基于技术创新的我国制药业成长战略研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国医药制造业取得了长足的发展,其生产和市场规模都获得了高速增长。但是,其在产值高速增长的情况下却少有自主创新,这种状况对行业的持续健康发展甚为不利。本文即试图运用技术创新及产业经济学的相关理论,对我国制药业的现状及存在的技术创新乏力问题作出分析,并进行对策研究。
我国目前对制药业的技术创新研究,主要集中在分析企业创新投入少、创新人才缺乏等导致其技术创新乏力的直接原因上,对其在产业组织方面的问题等根本原因缺乏深入研究。
本文研究认为,世界制药业的迅猛发展一方面得益于世界医药市场需求的不断扩大,更重要的一方面得益于其强劲的技术创新和研发能力。从全球范围来看,医药制造业已经是名副其实的技术创新驱动型产业。而我国制药业的高速增长主要得益于国内市场需求的扩张,是一种典型的规模扩张型的发展模式。
在运用索洛余值法对我国制药业经济增长中技术进步作用进行了定量测算,并对测算结果进行了分析之后,本文得出结论认为其是一个技术创新乏力的行业。接下来,论文运用相关技术创新理论及产业组织理论等,对我国制药业技术创新乏力的根本原因进行了深入分析,主要集中在产业组织、基础研究等方面的原因分析。
针对我国制药业技术创新乏力的根本原因,文章最后从政府和企业两个角度提出了提高技术创新能力的对策,主要集中于政府的产业组织政策及企业的激励创新措施研究。
Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China's pharmaceutical industry has been considerably developed. It has got high-speed growth of manufacture and marketing. However, China's pharmaceutical industry has few innovations.Such a situation is detrimental to the healthy development of China's pharmaceutical industry. This paper is an attempt to analyse the present situation and problems of weak technological innovation of China’s pharmaceutical industry by using the theory of technological innovation and industrial economics, and propose countermeasures.
China's current study of the pharmaceutical industry focus on the direct reasons of weakness of technological innovation ,such as less capital investment and lack of creative talents. But there is a lake of in-depth study in its underlying causes of the problems that exist in the industrial organization .
The paper researches the development status and characteristics of the global pharmaceutical industry, argues that, on one hand, the rapid development of the global pharmaceutical industry benefits from the continued expansion of world pharmaceutical market needs,on the other hand, it benefits from the strong investment in R & D and technological innovation. World pharmaceutical industry is a real technical innovation-driven manufacturing industries. But,the rapid growth of China's pharmaceutical industry was largely attributed to the expansion of domestic demand. It is a typical example of the expansion of scale-model of development.
The paper use Solow residual value method to calculate the technological progress role in China’s pharmaceutical industry economic growth . Calculation results are also analyzed. China's pharmaceutical industry is a weak technical innovation industries.Then,the paper use technology innovation theory and industrial organization theory to analyse the root causes of weak technological innovation in China's pharmaceutical industry, mainly concentrated in industrial organization, basic research and other causes.
The thesis amid the root causes of weak technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, propose governments and enterprises measures to enhance the ability in technological innovation. The proposal focused on the government's policies on industrial organization and corporate policies encouraging innovation.
我国目前对制药业的技术创新研究,主要集中在分析企业创新投入少、创新人才缺乏等导致其技术创新乏力的直接原因上,对其在产业组织方面的问题等根本原因缺乏深入研究。
本文研究认为,世界制药业的迅猛发展一方面得益于世界医药市场需求的不断扩大,更重要的一方面得益于其强劲的技术创新和研发能力。从全球范围来看,医药制造业已经是名副其实的技术创新驱动型产业。而我国制药业的高速增长主要得益于国内市场需求的扩张,是一种典型的规模扩张型的发展模式。
在运用索洛余值法对我国制药业经济增长中技术进步作用进行了定量测算,并对测算结果进行了分析之后,本文得出结论认为其是一个技术创新乏力的行业。接下来,论文运用相关技术创新理论及产业组织理论等,对我国制药业技术创新乏力的根本原因进行了深入分析,主要集中在产业组织、基础研究等方面的原因分析。
针对我国制药业技术创新乏力的根本原因,文章最后从政府和企业两个角度提出了提高技术创新能力的对策,主要集中于政府的产业组织政策及企业的激励创新措施研究。
Since the beginning of reform and opening up, China's pharmaceutical industry has been considerably developed. It has got high-speed growth of manufacture and marketing. However, China's pharmaceutical industry has few innovations.Such a situation is detrimental to the healthy development of China's pharmaceutical industry. This paper is an attempt to analyse the present situation and problems of weak technological innovation of China’s pharmaceutical industry by using the theory of technological innovation and industrial economics, and propose countermeasures.
