基于DSP的独立光伏发电系统的研究
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摘要
随着人类社会经济的快速发展,对能源的需求越来越大,开发和利用可再生的绿色能源将是实现人类可持续发展必须采取的措施,而太阳能具有储量巨大、不会枯竭、无污染等优点,在未来,太阳能光伏发电将有着良好的发展前景。本文以太阳能光伏发电系统作为研究对象,对光伏发电系统的最大功率跟踪方法、逆变控制系统的硬件电路设计和软件控制方法进行了深入的研究。
首先,本文详细介绍了国内外太阳能光伏发电的现状和发展前景,并对光伏发电系统的组成和分类作了简单分析,对光伏发电系统建立了一个初步认识。
其次,在熟悉了太阳能电池分类和发电原理的基础上,重点分析和研究了光伏阵列的输出特性和其影响因素;然后介绍了最大功率跟踪常用的跟踪方法,为了减小固定步长的扰动观察法进行最大功率跟踪会导致功率损失的缺陷,本文采用了变步长的扰动观察法来跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点,它保证了跟踪过程的快速性和稳定性,通过Matlab仿真证明这种方法具有良好的跟踪性能。
最后,对光伏发电系统的逆变环节进行了研究,设计了以数字信号处理器为核心的控制电路,以智能功率模块为核心的逆变主电路。采用模块化的编程方法构建了逆变控制系统中的软件功能模块,采用对称规则采样法生成SPWM波,并通过实验验证了该方案的可行性。
With the rapid economic development of human society, there is a growing need for energy. The measures of exploiting and using of renewable green energy must be taken to achieve sustainable human development. Solar energy has some advantages such as great reserves, inexhaustible, pollution-free, etc. In the future, solar photovoltaic power generation will have a good development prospect. This paper discusses solar photovoltaic power generation system, making an in-depth study on the maximum power tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system, the hardware design of inverter control system, and control algorithm.
Firstly, the paper describes in detail the domestic solar photovoltaic power generation status and development prospects, photovoltaic power generation system has been introduced by the composition and classification, and built on a preliminary understanding.
Secondly,based on the introduction of the classification of solar cells and the principle of power generation, the output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays and it’s influencing factors have been analyzed and studied; the commonly used method of maximum power point tracking has been introduced, In order to reduce the fixed step length perturbation and observation method for maximum power tracking defects lead to power loss, and the variable step perturbation and observation method proposed by the composition, it guarantees the fast tracking process and stability, and through Matlab simulation results show that the method has good tracking performance.
Finally, photovoltaic inverters have been studied, and DSP as the core of the control circuit as well as IPM as the core of the inverter main circuit have been designed. Modular programming method for inverter control system of software modules construction and symmetry rules sampling for SPWM wave generation have been applied in the paper. The feasibility of the system is verified by experiments.
首先,本文详细介绍了国内外太阳能光伏发电的现状和发展前景,并对光伏发电系统的组成和分类作了简单分析,对光伏发电系统建立了一个初步认识。
其次,在熟悉了太阳能电池分类和发电原理的基础上,重点分析和研究了光伏阵列的输出特性和其影响因素;然后介绍了最大功率跟踪常用的跟踪方法,为了减小固定步长的扰动观察法进行最大功率跟踪会导致功率损失的缺陷,本文采用了变步长的扰动观察法来跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点,它保证了跟踪过程的快速性和稳定性,通过Matlab仿真证明这种方法具有良好的跟踪性能。
最后,对光伏发电系统的逆变环节进行了研究,设计了以数字信号处理器为核心的控制电路,以智能功率模块为核心的逆变主电路。采用模块化的编程方法构建了逆变控制系统中的软件功能模块,采用对称规则采样法生成SPWM波,并通过实验验证了该方案的可行性。
With the rapid economic development of human society, there is a growing need for energy. The measures of exploiting and using of renewable green energy must be taken to achieve sustainable human development. Solar energy has some advantages such as great reserves, inexhaustible, pollution-free, etc. In the future, solar photovoltaic power generation will have a good development prospect. This paper discusses solar photovoltaic power generation system, making an in-depth study on the maximum power tracking system of photovoltaic power generation system, the hardware design of inverter control system, and control algorithm.
