新型太阳能发电系统的开发与研究
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摘要
能源问题,已经成为当今世界最为关注的问题。随着非可再生能源的逐渐消耗殆尽,人们开始把更多的精力投入到可再生能源的利用和开发上。而太阳能作为一种新兴的能源,以其取之不尽、无污染等优点,受到人们越来越多的重视。
随着太阳能电池的造价逐渐的降低,使得太阳能电池得到了广泛的应用,然而,太阳能电池的转换效率比较低,太阳能发电系统的工作性能在受到外界环境的影响时表现的不稳定性,也制约了太阳能发电系统的更加广泛的应用。产生这种情况的主要原因是由于太阳能发电系统的控制器的硬件电路和软件程序的设计问题。在控制器的软件设计中,采用的控制策略没有考虑到环境因素对太阳能发电系统输出功率的影响,这就使得对太阳能发电系统所使用的最大功率点跟踪的控制策略的研究变得尤为必要。
本文以独立的太阳能发电系统为研究对象,研究了现有的太阳能发电系统中的太阳能电池控制器的优缺点,分析导致太阳能电池控制器工作不稳定的原因,并在现有的太阳能电池控制器的基础上,对太阳能电池控制器的软件程序和硬件电路进行了重新的设计,对太阳能电池控制器中采用最大功率点跟踪的控制策略进行了研究,并对其进行了仿真。同时,在现有的太阳能发电系统上加入了无线监控网络,形成了新型的太阳能发电系统。
本文的主要的内容有：
(1)对太阳能发电系统进行了概述,综述了国内外太阳能发电系统的应用和发展现状。
(2)描述了新型太阳能发电系统的组成和功能,提出了新型太阳能发电系统的设计方案和设计原则。
(3)分析了太阳能发电系统中的太阳能电池控制器的存在的问题,结合太阳能电池的特性,根据DC-DC电压转换电路的工作原理,重新设计了太阳能电池控制器的硬件电路。根据最大功率点跟踪法中的扰动观测法的思想,设计了控制器的充电、放电的软件程序。
(4)在太阳能电池控制系统上加入了无线监控网络,并根据无线监控网络的设计需要设计了相应监控控制器：集散控制器和节点控制器。同时,根据无线监控网络的拓扑结构,设计了相应的通讯协议。
(5)对太阳能电池控制系统采用的充放电的控制策略进行了研究,主要是恒定电压法和最大功率点跟踪法的研究,并分析了温度对恒定电压法的影响以及各种最大功率点跟踪法的控制思想和优缺点。对改进的电导增量法的控制策略,进行了仿真验证。
Nowadays, the energy problem has become the most noticeable question in the whole world. With the decreasing of the non-regenerative energy, people begin to pay much more attention on the utilization and development of the regenerative energy. Moreover, as a novel energy source, the solar energy, which has some advantages such as inexhaustibility, non-pollution and so on, has been increasingly noticed.
With the decreasing of the manufacturing cost of the solar battery, the solar battery has been widely applied in lots of fields. However, the low conversion efficiency of the solar battery and the instability of working performance of the solar power generation system when it is affected by the working environment limit the wider application of the solar power generation system. The main reason of this case is that the design deficiency of the hardware circuit and software program of the controller of the solar power generation system. In the software design, the control strategy does not consider the influence of environment factors on the output power of the solar power generation system. So it is necessary that the research of control strategy of the maximum power point tracking that is utilized in the solar power generation system.
This paper considers the independent solar power generation system as an investigated subject, investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the solar battery controller applied in the existing solar power generation system, analyses the causes of the instability of the solar battery controller, based on the existing solar battery controller, redesigns the software program and hardware circuit of the solar battery controller, investigates the control strategy of the maximum power point tracking applied in the solar battery controller and emulates the control strategy. Moreover, based on the existing solar power generation system, this paper designs a wireless monitor network, and founds a novel solar power generation system.
The main context is included:
(1) Summarized the solar power generation system and the statement of development and application of the solar power generation system in our country and in the other countries.
(2) Described the constitution and function of the novel solar power generation system, and proposed the design scheme and principle of the novel solar power generation system.
(3) Analyzed the existent problems of the existing solar battery controller in the solar power generation system. Combined the characteristics of solar battery, and based on the working principle of the DC-DC converter circuit, redesigned the hardware circuit of the solar battery controller. According to the idea of the P&Q (Perturbation and Observation) method among the maximum power point tracking methods, designed the control algorithm of charge and discharge of the solar battery controller.
(4) Based on the solar battery control system, designed the wireless monitor network, and according to the design requirement of the wireless monitor network, correspondently designed the monitor controllers:the integrated controller and the node controller.
(5) Investigated the charge and discharge control strategies used in the solar battery control system, mainly researched the CVT (Constant Voltage Tracking) method and the maximum power point tracking method, and analyzed the temperature influence on the constant voltage tracking method and the control thought and merits and drawbacks of some the maximum power point tracking methods. Simulated and verified the control strategy of the improved Incremental Conductance method.
