有机非金属催化的生物降解聚合物合成
|
摘要
本论文主要研究了有机非金属催化剂催化的生物降解聚合物合成。使用的有机非金属催化剂包括布朗斯特弱酸(水杨酸)，路易斯强酸(三(五氟苯基)硼烷)，路易斯强碱(膦腈碱)。我们利用这些有机非金属催化剂催化开环聚合，合成了基于己内酯、戊内酯、丙交酯和三亚甲基碳酸酯的可降解聚合物，并研究了反应动力学、聚合机理和聚合物的生物降解性能。主要成果如下：
1)用腈碱(t-BuP4)杂化共聚合成了聚(己内酯-co-甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯)(CL-co-BMA)共聚物，三氟乙酸水解合成的共聚物得到(己内酯-co-甲基丙烯酸)(CL-co-MAA)，即带羧基的生物降解高分子。核磁共振、红外、差示扫描量热法和热重分析实验结果证明合成的聚合物为无规共聚物。用石英微晶天平(QCM-D)考察了共聚物的降解行为，结果表明共聚物的降解速率比己内酯均聚物要快很多。
2)用膦腈碱(t-BuP4)合成了聚(己内酯-co-叔丁基缩水甘油醚)(CL-co-BGE)无规共聚物，水解叔丁基得到带羟基的两亲性无规共聚物聚(己内酯-co-缩水甘油)(CL-co-GD)。石英微晶天平(QCM-D)研究了共聚物在PBS酶溶液中的降解行为。结果显示随着GD含量的上升共聚物降解速率明显加快。MTT细胞毒性实验证明CL-co-GD共聚物具有较低的细胞毒性。
3)用膦腈碱(t-BuP4)催化的杂化共聚合成了聚(丙交酯-co-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯)(LA-co-MEO2MA)：一种具有抗蛋白性的可降解的共聚物。核磁共振和差示扫描量热实验结果证明合成的聚合物为无规共聚物。石英微晶天平(QCM-D)实验结果说明LA-co-MEO2MA无规共聚物的酶降解速率快于PLA均聚物，且该共聚物对人血纤维原蛋白、牛血清蛋白和溶酶菌具有抗吸附性。随着MEO2MA在共聚物中含量的增加抗蛋白效果增强。MTT细胞毒性实验说明无规共聚物具有较低的细胞毒性。
4)用水杨酸(SAA)为催化剂苯甲醇(BnOH)为引发剂80°C本体条件下开环聚合己内酯(CL)，得到分子量可控分布较窄的聚己内酯(PCL)。甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙炔醇(PGA)、叠氮己醇(AHA)和甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)作为官能化引发剂进行开环聚合反应。核磁共振、体积排除色谱和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱测试结果证明PCL含有官能化引发剂末端，说明SAA催化CL开环聚合是按活化单体机理进行的。动力学实验证明SAA催化CL开环聚合是活性/可控的。
5)用三(五氟苯基)硼烷(B(C6F5)3)为路易斯酸催化剂苯甲醇(BnOH)为引发剂80°C本体条件下开环聚合己内酯(CL)，得到分子量可控分布较窄的聚己内酯(PCL)。甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙炔醇(PGA)、叠氮己醇(AHA)和甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)作为官能化引发剂开环聚合CL。核磁共振、体积排除色谱和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱测试结果证明合成的PCL含有引发剂末端。动力学和扩链实验证明B(C6F5)3催化CL开环聚合是活性/可控的。我们还合成了聚己内酯-b-聚戊内酯(PCL-b-PVL)、聚己内酯-b-聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(PCL-b-TMC)嵌段共聚物和大环PCL。
We have systematically studied the synthesis of biodegradable polymers with metal-freeorganic catalysts, such as weak Br nsted acid (salicylic acid), strong Lewis acid(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane) and super base(1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)) in this PhD thesis. Biodegradable polymers based onε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate cyclic monomers havebeen prepared with those organic metal-free catalysts proceeding ring-opening polymerization.The polymerization kinetic, mechanism and the biodegradability have also been studied. Theresults are as follows:
1) We have synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone-co-tert-butyl methacrylate)(CL-co-BMA)random copolymer via hybrid copolymerization with1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as the catalyst. The copolymer has been hydrolyzedinto poly(ε-caprolactone-co-methacrylic acid)(CL-co-MAA), a PCL-based copolymer withpendent carboxyl groups. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) measurements indicate that cyclic ester and vinyl monomer form a random copolymer.The degradation of the copolymer has also been studied using quartz crystal microbalancewith dissipation (QCM-D).
2) We have synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone-co-tert-butyl glycidyl ether)(CL-co-BGE)random copolymer with1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as thecatalyst. The hydrolysis of the resulting polymer yields an amphiphilicpoly(ε-caprolactone-co-glycidol)(CL-co-GD) copolymer. By use of quartz crystalmicrobalance with dissipation (QCM-D), we have investigated the enzymatic degradation ofpolymers in PBS buffer. It shows that the polymeric surface exhibits higher degradation rateas the hydrophilic GD units increase. Laser Light Scattering (LLS) indicates the amphiphiliccopolymer can be self-assemble in water to form nanoparticles.(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)(MTT) assay experimentsdemonstrate that the CL-co-GD copolymer has a low cytotoxicity.
3) We have synthesized poly(l-lactide-co-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)(LA-co-MEO2MA) containing both degradable and protein resistant units via hybrid copolymerization with(1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as the catalyst. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that LA-co-MEO2MA is a randomcopolymer. The studies of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) demonstratethat the copolymer enzymaticlly degrades much faster than poly(l-lactide)(PLA)homopolymer due to its lower crystallinity. We have also investigated the adsorption ofbovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme or fibrinogen on a LA-co-MEO2MA surface in realtime by use of QCM-D and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Our studies reveal that thepolymer is protein resistant depending on MEO2MA content.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay experimentsdemonstrate that the polymer has a low cytotoxicity.
4) Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using salicylic acid (SAA)as the organocatalyst and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator in bulk at80°C successfullyproceeded to give a narrowly distributed poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL). In addition,2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), propargyl alcohol (PGA),6-azido-1-hexanol (AHA)and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) were also used as functional initiators. The1HNMR, SEC, MALDI-TOF MS measurements of the PCL clearly indicate the presence of theinitiator residue at the chain end, implying that the SAA-catalyzed ROP of CL was throughthe activated monomer mechanism. The kinetic experiments confirmed the controlled/livingnature of the SAA-catalyzed ROP of CL. Furthermore, the block copolymerization of CL andδ-valerolactone (VL) successfully proceeded to give PCL-b-PVL.
5) Narrowly distributed poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) was synthesized by the ring-openingpolymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3)as acidic catalyst and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator in bulk at80°C. The use offunctional initiators such as2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), propargyl alcohol (PGA),6-azido-1-hexanol (AHA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) leads toend-functionalized PCLs.1H NMR, SEC and MALDI-TOF MS measurements clearlyindicate the presence of the initiator residue at the chain end of the obtained PCLhomopolymers. The study on polymerization kinetics confirm the controlled/living nature ofthe B(C6F5)3-catalyzed ROP of CL. Accordingly, the block copolymerization of CL withδ-valerolactone (VL) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) successfully proceeded to givePCL-b-PVL and PCL-b-PTMC copolymers. Macrocyclic PCL was also prepared by theintramolecular click reaction of the heterotelechelic α-azido,ω-enthynyl-PCL.
