technology.2.1, IEEE MTT-S Digest
[10] RongLin Li, Senior Member; IEEE, Gerald DeJean, Moonkyun, Kyutae Lim. Design of Compact Stacked-Patch Antennas in LTCC Multilayer Packaging Modules for Wireless Applications.2004, IEEE Transactions on advanced packaging, vol.27:14-36
[11] Kwon Kim, Stephan Pinel, John Papapolymerou. Linear Tapered Slot Antennas on LTCC Substrate for Millimeter-wave Applications.2005
[12] Seki, T; Nishikawa. 60GHz Monolithic LTCC Module for Wireless Communication System Wireless Technology, 2006. The 9th European Conference 372– 380
[13] Lap K. YeungJie WangYong HuangShu-Chuen LeeKe-Li WuIEEE MTT Beijing Chapter IEEE MTT Society IEEE Nanjing Joint Chapter.Development of an Integrated LTCC Bluetooth Module.2005, 2005 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings vol.5:Microwaves Make People Closer
[14]刘学观,郭辉萍等.微波技术与天线.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004.7:118-122
[15]方大纲.天线理论与微带天线(英文版)[M].第一版.科学出版社,2006
[16]章文勋.天线(第三版)[M].电子工业出版社,2005
[17] R.Dey,R.Mittra.Compact microstrip antenna.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,1996,(13):12-14
[18] T.K.Lo.CO.Ho,Y.Hwang,E.K.W.Lam,and B.Lee,Miniature aperture-coupled microstrip antenna of Very high permittivity,Elett 33(1997),9-10
[19]张莲.小型化微带天线的宽频带和多频段研究[硕士毕业论文].广东师范大学,2005
[20]王聪敏,高向军,夏东玉,宽带微带天线技术的探讨,现代电子技术,Vo.l8,2003
[21]李明星,张广求,微带天线的宽带设计综述,无线电工程,Vol.33,NO.11.2003
[22]陶杰.小型宽带高增益微带天线分析与设计[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京邮电大学,2007
[23] Emilio Amieri,Luigi Boccia,Giandomenico Amendola,Giuseppe Di Massa, A high gain anteena for small satellite missions, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2004.IEEE
[24]陈雷.微带天线小型化和多频技术的研究[硕士毕业论文].上海:上海大学.2008
[25] Yoshimura Y.A microstrip slot antenna. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory and Techniques,1972,2(11):760-762
[26]蔡志坚,吴文,娄国伟,李兴国.毫米波渐变微带缝隙天线的研究[A].制导与引信,Vol.22:43-56
[27]许戎戎.毫米波微带馈电缝隙天线的研究[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2005
[28] R.J.Mailloux, J.F.Mcilvenna, N.P.Kernweis. Microstrip array technology. IEEE Trans.on Antenna and Progagation,1981,29(1):25-37
[29]高嵬.毫米波微带阵列天线研究[硕士毕业论文].电子科技大学,2007
[30]《毫米波工程基础》,薛良金著,国防工业出版社,1998年
[31]林昌禄.天线工程手册.第1版.电子工业出版社,2002 [32 ]薛虞锋,钟顺时.微带天线圆极化技术概述和进展.电波科学学报.2002(17):331-336
[33] T Vlasits. E Korolkiewicz A Sambell and B Robinson. Performance of a cross-aperture coupled single feed cirularl polarized patch antenna 1996(07)
[34]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.1991,6:19-24
[35]许汝鹏.宽带圆极化微带天线研究[博士毕业论文].南京:南京邮电大学,2007
[36]卞磊.宽带圆极化微带天线分析与设计[博士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2008
[37]林昌禄,宋锡明.圆极化天线.第一版.人民邮电出版社,1986
[38] A.Palanisamy, R.Garg. Analysis of circularly polarized square ring and crossed-strip microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans.on Antenna and Propagation.1986(11):1340-1346
[39]徐坤.缝隙耦合馈电的双极化微带天线研究[硕士毕业论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007
[40]梁仙灵,钟顺时,汪伟.高隔离度双极化微带贴片天线的设计,电波科学学波,2006,21(5):731-735
[41]仲从民.毫米波圆极化微带天线的研究[硕士毕业论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006
[42]崔耀耀.小型化宽带微带天线研究及无线通信天线的设计[硕士毕业论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[43]李霞.无线局域网(WLAN)标准与实现.计算机与数字工程,2005,1(33):125
[44] S.H.Yeh and K.L.Wong,”Dual band F-shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5.8 WLAN application,”IEEE Antenna Propagat. Symp., San Antonio, TX,vol.4:72-75
[45] C.Y,Pan and C.H.Huang,et al.,”A new printed G-shaped monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications”Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.,vol.45:295-297
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