Firstly, the paper describes in detail the domestic solar photovoltaic power generation status and development prospects, photovoltaic power generation system has been introduced by the composition and classification, and built on a preliminary understanding.
Secondly,based on the introduction of the classification of solar cells and the principle of power generation, the output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays and it’s influencing factors have been analyzed and studied; the commonly used method of maximum power point tracking has been introduced, In order to reduce the fixed step length perturbation and observation method for maximum power tracking defects lead to power loss, and the variable step perturbation and observation method proposed by the composition, it guarantees the fast tracking process and stability, and through Matlab simulation results show that the method has good tracking performance.
Finally, photovoltaic inverters have been studied, and DSP as the core of the control circuit as well as IPM as the core of the inverter main circuit have been designed. Modular programming method for inverter control system of software modules construction and symmetry rules sampling for SPWM wave generation have been applied in the paper. The feasibility of the system is verified by experiments.
引文
[1]王长贵,王斯成.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
[2]冯垛生,宋金莲等.太阳能发电原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[3]杨金焕,于花丛,葛亮.太阳能光伏发电应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[4]车孝轩.太阳能光伏系统概论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.10.
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[7](德)Stefan Krauter,王宾,董新洲.太阳能发电——光伏能源系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[8]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列Matlab通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251.
[9]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇,胡宏勋,董精微.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].2006,27(6):535-539.
[10] Dezso Sera , Tamas Kerekes , Remus Teodorescu and Frede Blaabjerg. Improved MPPT Algor- ithms for Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions.IEEE EPE-PEMC,2006:1614-1619.
[11]陈敏,陈尚伍,钱照明.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪的控制策略[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(12):1317-1320.
[12]何薇薇,杨金明.太阳能光伏发电最大功率点跟踪系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,41(8):30-32.
[13]李晶,窦伟,徐正国,彭燕昌,许洪华.光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪算法的研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(3):268-276.
[14]赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003,05.
[15]张志涌,杨祖樱等.Matlab教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.08.
[16]王庆章,赵庚申,许盛之等.光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2005,38(6):74-79.
[17] Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal. MPPT Scheme for a PV-Fed Single-Phase Single-Stage Grid- Connected Inverter Operating in CCM With Only One Current Sensor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2009,24(1):256-263.
[18]Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Masahiro Ohno, Takayoshi Inoue.A Method for MPPT Control While Sear- ching for Parameters Corresponding to Weather Conditions for PV Generation Systems. IEEE Tran-sactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53(4):1055-1065.
[19]Jung-Min Kwon, Woo-Young Choi, Bong-Hwan Kwon.Multi-mode MPPT Control for Improv- ed Efficiency. IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technoloqies,2008:140-143.
[20]苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋等.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[21]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆,张永秀.TMS320X281XDSP原理及C程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.02.
[22]陈维,沈辉,邓幼俊,舒杰.光伏发电系统中逆变器技术应用及展望[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(4)130-135.
[23]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.05.
[24]陈坚.电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004.14.
[25]www.alldatasheet.com. PS21869 Data Sheet[G]. 2005.
[26]www.alldatasheet.com. HCPL-4504 Data Sheet[G].
[27]南京托肯电子科技有限公司.传感器选型资料[G]. 2007.
[28]www.alldatasheet.com. LM385 Data Sheet[G].
[29]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[30]彭启琮,管庆. DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[31]杨银堂,马峰,刘毅.DSP应用开发从实践到提高[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[32]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281XDSP原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.08.
[33]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[34]王晓明,刘瑶,周青山等.电动机的DSC控制——微芯公司dsPIC应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.04.
[35]陈增禄,毛惠丰,周炳根,施杰,任记达. SPWM数字化自然采样法的理论及应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):32-37.
[36]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[37]顾德英,张健,马淑华等.计算机控制技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,07.