1)用腈碱(t-BuP4)杂化共聚合成了聚(己内酯-co-甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯)(CL-co-BMA)共聚物，三氟乙酸水解合成的共聚物得到(己内酯-co-甲基丙烯酸)(CL-co-MAA)，即带羧基的生物降解高分子。核磁共振、红外、差示扫描量热法和热重分析实验结果证明合成的聚合物为无规共聚物。用石英微晶天平(QCM-D)考察了共聚物的降解行为，结果表明共聚物的降解速率比己内酯均聚物要快很多。
2)用膦腈碱(t-BuP4)合成了聚(己内酯-co-叔丁基缩水甘油醚)(CL-co-BGE)无规共聚物，水解叔丁基得到带羟基的两亲性无规共聚物聚(己内酯-co-缩水甘油)(CL-co-GD)。石英微晶天平(QCM-D)研究了共聚物在PBS酶溶液中的降解行为。结果显示随着GD含量的上升共聚物降解速率明显加快。MTT细胞毒性实验证明CL-co-GD共聚物具有较低的细胞毒性。
3)用膦腈碱(t-BuP4)催化的杂化共聚合成了聚(丙交酯-co-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)甲基丙烯酸乙酯)(LA-co-MEO2MA)：一种具有抗蛋白性的可降解的共聚物。核磁共振和差示扫描量热实验结果证明合成的聚合物为无规共聚物。石英微晶天平(QCM-D)实验结果说明LA-co-MEO2MA无规共聚物的酶降解速率快于PLA均聚物，且该共聚物对人血纤维原蛋白、牛血清蛋白和溶酶菌具有抗吸附性。随着MEO2MA在共聚物中含量的增加抗蛋白效果增强。MTT细胞毒性实验说明无规共聚物具有较低的细胞毒性。
4)用水杨酸(SAA)为催化剂苯甲醇(BnOH)为引发剂80°C本体条件下开环聚合己内酯(CL)，得到分子量可控分布较窄的聚己内酯(PCL)。甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙炔醇(PGA)、叠氮己醇(AHA)和甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)作为官能化引发剂进行开环聚合反应。核磁共振、体积排除色谱和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱测试结果证明PCL含有官能化引发剂末端，说明SAA催化CL开环聚合是按活化单体机理进行的。动力学实验证明SAA催化CL开环聚合是活性/可控的。
5)用三(五氟苯基)硼烷(B(C6F5)3)为路易斯酸催化剂苯甲醇(BnOH)为引发剂80°C本体条件下开环聚合己内酯(CL)，得到分子量可控分布较窄的聚己内酯(PCL)。甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙炔醇(PGA)、叠氮己醇(AHA)和甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)作为官能化引发剂开环聚合CL。核磁共振、体积排除色谱和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱测试结果证明合成的PCL含有引发剂末端。动力学和扩链实验证明B(C6F5)3催化CL开环聚合是活性/可控的。我们还合成了聚己内酯-b-聚戊内酯(PCL-b-PVL)、聚己内酯-b-聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(PCL-b-TMC)嵌段共聚物和大环PCL。
We have systematically studied the synthesis of biodegradable polymers with metal-freeorganic catalysts, such as weak Br nsted acid (salicylic acid), strong Lewis acid(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane) and super base(1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)) in this PhD thesis. Biodegradable polymers based onε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate cyclic monomers havebeen prepared with those organic metal-free catalysts proceeding ring-opening polymerization.The polymerization kinetic, mechanism and the biodegradability have also been studied. Theresults are as follows:
1) We have synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone-co-tert-butyl methacrylate)(CL-co-BMA)random copolymer via hybrid copolymerization with1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as the catalyst. The copolymer has been hydrolyzedinto poly(ε-caprolactone-co-methacrylic acid)(CL-co-MAA), a PCL-based copolymer withpendent carboxyl groups. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) measurements indicate that cyclic ester and vinyl monomer form a random copolymer.The degradation of the copolymer has also been studied using quartz crystal microbalancewith dissipation (QCM-D).
2) We have synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone-co-tert-butyl glycidyl ether)(CL-co-BGE)random copolymer with1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as thecatalyst. The hydrolysis of the resulting polymer yields an amphiphilicpoly(ε-caprolactone-co-glycidol)(CL-co-GD) copolymer. By use of quartz crystalmicrobalance with dissipation (QCM-D), we have investigated the enzymatic degradation ofpolymers in PBS buffer. It shows that the polymeric surface exhibits higher degradation rateas the hydrophilic GD units increase. Laser Light Scattering (LLS) indicates the amphiphiliccopolymer can be self-assemble in water to form nanoparticles.(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)(MTT) assay experimentsdemonstrate that the CL-co-GD copolymer has a low cytotoxicity.
3) We have synthesized poly(l-lactide-co-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)(LA-co-MEO2MA) containing both degradable and protein resistant units via hybrid copolymerization with(1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene)(t-BuP4) as the catalyst. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that LA-co-MEO2MA is a randomcopolymer. The studies of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) demonstratethat the copolymer enzymaticlly degrades much faster than poly(l-lactide)(PLA)homopolymer due to its lower crystallinity. We have also investigated the adsorption ofbovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme or fibrinogen on a LA-co-MEO2MA surface in realtime by use of QCM-D and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Our studies reveal that thepolymer is protein resistant depending on MEO2MA content.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay experimentsdemonstrate that the polymer has a low cytotoxicity.
4) Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using salicylic acid (SAA)as the organocatalyst and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator in bulk at80°C successfullyproceeded to give a narrowly distributed poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL). In addition,2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), propargyl alcohol (PGA),6-azido-1-hexanol (AHA)and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) were also used as functional initiators. The1HNMR, SEC, MALDI-TOF MS measurements of the PCL clearly indicate the presence of theinitiator residue at the chain end, implying that the SAA-catalyzed ROP of CL was throughthe activated monomer mechanism. The kinetic experiments confirmed the controlled/livingnature of the SAA-catalyzed ROP of CL. Furthermore, the block copolymerization of CL andδ-valerolactone (VL) successfully proceeded to give PCL-b-PVL.
5) Narrowly distributed poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) was synthesized by the ring-openingpolymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3)as acidic catalyst and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator in bulk at80°C. The use offunctional initiators such as2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), propargyl alcohol (PGA),6-azido-1-hexanol (AHA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) leads toend-functionalized PCLs.1H NMR, SEC and MALDI-TOF MS measurements clearlyindicate the presence of the initiator residue at the chain end of the obtained PCLhomopolymers. The study on polymerization kinetics confirm the controlled/living nature ofthe B(C6F5)3-catalyzed ROP of CL. Accordingly, the block copolymerization of CL withδ-valerolactone (VL) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) successfully proceeded to givePCL-b-PVL and PCL-b-PTMC copolymers. Macrocyclic PCL was also prepared by theintramolecular click reaction of the heterotelechelic α-azido,ω-enthynyl-PCL.
引文
[1] Zhang Z., Schreiner P.R.(Thio)urea organocatalysis-What can be learnt from anionrecognition?[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38(4):1187-1198.
[2] Westheimer F.H. Coincidences, decarboxylation, and electrostatic effects [J]. Tetrahedron,1995,51(1):3-20.
[3] Hamilton G.A., Westheimer F.H. On the mechanism of the enzymatic decarboxylation ofacetoacetate [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1959,81(23):6332-6333.
[4] DeTar D.F., Westheimer F.H. The Role of Thiamin in Carboxylase [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1959,81(1):175-178.
[5] Breslow R. On the Mechanism of Thiamine Action. IV.1Evidence from Studies on ModelSystems [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1958,80(14):3719-3726.
[6] Grondal C., Jeanty M., Enders D. Organocatalytic cascade reactions as a new tool in totalsynthesis [J]. Nat. Chem.,2010,2(3):167-178.
[7] Bertelsen S., Jorgensen K.A. Organocatalysis-after the gold rush [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38(8):2178-2189.
[8] Hanessian S., Auzzas L. The Practice of Ring Constraint in Peptidomimetics UsingBicyclic and Polycyclic Amino Acids [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2008,41(10):1241-1251.
[9] McGarrigle E.M., Myers E.L., Illa O., et al. Chalcogenides as Organocatalysts [J]. Chem.Rev.,2007,107(12):5841-5883.
[10] List B. Introduction: Organocatalysis [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5413-5415.
[11] Erkkil A., Majander I., Pihko P.M. Iminium Catalysis [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5416-5470.
[12] Notz W., Tanaka F., Barbas C.F. Enamine-Based Organocatalysis with Proline andDiamines: The Development of Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol, Mannich, Michael,and Diels-Alder Reactions [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2004,37(8):580-591.
[13] Flory P.J. A Comparison of Esterification and Ester Interchange Kinetics [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,1940,62(9):2261-2264.
[14] Odian G. Principle of polymerization [M].4th ed. New York: Wiley Interscience,2004:436-443.
[15] Cronin J.P., Pepper D.C. Zwitterionic polymerization of butyl cyanoacrylate bytriphenylphosphine and pyridine [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1988,189(1):85-102.
[16] Némethy G., Scheraga H.A. Structure of Water and Hydrophobic Bonding in Proteins.I. A Model for the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Water [J]. J. Chem.Phys.,1962,36(12):3382-3400.
[17] Beste L.F., Hall H.K. Kinetics of Ring-Opening and Vinyl Polymerizations withoutTermination Reactions [J]. J. Phy. Chem.,1964,68(2):269-274.
[18] Penczek S., Cypryk M., Duda A., et al. Living ring-opening polymerizations ofheterocyclic monomers [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2007,32(2):247-282.
[19] Xiao C.S., Wang Y.C., Du J.Z., et al. Kinetics and Mechanism of2-Ethoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane Polymerization Initiated by Stannous Octoate[J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(20):6825-6831.
[20] Wen J., Kim G.J.A., Leong K.W. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-ethyl ethylene phosphate)s as newdrug carriers [J]. J. Control. Release,2003,92(1-2):39-48.
[21] Bouyahyi M., Duchateau R. Metal-Based Catalysts for Controlled Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Macrolactones: High Molecular Weight and Well-DefinedCopolymer Architectures [J]. Macromolecules,2014,47(2):517-524.
[22] Degirmenci M., Acikses A., Genli N. Cyclohexene Oxide Mid-Chain FunctionalMacromonomer of Poly(ε-caprolactone): Synthesis, Characterization, andPhotoinitiated Cationic Homo-and Copolymerization [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,2011,123(5):2567-2573.
[23] Babasola O.I., Amsden B.G. Surface Eroding, Liquid Injectable Polymers Based on5-Ethylene Ketal ε-Caprolactone [J]. Biomacromolecules,2011,12(10):3423-3431.
[24] Labet M., Thielemans W. Synthesis of polycaprolactone: a review [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38(12):3484-3504.