随着太阳能电池的造价逐渐的降低,使得太阳能电池得到了广泛的应用,然而,太阳能电池的转换效率比较低,太阳能发电系统的工作性能在受到外界环境的影响时表现的不稳定性,也制约了太阳能发电系统的更加广泛的应用。产生这种情况的主要原因是由于太阳能发电系统的控制器的硬件电路和软件程序的设计问题。在控制器的软件设计中,采用的控制策略没有考虑到环境因素对太阳能发电系统输出功率的影响,这就使得对太阳能发电系统所使用的最大功率点跟踪的控制策略的研究变得尤为必要。
本文以独立的太阳能发电系统为研究对象,研究了现有的太阳能发电系统中的太阳能电池控制器的优缺点,分析导致太阳能电池控制器工作不稳定的原因,并在现有的太阳能电池控制器的基础上,对太阳能电池控制器的软件程序和硬件电路进行了重新的设计,对太阳能电池控制器中采用最大功率点跟踪的控制策略进行了研究,并对其进行了仿真。同时,在现有的太阳能发电系统上加入了无线监控网络,形成了新型的太阳能发电系统。
本文的主要的内容有：
(1)对太阳能发电系统进行了概述,综述了国内外太阳能发电系统的应用和发展现状。
(2)描述了新型太阳能发电系统的组成和功能,提出了新型太阳能发电系统的设计方案和设计原则。
(3)分析了太阳能发电系统中的太阳能电池控制器的存在的问题,结合太阳能电池的特性,根据DC-DC电压转换电路的工作原理,重新设计了太阳能电池控制器的硬件电路。根据最大功率点跟踪法中的扰动观测法的思想,设计了控制器的充电、放电的软件程序。
(4)在太阳能电池控制系统上加入了无线监控网络,并根据无线监控网络的设计需要设计了相应监控控制器：集散控制器和节点控制器。同时,根据无线监控网络的拓扑结构,设计了相应的通讯协议。
(5)对太阳能电池控制系统采用的充放电的控制策略进行了研究,主要是恒定电压法和最大功率点跟踪法的研究,并分析了温度对恒定电压法的影响以及各种最大功率点跟踪法的控制思想和优缺点。对改进的电导增量法的控制策略,进行了仿真验证。
Nowadays, the energy problem has become the most noticeable question in the whole world. With the decreasing of the non-regenerative energy, people begin to pay much more attention on the utilization and development of the regenerative energy. Moreover, as a novel energy source, the solar energy, which has some advantages such as inexhaustibility, non-pollution and so on, has been increasingly noticed.
With the decreasing of the manufacturing cost of the solar battery, the solar battery has been widely applied in lots of fields. However, the low conversion efficiency of the solar battery and the instability of working performance of the solar power generation system when it is affected by the working environment limit the wider application of the solar power generation system. The main reason of this case is that the design deficiency of the hardware circuit and software program of the controller of the solar power generation system. In the software design, the control strategy does not consider the influence of environment factors on the output power of the solar power generation system. So it is necessary that the research of control strategy of the maximum power point tracking that is utilized in the solar power generation system.
This paper considers the independent solar power generation system as an investigated subject, investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the solar battery controller applied in the existing solar power generation system, analyses the causes of the instability of the solar battery controller, based on the existing solar battery controller, redesigns the software program and hardware circuit of the solar battery controller, investigates the control strategy of the maximum power point tracking applied in the solar battery controller and emulates the control strategy. Moreover, based on the existing solar power generation system, this paper designs a wireless monitor network, and founds a novel solar power generation system.
The main context is included:
(1) Summarized the solar power generation system and the statement of development and application of the solar power generation system in our country and in the other countries.
(2) Described the constitution and function of the novel solar power generation system, and proposed the design scheme and principle of the novel solar power generation system.
(3) Analyzed the existent problems of the existing solar battery controller in the solar power generation system. Combined the characteristics of solar battery, and based on the working principle of the DC-DC converter circuit, redesigned the hardware circuit of the solar battery controller. According to the idea of the P&Q (Perturbation and Observation) method among the maximum power point tracking methods, designed the control algorithm of charge and discharge of the solar battery controller.
(4) Based on the solar battery control system, designed the wireless monitor network, and according to the design requirement of the wireless monitor network, correspondently designed the monitor controllers:the integrated controller and the node controller.
(5) Investigated the charge and discharge control strategies used in the solar battery control system, mainly researched the CVT (Constant Voltage Tracking) method and the maximum power point tracking method, and analyzed the temperature influence on the constant voltage tracking method and the control thought and merits and drawbacks of some the maximum power point tracking methods. Simulated and verified the control strategy of the improved Incremental Conductance method.
引文
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2.李政勋.小型太阳能能量转换系统研制[D],中山大学,2002.
3.张源.国外光伏技术现状及发展[J],新能源,1993,15(8)：1-2.
4.李文婷,刘宏.国内外太阳能光伏发电发展综述[J],青海电力,2003,23(4)：3-7.
5.杜琳.基于输出参数的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制的研究与实现[D],北京交通大学,2007.
6.赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M],北京：科学出版社,2005,33-34.
7. Taehong Kim, Noseong Park, Poh Kit Chong, Jongwoo Sung, Daeyoung Kim. Distributed Low Power Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Network [J], IEEE,2007, 268-273.
8.黄海宏,黄长杰,王海欣.24V_5A太阳能控制器设计[J],电源技术应用,2006,9(5)：30-32.
9.曹仁贤.高效光伏充电器的研制[J],太阳能学报,1998,19(4)：433-436.
10.黄海宏.小功率简易型太阳能控制器设计[J],现代电子技术,2006,2：88-90.
11.张鹏,王兴君,王松林.小功率智能型太阳能控制器的设计[J],现代电子技术,2007,18：177-181.
12.张艳红,张崇巍,吕绍勤,张兴,林闽.新型太阳能控制器的研制[J],节能,2006,2：30-34.
13.阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,39-45.
14.雄振华.基于ZIGBEE的井下无线监控网络的研究与开发[D],合肥工业大学,2007.
15.蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通信技术综述[J],现代电子技术,2004,3：65-67.
16.赵建华,杨艳琴,翟晓曙.MSP430系统16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004,20-21.
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