[38]王锦标.计算机控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39]S. A. Saleh, M. A. Rahman. Development and Experimental Testing of a Single-Phase B-Splin- e-Based SPWM Inverter. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2006 :815-819.
[40]董显林,喻寿益.基于TMS320F2812的正弦脉宽调制SPWM[J].电气传动, 2005,24(11):50-53.
[41]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]王潞钢,陈林康,曾岳南,许贤昶等.DSP-C2000程序员高手进阶[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.01.
[2]冯垛生,宋金莲等.太阳能发电原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[3]杨金焕,于花丛,葛亮.太阳能光伏发电应用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009.
[4]车孝轩.太阳能光伏系统概论[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.10.
[5]周志敏,纪爱华.太阳能光伏发电系统设计与应用实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010.
[6]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,袁立强.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[7](德)Stefan Krauter,王宾,董新洲.太阳能发电——光伏能源系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[8]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列Matlab通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251.
[9]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇,胡宏勋,董精微.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].2006,27(6):535-539.
[10] Dezso Sera , Tamas Kerekes , Remus Teodorescu and Frede Blaabjerg. Improved MPPT Algor- ithms for Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions.IEEE EPE-PEMC,2006:1614-1619.
[11]陈敏,陈尚伍,钱照明.太阳电池最大功率点跟踪的控制策略[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(12):1317-1320.
[12]何薇薇,杨金明.太阳能光伏发电最大功率点跟踪系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,41(8):30-32.
[13]李晶,窦伟,徐正国,彭燕昌,许洪华.光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪算法的研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(3):268-276.
[14]赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003,05.
[15]张志涌,杨祖樱等.Matlab教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.08.
[16]王庆章,赵庚申,许盛之等.光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪控制方法研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2005,38(6):74-79.
[17] Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal. MPPT Scheme for a PV-Fed Single-Phase Single-Stage Grid- Connected Inverter Operating in CCM With Only One Current Sensor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2009,24(1):256-263.
[18]Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Masahiro Ohno, Takayoshi Inoue.A Method for MPPT Control While Sear- ching for Parameters Corresponding to Weather Conditions for PV Generation Systems. IEEE Tran-sactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53(4):1055-1065.
[19]Jung-Min Kwon, Woo-Young Choi, Bong-Hwan Kwon.Multi-mode MPPT Control for Improv- ed Efficiency. IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technoloqies,2008:140-143.
[20]苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋等.TMS320F2812原理与开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[21]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆,张永秀.TMS320X281XDSP原理及C程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.02.
[22]陈维,沈辉,邓幼俊,舒杰.光伏发电系统中逆变器技术应用及展望[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(4)130-135.
[23]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.05.
[24]陈坚.电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2004.14.
[25]www.alldatasheet.com. PS21869 Data Sheet[G]. 2005.
[26]www.alldatasheet.com. HCPL-4504 Data Sheet[G].
[27]南京托肯电子科技有限公司.传感器选型资料[G]. 2007.
[28]www.alldatasheet.com. LM385 Data Sheet[G].
[29]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[30]彭启琮,管庆. DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[31]杨银堂,马峰,刘毅.DSP应用开发从实践到提高[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[32]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281XDSP原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.08.
[33]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[34]王晓明,刘瑶,周青山等.电动机的DSC控制——微芯公司dsPIC应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2009.04.
[35]陈增禄,毛惠丰,周炳根,施杰,任记达. SPWM数字化自然采样法的理论及应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(1):32-37.
[36]陶永华,尹怡欣,葛芦生.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[37]顾德英,张健,马淑华等.计算机控制技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,07.
[38]王锦标.计算机控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39]S. A. Saleh, M. A. Rahman. Development and Experimental Testing of a Single-Phase B-Splin- e-Based SPWM Inverter. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2006 :815-819.
[40]董显林,喻寿益.基于TMS320F2812的正弦脉宽调制SPWM[J].电气传动, 2005,24(11):50-53.
[41]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]王潞钢,陈林康,曾岳南,许贤昶等.DSP-C2000程序员高手进阶[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.01.