[25] Pospiech D., Komber H., Jehnichen D., et al. Multiblock Copolymers of l-Lactide andTrimethylene Carbonate [J]. Biomacromolecules,2004,6(1):439-446.
[26] Kricheldorf H.R. Syntheses and application of polylactides [J]. Chemosphere,2001,43(1):49-54.
[27] Kricheldorf H.R., Kreiser-Saunders I., Stricker A. Polylactones48. SnOct2-InitiatedPolymerizations of Lactide: A Mechanistic Study [J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(3):702-709.
[28] Kricheldorf H.R., Sun S.J., Gerken A., et al. Polymers of Carbonic Acid.22. CholestericPolycarbonates Derived from (S)-((2-Methylbutyl)thio)hydroquinone or Isosorbide [J].Macromolecules,1996,29(25):8077-8082.
[29] Kricheldorf H.R., Sumbel M.V., Kreiser-Saunders I. Polylactones.20. Polymerization ofε-caprolactone with tributyltin derivatives: a mechanistic study [J]. Macromolecules,1991,24(8):1944-1949.
[30] Kricheldorf H.R., Berl M., Scharnagl N. Poly(lactones).9. Polymerization mechanism ofmetal alkoxide initiated polymerizations of lactide and various lactones [J].Macromolecules,1988,21(2):286-293.
[31] Drumright R.E., Gruber P.R., Henton D.E. Polylactic Acid Technology [J]. Adv. Mater.,2000,12(23):1841-1846.
[32] Platel R.H., Hodgson L.M., Williams C.K. Biocompatible Initiators for LactidePolymerization [J]. Polym. Rev.,2008,48(1):11-63.
[33] Kricheldorf H.R. Syntheses of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymers by Means ofBismuth Catalysts [J]. Chem. Rev.,2009,109(11):5579-5594.
[34] Kiesewetter M.K., Shin E.J., Hedrick J.L., et al. Organocatalysis Opportunities andChallenges for Polymer Synthesis [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(5):2093-2107.
[35] Raynaud J., Absalon C., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-OrganocatalyzedRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide in the Presence of Alcohols orTrimethylsilyl Nucleophiles as Chain Moderators for the Synthesis ofα,ω-Heterodifunctionalized Poly(ethylene oxide)s [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(6):2814-2823.
[36] Nederberg F., Connor E.F., M ller M., et al. New Paradigms for Organic Catalysts: TheFirst Organocatalytic Living Polymerization [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2001,40(14):2712-2715.
[37] Jeong W., Shin E.J., Culkin D.A., et al. Zwitterionic Polymerization: A Kinetic Strategyfor the Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic Polylactide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(13):4884-4891.
[38] Kricheldorf H.R., Damrau D.O. Polylactones,37. Polymerizations of L-lactide initiatedwith Zn(II) L-lactate and other resorbable Zn salts [J]. Macromol. Chem. Phys.,1997,198(6):1753-1766.
[39] Kricheldorf H.R., Boettcher C. Polylactones26. Lithium alkoxide-initiatedpolymerizations of L-lactide [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1993,194(6):1665-1669.
[40] Kricheldorf H.R. Polypeptides and100Years of Chemistry of α-Amino AcidN-Carboxyanhydrides [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2006,45(35):5752-5784.
[41] Chuma A., Horn H.W., Swope W.C., et al. The Reaction Mechanism for theOrganocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactide Using a Guanidine-BasedCatalyst: Hydrogen-Bonded or Covalently Bound?[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2008,130(21):6749-6754.
[42] Lai C.L., Lee H.M., Hu C.H. Theoretical study on the mechanism of N-heterocycliccarbene catalyzed transesterification reactions [J]. Tetrahedron Lett.,2005,46(37):6265-6270.
[43] Kubisa P., Penczek S. Cationic activated monomer polymerization of heterocyclicmonomers [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,1999,24(10):1409-1437.
[44] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Jér me R. Living Cationic Polymerization of δ-Valerolactoneand Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Homopolymer and Asymmetric Telechelic andBlock Copolymer [J]. Macromolecules,2002,35(4):1190-1195.
[45] Shibasaki Y., Sanada H., Yokoi M., et al. Activated Monomer Cationic Polymerization ofLactones and the Application to Well-Defined Block Copolymer Synthesis withSeven-Membered Cyclic Carbonate [J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(12):4316-4320.
[46] Kim M.S., Seo K.S., Khang G., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone byPoly(ethylene glycol) by an Activated Monomer Mechanism [J]. Macromol. RapidComm.,2005,26(8):643-648.
[47] Liu J.Y., Liu L.J. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Initiated by NaturalAmino Acids [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(8):2674-2676.
[48] Xie D.L., Jiang B., Yang C.Z. Study on the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by hydroxyl acids [J]. Acta. Polym. Sin.,2000,1(5):532-537.
[49] Sanda F., Sanada H., Shibasaki Y., et al. Star Polymer Synthesis from ε-CaprolactoneUtilizing Polyol/Protonic Acid Initiator [J]. Macromolecules,2002,35(3):680-683.
[50] Casas J., Persson P.V., Iversen T., et al. Direct Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerizations of Lactones [J]. Adv. Synth. Catal.,2004,346(9-10):1087-1089.
[51] Yu Z.J., Liu L.J., Zhuo R.X. Microwave-improved polymerization of ε-caprolactoneinitiated by carboxylic acids [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2003,41(1):13-21.
[52] Lee R.S., Li H.R., Yang J.M., et al. Synthesis of biodegradablepoly(trans-4-hydroxy-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-proline)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)copolymers and micellar characterizations [J]. Polymer,2005,46(24):10718-10726.
[53] Persson P.V., Schr der J., Wickholm K., et al. Selective Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerization: A Versatile Route to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Poly(ε-caprolactones)[J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(16):5889-5893.
[54] Labet M., Thielemans W. Citric acid as a benign alternative to metal catalysts for theproduction of cellulose-grafted-polycaprolactone copolymers [J]. Polym. Chem.,2012,3(3):679-684.
[55] Kricheldorf H.R., Dunsing R. Polylactones,8. Mechanism of the cationic polymerizationof L,L-dilactide [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1986,187(7):1611-1625.
[56] Bourissou D., Martin-Vaca B., Dumitrescu A., et al. Controlled Cationic Polymerizationof Lactide [J]. Macromolecules,2005,38(24):9993-9998.
[57] Ba ko M., Kubisa P. Polyester oligodiols by cationic AM copolymerization ofL,L-lactide and ε-caprolactone initiated by diols [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem.,2007,45(14):3090-3097.
[58] Ba ko M., Kubisa P. Cationic copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and L,L-lactide by anactivated monomer mechanism [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2006,44(24):7071-7081.
[59] Wilson B.C., Jones C.W. A Recoverable, Metal-Free Catalyst for the GreenPolymerization of ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(26):9709-9714.
[60] Couffin A., Delcroix D., Martín-Vaca B., et al. Mild and Efficient Preparation of Blockand Gradient Copolymers by Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Caprolactone and Trimethylene Carbonate [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(11):4354-4360.
[61] Gazeau-Bureau S.P., Delcroix D., Martín-Vaca B., et al. Organo-Catalyzed ROP ofε-Caprolactone: Methanesulfonic Acid Competes with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid [J].Macromolecules,2008,41(11):3782-3784.
[62] Oshimura M., Tang T., Takasu A. Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone usingperfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluoroalkanesulfonimides as organic catalysts [J]. J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2011,49(5):1210-1218.
[63] Makiguchi K., Satoh T., Kakuchi T. Synthesis of various end-functionalized polyestersby controlled/living ring-opening polymerization of lactones usingpentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2011,49(17):3769-3777.
[64] Kakuchi R., Tsuji Y., Chiba K., et al. Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization ofδ-Valerolactone Using Triflylimide as an Efficient Cationic Organocatalyst [J].Macromolecules,2010,43(17):7090-7094.
[65] Coady D.J., Horn H.W., Jones G.O., et al. Polymerizing Base Sensitive CyclicCarbonates Using Acid Catalysis [J]. ACS Macro Letters,2013,2(4):306-312.
[66] Makiguchi K., Kikuchi S., Satoh T., et al. Synthesis of block and end-functionalizedpolyesters by triflimide-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone,1,5-dioxepan-2-one, and rac-lactide [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2013,51(11):2455-2463.
[67] Susperregui N., Delcroix D., Martin-Vaca B., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization ofε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Sulfonic Acids: Computational Evidence for BifunctionalActivation [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2010,75(19):6581-6587.
[68] Makiguchi K., Satoh T., Kakuchi T. Diphenyl Phosphate as an Efficient CationicOrganocatalyst for Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of δ-Valerolactoneand ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2011,44(7):1999-2005.
[69] Makiguchi K., Ogasawara Y., Kikuchi S., et al. Diphenyl Phosphate as an EfficientAcidic Organocatalyst for Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization ofTrimethylene Carbonates Leading to Block, End-Functionalized, and MacrocyclicPolycarbonates [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(5):1772-1782.
[70] Zhou X., Hong L.Z. Controlled ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters withphosphoric acid as catalysts [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci.,2013,291(9):2155-2162.