China's current study of the pharmaceutical industry focus on the direct reasons of weakness of technological innovation ,such as less capital investment and lack of creative talents. But there is a lake of in-depth study in its underlying causes of the problems that exist in the industrial organization .
The paper researches the development status and characteristics of the global pharmaceutical industry, argues that, on one hand, the rapid development of the global pharmaceutical industry benefits from the continued expansion of world pharmaceutical market needs,on the other hand, it benefits from the strong investment in R & D and technological innovation. World pharmaceutical industry is a real technical innovation-driven manufacturing industries. But,the rapid growth of China's pharmaceutical industry was largely attributed to the expansion of domestic demand. It is a typical example of the expansion of scale-model of development.
The paper use Solow residual value method to calculate the technological progress role in China’s pharmaceutical industry economic growth . Calculation results are also analyzed. China's pharmaceutical industry is a weak technical innovation industries.Then,the paper use technology innovation theory and industrial organization theory to analyse the root causes of weak technological innovation in China's pharmaceutical industry, mainly concentrated in industrial organization, basic research and other causes.
The thesis amid the root causes of weak technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, propose governments and enterprises measures to enhance the ability in technological innovation. The proposal focused on the government's policies on industrial organization and corporate policies encouraging innovation.
引文
3 中华人民共和国商务部网站:www.mofcom.gov.cn
6 本表数据引自顾海《医药产业经济学》2006 年 1 月第 1 版
[1] 陈文玲,药品价格居高不下究竟原因何在,价格理论与实践,2005,1:15-17
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[5] 张聪群,论产业集群的技术创新优势,生产力研究,2006,10:184-186
[6] 克里斯·弗里曼,罗克·苏特,工业创新经济学(华宏勋等译),北京,北京大学出版社,2004:289
[7] 黄悦胜,韩小念,基于产业生命周期的技术创新研究,改革与战略,2002,7-8: 75-78
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[9] 傅家骥,技术创新学,北京,清华大学出版社,1998:122
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[11] 柳卸林,21 世纪的中国技术创新系统,北京,北京大学出版社,2000:89
[12] 陈劲,宋建元,葛朝阳等,试论基础研究及其原始性创新,科学学研究,2004,22(3):317-321
[13] 金泉源,黄泰康,中国、美国、日本医药产业创新体系的对比研究,中国药业,2005,14(10):2-3
[14] 王英,尹戎,中国医药技术进步的跨越战略,中国药房,1999,10(2):49-51
[15] 张余文,中国药品流通体系的现状和发展前景,经济理论与经济管理,2005,3: 34-38
[16] 顾海,医药产业经济学,北京,中国医药科技出版社,2006:245
[17] 赵岸英编辑,2004 世界医药市场看涨,医药产业资讯,2004,12:31
[18] 茅宁莹,印度医药企业新药研发经验启示,中国药房,2005,16(18):1369-1372
[19] 李萍,国际医药企业购并动因分析及对中国的启示,广东财经职业学院学报,2002, 1(5):32-35
[20] Joseph A.DiMasi,Ronald W.Hansen,Henry G.Grabowski,The price of innovation:new estimates of drug development costs,Journal of Health Economics,2003,22:151-185
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[27] 刘皋林,我国新药研究开发的现状及存在的问题,上海医药,2002,23(10):445-446
[28] R.M.Solow.Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function,Review of Economics and Statistics,1957,39(3):312-320