[71] Kan S., Jin Y., He X., et al. Imidodiphosphoric acid as a bifunctional catalyst for thecontrolled ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone [J]. Polym.Chem.,2013,4(21):5432-5439.
[72] Chen J., Kan S., Xia H., et al. Phosphoramidic acid catalyzed controlled/livingring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate [J]. Polymer,2013,54(16):4177-4182.
[73] Kricheldorf H.R., Lomadze N., Schwarz G. Cyclic Polylactides by Imidazole-CatalyzedPolymerization of l-Lactide [J]. Macromolecules,2008,41(21):7812-7816.
[74] Kricheldorf H.R., Lomadze N., Schwarz G. Cyclic Poly(thioglycolide) andPoly(d,l-thiolactide) by Zwitterionic Polymerization of Dithiolane-2,4-diones [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(14):4859-4864.
[75] Riva R., Rieger J., Jerome R., et al. Heterograft copolymers of poly(epsilon-caprolactone)prepared by combination of ATRA "grafting onto" and ATRP "grafting from"processes [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2006,44(20):6015-6024.
[76] Thillaye du Boullay O., Marchal E., Martin-Vaca B., et al. An Activated Equivalent ofLactide toward Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128(51):16442-16443.
[77] Thillaye du Boullay O., Bonduelle C., Martin-Vaca B., et al. Functionalized polyestersfrom organocatalyzed ROP of gluOCA, the O-carboxyanhydride derived from glutamicacid [J]. Chem. Commun.,2008,15:1786-1788.
[78] Trimaille T., M ller M., Gurny R. Synthesis and ring-opening polymerization of newmonoalkyl-substituted lactides [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2004,42(17):4379-4391.
[79] Bonduelle C., Martín-Vaca B., Cossío F.P., et al. Monomer versus Alcohol Activation inthe4-Dimethylaminopyridine-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide andLactic O-Carboxylic Anhydride [J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2008,14(17):5304-5312.
[80] Myers M., Connor E.F., Glauser T., et al. Phosphines: Nucleophilic organic catalysts forthe controlled ring-opening polymerization of lactides [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem.,2002,40(7):844-851.
[81] Anthony J., Arduengo I. Looking for Stable Carbenes: The Difficulty in Starting Anew[J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,1999,32(11):913-921.
[82] Didier B., Guerre O., Gabba F.P., et al. Stable Carbenes [J]. Chem. Rev.,2000,100(1):39-91.
[83] Herrmann W.A., K cher C. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1997,36(20):2162-2187.
[84] Herrmann W.A. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A New Concept in Organometallic Catalysis[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2002,41(8):1290-1309.
[85] Weskamp T., Schattenmann W.C., Spiegler M., et al. A Novel Class of RutheniumCatalysts for Olefin Metathesis [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1998,37(18):2490-2493.
[86] Stetter H. Catalyzed Addition of Aldehydes to Activated Double Bonds-A New SyntheticApproach [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1976,15(11):639-647.
[87] Sheehan J.C., Hunneman D.H. Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis [J]. J. Am. Chem.Soc.,1966,88(15):3666-3667.
[88] Connor E.F., Nyce G.W., Myers M., et al. First Example of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes asCatalysts for Living Polymerization: Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization ofCyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2002,124(6):914-915.
[89] Nyce G.W., Lamboy J.A., Connor E.F., et al. Expanding the Catalytic Activity ofNucleophilic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Transesterification Reactions [J]. Org. Lett.,2002,4(21):3587-3590.
[90] Grasa G.A., Kissling R.M., Nolan S.P. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Versatile NucleophilicCatalysts for Transesterification/Acylation Reactions [J]. Org. Lett.,2002,4(21):3583-3586.
[91] Nyce G.W., Glauser T., Connor E.F., et al. In Situ Generation of Carbenes: A General andVersatile Platform for Organocatalytic Living Polymerization [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(10):3046-3056.
[92] Dove A.P., Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., et al. N-Heterocyclic carbenes: Effectiveorganic catalysts for living polymerization [J]. Polymer,2006,47(11):4018-4025.
[93] Lohmeijer B.G.G., Dubois G., Leibfarth F., et al. Organocatalytic Living Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Cyclic Carbosiloxanes [J]. Org. Lett,2006,8(21):4683-4686.
[94] Nederberg F., Trang V., Pratt R.C., et al. New Ground for Organic Catalysis: ARing-Opening Polymerization Approach to Hydrogels [J]. Biomacromolecules,2007,8(11):3294-3297.
[95] Rodriguez M., Marrot S., Kato T., et al. Catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbenes inring opening polymerization of cyclic siloxanes [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2007,692(4):705-708.
[96] Raynaud J., Absalon C., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Induced ZwitterionicRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Direct Synthesis ofα,ω-Difunctionalized Poly(ethylene oxide)s and Poly(ethyleneoxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(9):3201-3209.
[97] Brown H.A., Waymouth R.M. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization for theSynthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2013,46(11):2585-2596.
[98] Kamber N.E., Jeong W., Gonzalez S., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for theOrganocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2009,42(5):1634-1639.
[99] Culkin D.A., Jeong W., Csihony S., et al. Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide toCyclic Poly(Lactide) by Using N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts [J]. Angew.Chem.,2007,119(15):2681-2684.
[100] Kolomeitsev A.A., Koppel I.A., Rodima T., et al. Guanidinophosphazenes: Design,synthesis, and basicity in THF and in the gas phase [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2005,127(50):17656-17666.
[101] Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Long D.A., et al. Triazabicyclodecene: A SimpleBifunctional Organocatalyst for Acyl Transfer and Ring-Opening Polymerization ofCyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128(14):4556-4557.
[102] Lohmeijer B.G.G., Pratt R.C., Leibfarth F., et al. Guanidine and AmidineOrganocatalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2006,39(25):8574-8583.
[103] Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Long D.A., et al. Exploration, Optimization, andApplication of Supramolecular Thiourea-Amine Catalysts for the Synthesis of Lactide(Co)polymers [J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(23):7863-7871.
[104] Heldebrant D.J., Jessop P.G., Thomas C.A., et al. The Reaction of1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) with Carbon Dioxide [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2005,70(13):5335-5338.
[105] Schreiner P.R. Metal-free organocatalysis through explicit hydrogen bondinginteractions [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2003,32(5):289-296.
[106] Hoashi Y., Okino T., Takemoto Y. Enantioselective Michael Addition to α,β-UnsaturatedImides Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Organocatalyst [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2005,44(26):4032-4035.
[107] Okino T., Hoashi Y.,Takemoto Y. Enantioselective Michael Reaction of Malonates toNitroolefins Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(42):12672-12673.
[108] Dove A.P., Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., et al. Thiourea-Based BifunctionalOrganocatalysis: Supramolecular Recognition for Living Polymerization [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,2005,127(40):13798-13799.
[109] Koeller S., Kadota J., Deffieux A., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-LactideEfficiently Triggered by an Amido-Indole. X-ray Structure of a Complex betweenl-Lactide and the Hydrogen-Bonding Organocatalyst [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(42):15088-15089.
[110]Pratt R.C., Nederberg F., Waymouth R.M., et al. Tagging alcohols with cyclic carbonate:a versatile equivalent of (meth)acrylate for ring-opening polymerization [J]. Chem.Commun.,2008,1:114–116.
[111] Nederberg F., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Leibfarth F., et al. Organocatalytic Ring OpeningPolymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate [J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,8(1):153-160.
[112] Kaljurand I., Kütt A., Soov li L., et al. Extension of the Self-ConsistentSpectrophotometric Basicity Scale in Acetonitrile to a Full Span of28pKa Units:Unification of Different Basicity Scales [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2005,70(3):1019-1028.
[113] Kiesewetter M.K., Scholten M.D., Kirn N., et al. Cyclic Guanidine Organic Catalysts:What Is Magic About Triazabicyclodecene?[J]. J. Org. Chem.,2009,74(24):9490-9496.
[114] Schwesinger R., Schlemper H., Hasenfratz C., et al. Extremely Strong, UnchargedAuxiliary Bases; Monomeric and Polymer-Supported Polyaminophosphazenes (P2–P5)[J]. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,1996,1996(7):1055-1081.
[115] Schwesinger R., Willaredt J., Schlemper H., et al. Novel, Very Strong, UnchargedAuxiliary Bases; Design and Synthesis of Monomeric and Polymer-BoundTriaminoiminophosphorane Bases of Broadly Varied Steric Demand [J]. Chem. Ber.,1994,127(12):2435-2454.
[116] Schwesinger R., Hasenfratz C., Schlemper H., et al. How Strong and How HinderedCan Uncharged Phosphazene Bases Be?[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1993,32(9):1361-1363.
[117] Schwesinger R., Schlemper H. Peralkylated Polyaminophosphazenes-Extremely Strong,Neutral Nitrogen Bases [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1987,26(11):1167-1169.
[118] Zhang L., Nederberg F., Pratt R.C., et al. Phosphazene Bases: A New Category ofOrganocatalysts for the Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(12):4154-4158.
[119] Schlaad H., Kukula H., Rudloff J., et al. Synthesis of α,ω-HeterobifunctionalPoly(ethylene glycol)s by Metal-Free Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization [J].Macromolecules,2001,34(13):4302-4304.
[120] Rexin O., Mülhaupt R. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide in thepresence of phosphonium catalysts [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(7):864-873.
[121] Al-Azemi T.F., Bisht K.S. One-step synthesis of polycarbonates bearing pendantcarboxyl groups by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization [J]. J. Polym. Sci.,Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(9):1267-1274.
[122] Al-Azemi T.F., Bisht K.S. Novel Functional Polycarbonate by Lipase-CatalyzedRing-Opening Polymerization of5-Methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one [J].Macromolecules,1999,32(20):6536-6540.
[123] Zhao J.P., Pahovnik D., Gnanou Y., et al. Phosphazene-Promoted Metal-FreeRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide Initiated by Carboxylic Acid [J].Macromolecules,2014,47(5):1693-1698.
[124] Zhao J.P., Alamri H., Hadjichristidis N. A facile metal-free "grafting-from" route fromacrylamide-based substrate toward complex macromolecular combs [J]. Chem.Commun.,2013,49(63):7079-7081.
[125] Zhao J.P., Schlaad H., Weidner S., et al. Synthesis of terpene-poly(ethylene oxide)s byt-BuP4-promoted anionic ring-opening polymerization [J]. Polym. Chem.,2012,3(7):1763-1768.
[126] Boileau S., Illy N. Activation in anionic polymerization: Why phosphazene bases arevery exciting promoters?[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2011,36(9):1132-1151.
[127] De Winter J., Coulembier O., Gerbaux P., et al. High Molecular WeightPoly(α,α′,β-trisubstituted β-lactones) As Generated by Metal-Free PhosphazeneCatalysts [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(24):10291-10296.
[128] Brintzinger H.H., Fischer D., Mülhaupt R., et al. Stereospecific Olefin Polymerizationwith Chiral Metallocene Catalysts [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1995,34(11):1143-1170.
[129] Jensen T.R., Breyfogle L.E., Hillmyer M.A., et al. Stereoelective polymerization ofd,l-lactide using N-heterocyclic carbene based compounds [J]. Chem. Commun.,2004,21:2504-2505.
[130] Stork G., Niu D., Fujimoto A., et al. The First Stereoselective Total Synthesis ofQuinine [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2001,123(14):3239-3242.
[131] A. M. Thakur K., T. Kean R., A. M. Thakur K., et al. An alternative interpretation of theHETCOR NMR spectra of poly(lactide)[J]. Chem. Commun.,1998,17:1913-1914.
[132] Chisholm M.H., Patmore N.J., Zhou Z. Concerning the relative importance ofenantiomorphic site vs. chain end control in the stereoselective polymerization oflactides: reactions of (R,R-salen)-and (S,S-salen)-aluminium alkoxides LAlOCH2Rcomplexes (R=CH3and S-CHMeCl)[J]. Chem. Commun.,2005,1:127-129.
[133] Dove A.P., Li H., Pratt R.C., et al. Stereoselective polymerization of rac-andmeso-lactide catalyzed by sterically encumbered N-heterocyclic carbenes [J]. Chem.Commun,2006,27:2881-2883.
[134] Zhang L., Nederberg F., Messman J.M., et al. Organocatalytic StereoselectiveRing-Opening Polymerization of Lactide with Dimeric Phosphazene Bases [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,2007,129(42):12610-12611.
[135] Stassin F., Jér me R. Polymerization of (L,L)-lactide and copolymerization withε-caprolactone initiated by dibutyltin dimethoxide in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2005,43(13):2777-2789.
[136] Wahlberg J., Persson P.V., Olsson T., et al. Structural Characterization of aLipase-Catalyzed Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and d,l-Lactide [J].Biomacromolecules,2003,4(4):1068-1071.
[137] Parrish B., Quansah J.K., Emrick T. Functional polyesters prepared by polymerizationof α-allyl(valerolactone) and its copolymerization with ε-caprolactone andδ-valerolactone [J]. J. Polym. Sci., PartA: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(12):1983-1990.
[138] Kricheldorf H.R., Bornhorst K., Hachmann-Thiessen H. Bismuth(III) n-Hexanoate andTin(II)2-Ethylhexanoate Initiated Copolymerizations of ε-Caprolactone and l-Lactide[J]. Macromolecules,2005,38(12):5017-5024.
[139] Guo L., Zhang D. Cyclic Poly(α-peptoid)s and Their Block Copolymers fromN-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerizations of N-SubstitutedN-Carboxylanhydrides [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(50):18072-18074.
[140] Jeong W., Hedrick J.L., Waymouth R.M. Organic Spirocyclic Initiators for theRing-Expansion Polymerization of β-Lactones [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2007,129(27):8414-8415.
[141] Misaka H., Kakuchi R., Zhang C., et al. Synthesis of Well-Defined MacrocyclicPoly(δ-valerolactone) by “Click Cyclization [J]. Macromolecules,2009,42(14):5091-5096.
[142] Tezuka Y., Ohtsuka T., Adachi K., et al. A Defect-Free Ring Polymer: Size-ControlledCyclic Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Consisting Exclusively of the Monomer Unit [J].Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2008,29(14):1237-1241.
[143] Mülhaupt R. Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio-based Plastics: Dreams and Reality [J].Macromol. Chem. Phys.,2013,214(2):159-174.
[144] Miller S.A. Sustainable Polymers: Opportunities for the Next Decade [J]. ACS MacroLetters,2013,2(6):550-554.
[145] Hutmacher D.W. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage [J]. Biomaterials,2000,21(24):2529-2543.
[146] Mohanty A.K., Misra M., Hinrichsen G. Biofibres, biodegradable polymers andbiocomposites: An overview [J]. Macromol. Mater. Eng.,2000,276-277(1):1-24.
[147] Lee K.Y., Mooney D.J. Hydrogels for tissue engineering [J]. Chem. Rev.,2001,101(7):1869-1879.
[148] Panyam J., Labhasetwar V. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery tocells and tissue [J]. Adv. Drug Del. Rev.,2003,55(3):329-347.
[149] Nair L.S., Laurencin C.T. Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials [J]. Prog. Polym.Sci.,2007,32(8-9):762-798.
[150] Tian H.Y., Tang Z.H., Zhuang X.L., et al. Biodegradable synthetic polymers:Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2012,37(2):237-280.
[151] Jerome C., Lecomte P. Recent advances in the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters byring-opening polymerization [J]. Adv. Drug Del. Rev.,2008,60(9):1056-1076.
[152] Vert M. Aliphatic Polyesters: Great Degradable Polymers That Cannot Do Everything[J]. Biomacromolecules,2004,6(2):538-546.
[153] Sinha Ray S. Polylactide-Based Bionanocomposites: A Promising Class of HybridMaterials [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2012,45(10):1710-1720.
[154] Rasal R.M., Janorkar A.V., Hirt D.E. Poly(lactic acid) modifications [J]. Prog. Polym.Sci.,2010,35(3):338-356.
[155] He B., Bei J., Wang S. Synthesis and characterization of a functionalized biodegradablecopolymer: poly(l-lactide-co-RS-β-malic acid)[J]. Polymer,2003,44(4):989-994.
[156] Kimura Y., Shirotani K., Yamane H., et al. Ring-opening polymerization of3(S)-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione: a new route to apoly(alpha-hydroxy acid) with pendant carboxyl groups [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(11):3338-3340.
[157] Gerhardt W.W., Noga D.E., Hardcastle K.I., et al. Functional Lactide Monomers:Methodology and Polymerization [J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,7(6):1735-1742.
[158] Guerin P., Vert M., Braud C., et al. Optically active poly (β-malic acid)[J]. Polym.Bull.,1985,14(2):187-192.
[159] He B., Wan Y., Bei J., et al. Synthesis and cell affinity of functionalizedpoly(l-lactide-co-β-malic acid) with high molecular weight [J]. Biomaterials,2004,25(22):5239-5247.
[160] Trollsas M., Lee V.Y., Mecerreyes D., et al. Hydrophilic Aliphatic Polyesters: Design,Synthesis, and Ring-Opening Polymerization of Functional Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2000,33(13):4619-4627.
[161] Fietier I., Borgne A.L., Spassky N. Synthesis of functional polyesters derived fromserine [J]. Polym. Bull,1990,24(6):349-353.
[162] Lenoir S., Riva R., Lou X., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization ofα-Chloro-ε-caprolactone and Chemical Modification of Poly(α-chloro-ε-caprolactone)by Atom Transfer Radical Processes [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(11):4055-4061.
[163] Mecerreyes D., Atthoff B., Boduch K.A., et al. Unimolecular Combination of an AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization Initiator and a Lactone Monomer as a Route to NewGraft Copolymers [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(16):5175-5182.
[164] Tian D., Dubois P., Jér me R. Macromolecular engineering of polylactones andpolylactides.22. Copolymerization of [epsilon]-caprolactone and1,4,8-trioxaspiro [4.6]-9-undecanone initiated by aluminum isopropoxide [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2575-2581.