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[31] 霍雅勤,干飞,王瑛,技术进步对中国矿产资源采掘业产出的贡献,中国地质矿产经济,2002,9:30-33
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[37] 毛磊,世卫专家评论中国非典科研进展与问题,人民日报,2003:8 月 7 日第三版
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[40] 罗蕾,医药知识产权的保护与医药科技中介机构的建立,南京财经大学学报,2005,5:73-77
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6 本表数据引自顾海《医药产业经济学》2006 年 1 月第 1 版
[1] 陈文玲,药品价格居高不下究竟原因何在,价格理论与实践,2005,1:15-17
[2] 李洪,钟素艳,入世后我国医药企业风险分析及对策,淮海医药,2003,21(2): 164-167
[3] 程工,企业技术创新论,上海,上海财经大学出版社,2005:243
[4] 约瑟夫·熊彼特,经济发展理论(张培刚译),北京,商务印书馆,1990:3-4
[5] 张聪群,论产业集群的技术创新优势,生产力研究,2006,10:184-186
[6] 克里斯·弗里曼,罗克·苏特,工业创新经济学(华宏勋等译),北京,北京大学出版社,2004:289
[7] 黄悦胜,韩小念,基于产业生命周期的技术创新研究,改革与战略,2002,7-8: 75-78
[8] 姜均露,经济增长中科技进步作用测算,北京,中国计划出版社,1998:13
[9] 傅家骥,技术创新学,北京,清华大学出版社,1998:122
[10] 肖广岭,柳卸林,我国技术创新环境问题及其对策,中国软科学,2001,1:18-24
[11] 柳卸林,21 世纪的中国技术创新系统,北京,北京大学出版社,2000:89
[12] 陈劲,宋建元,葛朝阳等,试论基础研究及其原始性创新,科学学研究,2004,22(3):317-321
[13] 金泉源,黄泰康,中国、美国、日本医药产业创新体系的对比研究,中国药业,2005,14(10):2-3
[14] 王英,尹戎,中国医药技术进步的跨越战略,中国药房,1999,10(2):49-51
[15] 张余文,中国药品流通体系的现状和发展前景,经济理论与经济管理,2005,3: 34-38
[16] 顾海,医药产业经济学,北京,中国医药科技出版社,2006:245
[17] 赵岸英编辑,2004 世界医药市场看涨,医药产业资讯,2004,12:31
[18] 茅宁莹,印度医药企业新药研发经验启示,中国药房,2005,16(18):1369-1372
[19] 李萍,国际医药企业购并动因分析及对中国的启示,广东财经职业学院学报,2002, 1(5):32-35
[20] Joseph A.DiMasi,Ronald W.Hansen,Henry G.Grabowski,The price of innovation:new estimates of drug development costs,Journal of Health Economics,2003,22:151-185
[21] Joseph A.DiMasi,Ronald W.Hansen,Henry G.Grabowski,The price of innovation:new estimates of drug development costs,Journal of Health Economics,2003,22:151-185
[22] Alexander.D.L,J.E.Flynn,I.A.Linkins,Innovation,R&D Productivity and Global Market Share in the Pharmaceutical Industry,Review of Industrial Orgnization,1995,10:197-207
[23] Esther F.Schmid,Dennis A.Smith,Is declining innovation in the pharmaceutical industry a myth,REVIEWS,2005,10(15):1031-1039
[24] Collins.S.W,The Race to Commercialize Biotechnology,London and New York,2004:373
[25] 孙杰,张锐,许陶,经济全球化背景下的中国医药产业的发展策略,商业研究,2005,4:96-100
[26] 欧阳录春,入世对我国高科技产业的影响及其发展对策,中国高新技术企业,2002,6:15-19
[27] 刘皋林,我国新药研究开发的现状及存在的问题,上海医药,2002,23(10):445-446
[28] R.M.Solow.Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function,Review of Economics and Statistics,1957,39(3):312-320
[29] Edward F.Denison,The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the Altematives Before Us,New York,Committee for Economic Development,1962:320
[30] 王阔田,周美娟,技术进步对建筑业经济增长的贡献分析,工程建设与设计,2006,1:77-78
[31] 霍雅勤,干飞,王瑛,技术进步对中国矿产资源采掘业产出的贡献,中国地质矿产经济,2002,9:30-33
[32] 李传威,柏继云,我国乳业生产科技进步贡献率的测算,科技与管理,2004,4: 58-59
[33] 许玉明,中国高技术产业的科技进步贡献率分析,技术创新,2005,5:7-9
[34] 李悦,李平,产业经济学,大连,东北财经大学出版社,2002:232
[35] 杨公朴,夏大慰,产业经济学教程,上海,上海财经大学出版社,2002:161
[36] 费嘉,茅宁莹,国际新药研发的新动向及对我国医药产业的启示,中国新药杂志,2005,14(9):1093-1098
[37] 毛磊,世卫专家评论中国非典科研进展与问题,人民日报,2003:8 月 7 日第三版
[38] 周林,NIH 医学科学基金资助及管理研究,世界科技研究与发展,2005,2:93-100
[39] 陈向东,张晨,在华制药领域专利技术资源竞争,中国软科学,2006,5:63-73
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