[165] Tian D., Dubois P., Grandfils C., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of1,4,8-Trioxaspiro[4.6]-9-undecanone: A New Route to Aliphatic Polyesters BearingFunctional Pendent Groups [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(3):406-409.
[166] Tian D., Halleux O., Dubois P., et al. Poly(2-oxepane-1,5-dione) A Highly CrystallineModified Poly(ε-caprolactone) of a High Melting Temperature [J]. Macromolecules,1998,31(3):924-927.
[167] Tian D., Dubois P., Jér me R. Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones andPolylactides.23. Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable and BiocompatibleHomopolymers and Block Copolymers Based on1,4,8-Trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone[J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(7):1947-1954.
[168] Stassin F., Halleux O., Dubois P., et al. Ring opening copolymerization ofε-caprolactone, γ-(triethylsilyloxy)-ε-caprolactone and γ-ethylene ketal-ε-caprolactone:a route to hetero-graft copolyesters [J]. Macromolecular Symposia,2000,153(1):27-39.
[169] Mecerreyes D., Humes J., Miller R.D., et al. First example of an unsymmetricaldifunctional monomer polymerizable by two living/controlled methods [J]. Macromol.Rapid Comm.,2000,21(11):779-784.
[170] Bizzarri R., Chiellini F., Solaro R., et al. Synthesis and Characterization of NewMalolactonate Polymers and Copolymers for Biomedical Applications [J].Macromolecules,2002,35(4):1215-1223.
[171] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Lecomte P., et al. Living Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization of6,7-Dihydro-2(5H)-oxepinone into Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters [J].Macromolecules,2001,34(17):5806-5811.
[172] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Lecomte P., et al. Controlled synthesis and chemicalmodification of unsaturated aliphatic (Co)polyesters based on6,7-dihydro-2(3H)-oxepinone [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(14):2286-2297.
[173] in't Veld P.J.A., Dijkstra P.J., Feijen J. Synthesis of biodegradable polyesteramides withpendant functional groups [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1992,193(11):2713-2730.
[174] Rokicki G. Aliphatic cyclic carbonates and spiroorthocarbonates as monomers [J]. Prog.Polym. Sci.,2000,25(2):259-342.
[175] Tryznowski M., Tomczyk K., Fra Z., et al. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polycarbonates:Synthesis, Characterization, and Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide [J].Macromolecules,2012,45(17):6819-6829.
[176] Feng J., Zhuo R.X., Zhang X.Z. Construction of functional aliphatic polycarbonates forbiomedical applications [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2012,37(2):211-236.
[177] Spanagel E.W., Carothers W.H. Macrocyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1935,57(5):929-934.
[178] Liu Z.L., Zhou Y., Zhuo R.X. Synthesis and properties of functional aliphaticpolycarbonates [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2003,41(24):4001-4006.
[179] Sanda F., Kamatani J., Endo T. Synthesis and Anionic Ring-Opening PolymerizationBehavior of Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic Carbonates [J]. Macromolecules,2001,34(6):1564-1569.
[180] Auner N., Probst R., Hahn F., et al. Compounds with High Coordination Numbers atSilicon: Models for the Investigation of the Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction atSilicon Centers. Organosilicon Chemistry I [M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience,2008:165-166.
[181] Chen X., McCarthy S.P., Gross R.A. Synthesis, Modification, and Characterization ofl-Lactide/2,2-[2-Pentene-1,5-diyl]trimethylene Carbonate Copolymers [J].Macromolecules,1998,31(3):662-668.
[182] Lu C., Shi Q., Chen X., et al. Sugars-grafted aliphatic biodegradablepoly(L-lactide-co-carbonate)s by click reaction and their specific interaction with lectinmolecules [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2007,45(15):3204-3217.
[183] He F., Wang Y.P., Liu G., et al. Synthesis, characterization and ring-openingpolymerization of a novel six-membered cyclic carbonate bearing pendent allyl ethergroup [J]. Polymer,2008,49(5):1185-1190.
[184] Zhou Y., Zhuo R.X., Liu Z.L. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel AliphaticPoly(carbonate-ester)s with Functional Pendent Groups [J]. Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2005,26(16):1309-1314.
[185] Shen Y., Chen X., Gross R.A. Aliphatic Polycarbonates with Controlled Quantities ofd-Xylofuranose in the Main Chain [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(12):3891-3897.
[186] Wang X.L., Zhuo R.X., Liu L.J., et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel aliphaticpolycarbonates [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(1):70-75.
[187] Yang J., Hao Q., Liu X., et al. Novel Biodegradable Aliphatic Poly(butylenesuccinate-co-cyclic carbonate)s with Functionalizable Carbonate Building Blocks.1.Chemical Synthesis and Their Structural and Physical Characterization [J].Biomacromolecules,2003,5(1):209-218.
[188] Guan H., Xie Z., Tang Z., et al. Preparation of block copolymer of ε-caprolactone and2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate [J]. Polymer,2005,46(8):2817-2824.
[189] Zhang X., Cai M., Zhong Z., et al. A water-soluble polycarbonate with dimethylaminopendant groups prepared by enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization [J].Macromol. Rapid Commun.,2012,33(8):693-697.
[190] Uhrich K.E., Cannizzaro S.M., Langer R.S., et al. Polymeric systems for controlleddrug release [J]. Chem. Rev.,1999,99(11):3181-3198.
[191]Sudesh K., Abe H., Doi Y. Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates:biological polyesters [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2000,25(10):1503-1555.
[192] Gil E.S., Hudson S.M. Stimuli-reponsive polymers and their bioconjugates [J]. Prog.Polym. Sci.,2004,29(12):1173-1222.
[193] Abbah S.A., Lam C.X.L., Hutmacher D.W., et al. Biological performance of apolycaprolactone-based scaffold used as fusion cage device in a large animal model ofspinal reconstructive surgery [J]. Biomaterials,2009,30(28):5086-5093.
[194] Zander N.E., Orlicki J.A., Rawlett A.M., et al. Quantification of Protein Incorporatedinto Electrospun Polycaprolactone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds [J]. ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces,2012,4(4):2074-2081.
[195] Zheng M., Librizzi D., K l A., et al. Enhancing in vivo circulation and siRNA deliverywith biodegradable polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethyleneglycol) copolymers [J]. Biomaterials,2012,33(27):6551-6558.
[196] Mahmud A., Xiong X.B., Lavasanifar A. Novel Self-Associating Poly(ethyleneoxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers with Functional Side Groups onthe Polyester Block for Drug Delivery [J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(26):9419-9428.
[197] Prime E.L., Cooper-White J.J., Qiao G.G. Coupling Hydrophilic Amine-ContainingMolecules to the Backbone of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)[J]. Aust. J. Chem.,2006,59(8):534-538.
[198] Zhu Y., Gao C., Liu X., et al. Surface Modification of Polycaprolactone Membrane viaAminolysis and Biomacromolecule Immobilization for Promoting Cytocompatibility ofHuman Endothelial Cells [J]. Biomacromolecules,2002,3(6):1312-1319.
[199] Yang H.J., Xu J.B., Pispas S., et al. Hybrid Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone andMethyl Methacrylate [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(8):3312-3317.
[200] Yang H.J., Zhao J.P., Yan M.Q., et al. Nylon3synthesized by ring openingpolymerization with a metal-free catalyst[J]. Polym. Chem.,2011,2(12):2888-2892.
[201] Groenewolt M., Brezesinski T., Schlaad H., et al. Polyisobutylene-block-Poly(ethyleneoxide) for Robust Templating of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Materials [J]. Adv. Mater.,2005,17(9):1158-1162.
[202] Zhao J.P., Mountrichas G., Zhang G.Z., et al. AmphiphilicPolystyrene-b-poly(p-hydroxystyrene-g-ethylene oxide) Block-Graft Copolymers via aCombination of Conventional and Metal-Free Anionic Polymerization [J].Macromolecules,2009,42(22):8661-8668.
[203] Qin J., Jiang X., Gao L., et al. Functional Polymeric Nanoobjects by Cross-LinkingBulk Self-Assemblies of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[J].Macromolecules,2010,43(19):8094-8100.
[204] Lim K.T., Webber S.E., Johnston K.P. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Poly[alkyl (meth)acrylic acid] Block Copolymers [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(9):2811-2815.
[205] Rodahl M., Hook F., Krozer A., et al. Quartz-crystal microbalance setup for frequencyand Q-factor measurements in gaseous and liquid environments [J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum.,1995,66(7):3924-3930.
[206] Daikhin L., Michael Urbakh. Influence of surface roughness on the quartz crystalmicrobalance response in a solution New configuration for QCM studies [J]. FaradayDiscuss.,1997,107:27-38.
[207] Hou Y., Chen J., Sun P.J., et al. In situ investigations on enzymatic degradation ofpoly(ε-caprolactone)[J]. Polymer,2007,48(21):6348-6353.
[208] Warzelhan V., H cker H., Schulz G.V. The anionic polymerization of methylmethacrylate with a bifunctional initiator [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1980,181(1):149-163.
[209]Schappacher M., Fur N., Guillaume S.M. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Poly(caprolactone)AB and ABA Block Copolymers by Combined Ring-Opening Polymerization and AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization [J]. Macromolecules,2007,40(25):8887-8896.
[210] Lee J.Y., Painter P.C., Coleman M.M. Hydrogen bonding in polymer blends.3. Blendsinvolving polymers containing methacrylic acid and ether groups [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(2):346-354.
[211] Fox T.G., Flory. P.J. Second-Order Transition Temperatures and Related Properties ofPolystyrene. I. Influence of Molecular Weight [J]. J. App. Phys.,1950,21(6):581-591.
[212] Brandrup J., Immergut E.H., Grulke E.A. Polymer Handbook [M].4th. ed. New York:Wiley Interscience,1975:747.
[213] Grant D.H., Grassie N. The thermal decomposition of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)[J].Polymer,1960,1(0):445-455.
[214] Persenaire O., Alexandre M., Degée P., et al. Mechanisms and Kinetics of ThermalDegradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone)[J]. Biomacromolecules,2001,2(1):288-294.
[215] Lai J.H. Thermal behavior of random copolymers of methacrylic acid and tert-butylmethacrylate [J]. Macromolecules,1984,17(5):1010-1012.
[216] Ito H., Ueda M. Thermolysis and photochemical acidolysis of selectedpolymethacrylates [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(5):1475-1482.
[217] Lucklum R., Hauptmann P. Transduction mechanism of acoustic-wave based chemicaland biochemical sensors [J]. Meas. Sci. Technol.,2003,14(11):1854-1859.
[218] Gan Z.H., Fung J.T., Jing X.B., et al. A novel laser light-scattering study of enzymaticbiodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles [J]. Polymer,1999,40(8):1961-1967.
[219] Voinova M.V., Rodahl M., Jonson M., et al. Viscoelastic Acoustic Response of LayeredPolymer Films at Fluid-Solid Interfaces: Continuum Mechanics Approach [J]. Phys.Scr.,1999,59(5):391-396.
[220] Pitt G.G., Gratzl M.M., Kimmel G.L., et al. Aliphatic polyesters II. The degradation ofpoly (DL-lactide), poly (ε-caprolactone), and their copolymers in vivo [J]. Biomaterials,1981,2(4):215-220.
[221] Liu X., Tian Z., Chen C., et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Brush-Shaped HybridInorganic/Organic Polymers Based on Polyphosphazenes [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(3):1417-1426.
[222] Meyers S.R., Grinstaff M.W. Biocompatible and bioactive surface modifications forprolonged in vivo efficacy [J]. Chem. Rev.,2012,112(3):1615-1632.
[223] Zhang G.Z., Ma C.F., Xu L.G., et al. Degradable Polyurethane for MarineAnti-biofouling [J]. J. Mater. Chem. B,2013,1(24):3099-3106.
[224] Prime K.L., Whitesides G.M. Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containingend-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): a model system using self-assembled monolayers[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1993,115(23):10714-10721.
[225] Xu J.B., Yang H.J., Zhang G.Z. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone-co-methacrylic acid)Copolymer via Phosphazene-Catalyzed Hybrid Copolymerization [J]. Macromol. Chem.Phys.,2013,214(3):378-385.
[226] Backes M., Messager L., Mourran A., et al. Synthesis and Thermal Properties ofWell-Defined Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on Polyglycidol [J].Macromolecules,2010,43(7):3238-3248.
[227] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application toproliferation and cytotoxicity assays [J]. J. Immunol. Methods,1983,65(1):55-63.
[228] Allen C., Han J., Yu Y., et al. Polycaprolactone-b-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymermicelles as a delivery vehicle for dihydrotestosterone [J]. J. Control. Release,2000,63(3):275-286.
[229] Papadimitriou S.A., Papageorgiou G.Z., Bikiaris D.N. Crystallization and enzymaticdegradation of novel poly(ε-caprolactone-co-propylene succinate) copolymers [J]. Eur.Polym. J.,2008,44(7):2356-2366.
[230] Kulkarni A., Reiche J., Hartmann J., et al. Selective enzymatic degradation ofpoly(ε-caprolactone) containing multiblock copolymers [J]. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.,2008,68(1):46-56.
[231] Dai W.F., Zhu J.Y., Shangguan A.Y., et al. Synthesis, characterization and degradabilityof the comb-type poly(4-hydroxyl-epsilon-caprolactone-co-epsilon-caprolactone)-g-poly(L-lactide)[J]. Eur. Polym. J.,2009,45(6):1659-1667.
[232] Peng H., Ling J., Liu J., et al. Controlled enzymatic degradation ofpoly(-caprolactone)-based copolymers in the presence of porcine pancreatic lipase [J].Polym. Degrad. Stab.,2010,95(4):643-650.
[233] Marten E., Müller R.J., Deckwer W.D. Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis ofpolyesters. II. Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters [J]. Polym. Degrad. Stab.,2005,88(3):371-381.
[234] Burkersroda F.V., Schedl L., G pferich A. Why degradable polymers undergo surfaceerosion or bulk erosion [J]. Biomaterials,2002,23(21):4221-4231.
[235] Tamada J.A., Langer R. Erosion kinetics of hydrolytically degradable polymers [J].Proc. Nadl. Acad. Sci.,1993,90(3):552-556.
[236] G pferich A. Polymer Bulk Erosion [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2598-2604.
[237] Gopferich A., Langer R. Modeling of polymer erosion [J]. Macromolecules,1993,26(16):4105-4112.
[238] Siu M., Liu H.Y., Zhu X.X., et al. Formation of Mesoglobular Phase of AmphiphilicCopolymer Chains in Dilute Solution: Effect of Comonomer Composition [J].Macromolecules,2003,36(6):2103-2107.
[239] Noda T., Hashidzume A., Morishima Y. Micelle Formation of Random Copolymers ofSodium2-(Acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate and a Nonionic SurfactantMacromonomer in Water As Studied by Fluorescence and Dynamic Light Scattering [J].Macromolecules,2000,33(10):3694-3704.
[240] Choksakulnimitr S., Masuda S., Tokuda H., et al. In vitro cytotoxicity ofmacromolecules in different cell culture systems [J]. J. Control. Release,1995,34(3):233-241.
[241] Brash J.L. Exploiting the current paradigm of blood-material interactions for therational design of blood-compatible materials [J]. J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed.,2000,11(11):1135-1146.
[242] Hatakeyama E.S., Ju H., Gabriel C.J., et al. New protein-resistant coatings for waterfiltration membranes based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium polymers [J]. J.Membr. Sci.,2009,330(1):104-116.
[243] Pavithra D., Mukesh D. Biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion and host response onpolymeric implants-issues and prevention [J]. Biomed. Mater.,2008,3(3):034003(13pp).
[244] Wisniewski N., Reichert M. Methods for reducing biosensor membrane biofouling [J].Colloids Surf. B,2000,18(3):197-219.
[245] Kenawy E.R., Worley S.D., Broughton R. The Chemistry and Applications ofAntimicrobial Polymers: A State-of-the-Art Review [J]. Biomacromolecules,2007,8(5):1359-1384.
[246] Briand J.F. Marine antifouling laboratory bioassays: an overview of their diversity [J].Biofouling,2009,25(4):297-311.
[247] Ma C.F., Yang H.J., Zhou X., et al. Polymeric material for anti-biofouling [J]. ColloidsSurf. B,2012,100(1):31-35.
[248] Zhao T., Chen H., Zheng J., et al. Inhibition of protein adsorption and cell adhesion onPNIPAAm-grafted polyurethane surface: Effect of graft molecular weight [J]. ColloidsSurf. B,2011,85(1):26-31.
[249] Hucknall A., Rangarajan S., Chilkoti A. In Pursuit of Zero: Polymer Brushes that Resistthe Adsorption of Proteins [J]. Adv. Mater.,2009,21(23):2441-2446.
[250] Page K., Wilson M., Parkin I.P. Antimicrobial surfaces and their potential in reducingthe role of the inanimate environment in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections[J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2009,19(23):3819-3831.
[251] Tsapikouni T.S., Missirlis Y.F. Protein-material interactions: From micro-to-nanoscale [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. B,2008,152(1-3):2-7.
[252] Ma H., Hyun J., Stiller P., et al.“Non-Fouling” Oligo(ethylene glycol)-FunctionalizedPolymer Brushes Synthesized by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer RadicalPolymerization [J]. Adv. Mater.,2004,16(4):338-341.
[253] Prime K., Whitesides G. Self-assembled organic monolayers: model systems forstudying adsorption of proteins at surfaces [J]. Science,1991,252(5009):1164-1167.
[254] Zhou G.Y., Ma C.F., Zhang G.Z. Synthesis of polyurethane-g-poly(ethylene glycol)copolymers by macroiniferter and their protein resistance [J]. Polym. Chem.,2011,2(6):1409-1414.
[255] Oh J.K., Siegwart D.J., Lee H.I., et al. Biodegradable Nanogels Prepared by AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization as Potential Drug Delivery Carriers: Synthesis,Biodegradation, in Vitro Release, and Bioconjugation [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2007,129(18):5939-5945.
[256] Lutz J.F., Andrieu J., üzgün S., et al. Biocompatible, Thermoresponsive, andBiodegradable: Simple Preparation of “All-in-One” Biorelevant Polymers [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(24):8540-8543.
[257] McArthur S.L., McLean K.M., Kingshott P., et al. Effect of polysaccharide structure onprotein adsorption [J]. Colloids Surf. B,2000,17(1):37-48.
[258] Johnell M., Larsson R., Siegbahn A. The influence of different heparin surfaceconcentrations and antithrombin-binding capacity on inflammation and coagulation [J].Biomaterials,2005,26(14):1731-1739.
[259] Zhang Z., Chen S., Jiang S. Dual-Functional Biomimetic Materials: NonfoulingPoly(carboxybetaine) with Active Functional Groups for Protein Immobilization [J].Biomacromolecules,2006,7(12):3311-3315.
[260] Lalani R., Liu L. Electrospun Zwitterionic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) forNonadherent, Superabsorbent, and Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Applications [J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(6):1853-1863.
[261] Jiang S., Cao Z. Ultralow-Fouling, Functionalizable, and Hydrolyzable ZwitterionicMaterials and Their Derivatives for Biological Applications [J]. Adv. Mater.,2010,22(9):920-932.
[262] Dilly S.J., Beecham M.P., Brown S.P., et al. Novel Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfaces ThatResist Nonspecific Protein Adsorption [J]. Langmuir,2006,22(19):8144-8150.
[263] Lim J.M., Yi G.R., Moon J.H., et al. Superhydrophobic Films of Electrospun Fiberswith Multiple-Scale Surface Morphology [J]. Langmuir,2007,23(15):7981-7989.
[264] Yabu H., Shimomura M. Single-Step Fabrication of Transparent SuperhydrophobicPorous Polymer Films [J]. Chem. Mater.,2005,17(21):5231-5234.
[265] Kim Y.D., Dordick J.S., Clark D.S. Siloxane-based biocatalytic films and paints for useas reactive coatings [J]. Biotechnol. Bioeng.,2001,72(4):475-482.
[266] Kim J., Delio R., Dordick J.S. Protease-Containing Silicates as Active AntifoulingMaterials [J]. Biotechnol. Prog.,2002,18(3):551-555.
[267] Auras R., Harte B., Selke S. An Overview of Polylactides as Packaging Materials [J].Macromol. Biosci.,2004,4(9):835-864.
[268] Agrawal C.M., Ray R.B. Biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissueengineering [J]. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.,2001,55(2):141-150.
[269] Black F.E., Hartshorne M., Davies M.C., et al. Surface Engineering and SurfaceAnalysis of a Biodegradable Polymer with Biotinylated End Groups [J]. Langmuir,1999,15(9):3157-3161.
[270] Zhang Z., Ni J., Chen L., et al. Biodegradable and thermoreversible PCLA–PEG–PCLAhydrogel as a barrier for prevention of post-operative adhesion [J]. Biomaterials,2011,32(21):4725-4736.
[271] Hu D.S.G., Liu H.J., Pan I.L. Inhibition of bovine serum albumin adsorption bypoly(ethylene glycol) soft segment in biodegradable poly(ethyleneglycol)/poly(L-lactide) copolymers [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,1993,50(8):1391-1396.
[272] Tu Q., Wang J.C., Liu R., et al. Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-andsulfobetaine-conjugated zwitterionic poly(L-lactide) and assay of its antifoulingproperties [J]. Colloids Surf. B,2013,102(1):331-340.
[273] Samarajeewa S., Shrestha R., Li Y., et al. Degradability of Poly(LacticAcid)-Containing Nanoparticles: Enzymatic Access through a Cross-Linked ShellBarrier [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,134(2):1235-1242.
[274] Yamashita K., Kikkawa Y., Kurokawa K., et al. Enzymatic Degradation ofPoly(l-lactide) Film by Proteinase K: Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Atomic ForceMicroscopy Study [J]. Biomacromolecules,2005,6(2):850-857.
[275] H k F., Kasemo B., Nylander T., et al. Variations in Coupled Water, ViscoelasticProperties, and Film Thickness of a Mefp-1Protein Film during Adsorption andCross-Linking: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring,Ellipsometry, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Study [J]. Anal. Chem.,2001,73(24):5796-5804.
[276] Liu J.T., Chen C.J., Ikoma T., et al. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor with highanti-fouling ability for the detection of cardiac marker troponin T [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.,2011,703(1):80-86.
[277] Fukuzaki H., Yoshida M., Asano M., et al. Synthesis of copoly(d,l-lactic acid) withrelatively low molecular weight and in vitro degradation [J]. Eur. Polym. J.,1989,25(10):1019-1026.
[278] Tsuji H., Ikarashi K. In vitro hydrolysis of poly(l-lactide) crystalline residues asextended-chain crystallites. Part I: long-term hydrolysis in phosphate-buffered solutionat37°C [J]. Biomaterials,2004,25(24):5449-5455.
[279] Ishizone T., Han S., Okuyama S., et al. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymethacrylatesby Living Anionic Polymerization of Trialkylsilyl-Protected Oligo(ethylene glycol)Methacrylates [J]. Macromolecules,2003,36(1):42-49.
[280] Wang C.H., Fan K.R., Hsiue G.H. Enzymatic degradation of PLLA-PEOz-PLLAtriblock copolymers [J]. Biomaterials,2005,26(16):2803-2811.
[281] Tsuji H., Miyauchi S. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poly(lactide)s: Effects of MolecularWeight, l-Lactide Content, and Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric Polymer Blending[J]. Biomacromolecules,2001,2(2):597-604.
[282] Jeon S.I., Lee J.H., Andrade J.D., et al. Protein-surface interactions in the presence ofpolyethylene oxide: I. Simplified theory [J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci.,1991,142(1):149-158.
[283] Israelachvili J., Wennerstrom H. Role of hydration and water structure in biological andcolloidal interactions [J]. Nature,1996,379(6562):219-225.
[284] Malmstr m J., Agheli H., Kingshott P., et al. Viscoelastic Modeling of Highly HydratedLaminin Layers at Homogeneous and Nanostructured Surfaces: Quantification ofProtein Layer Properties Using QCM-D and SPR [J]. Langmuir,2007,23(19):9760-9768.
[285] Brown H.A., De Crisci A.G., Hedrick J.L., et al. Amidine-Mediated ZwitterionicPolymerization of Lactide [J]. ACS Macro Letters,2012,1(9):1113-1115.
[286] Bouyahyi M., Pepels M.P.F., Heise A., et al. ω-Pentandecalactone Polymerization andω-Pentadecalactone/ε-Caprolactone Copolymerization Reactions Using OrganicCatalysts [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(8):3356-3366.
[287] Fevre M., Pinaud J., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) asorganocatalysts and structural components in metal-free polymer synthesis [J]. Chem.Soc. Rev.,2013,42(5):2142-2172.
[288] Zhao J.P., Schlaad H. Controlled Anionic Graft Polymerization of Ethylene OxideDirectly from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)[J]. Macromolecules,2011,44(15):5861-5864.
[289] Mountrichas G., Mantzaridis C., Pispas S. Well-Defined Flexible Polyelectrolytes withTwo Cationic Sites per Monomeric Unit [J]. Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2006,27(4):289-294.
[290] Baidya M., Mayr H. Nucleophilicities and carbon basicities of DBU and DBN [J].Chem. Commun.,2008,15:1792-1794.
[291] Coady D.J., Fukushima K., Horn H.W., et al. Catalytic insights into acid/baseconjugates: highly selective bifunctional catalysts for the ring-opening polymerizationof lactide [J]. Chem. Commun.,2011,47(11):3105-3107.
[292] Kamber N.E., Jeong W., Waymouth R.M., et al. Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerization [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5813-5840.
[293] Martello M.T., Burns A., Hillmyer M. Bulk Ring-Opening TransesterificationPolymerization of the Renewable δ-Decalactone Using an Organocatalyst [J]. ACSMacro Letters,2012,1(1):131-135.
[294] Brzezińska K., Szymański R., Kubisa P., et al. Activated monomer mechanism incationic polymerization,1. Ethylene oxide, formulation of mechanism [J]. Macrol.Rapid Commu.,1986,7(1):1-4.
[295] Shibasaki Y., Sanda F., Endo T. Activated monomer cationic polymerization of1,3-dioxepan-2-one initiated by water-hydrogen chloride [J]. Macrol. Rapid Commu.,1999,20(10):532-535.
[296] Speers A.E., Adam G.C., Cravatt B.F. Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Vivo Using aCopper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne [3+2] Cycloaddition [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(16):4686-4687.
[297] Adamus G., Hakkarainen M., H glund A., et al. MALDI-TOF MS Reveals theMolecular Level Structures of Different Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Polyether-esters [J].Biomacromolecules,2009,10(6):1540-1546.
[298] Yang H.J., Yan M.Q., Pispas S., et al. Synthesis of Poly[(ethylenecarbonate)-co-(ethylene oxide)] Copolymer by Phosphazene-Catalyzed ROP [J].Macromol. Chem. Phys.,2011,212(23):2589-2593.
[299] Pepels M.P.F., Hansen M.R., Goossens H., et al. From Polyethylene to Polyester:Influence of Ester Groups on the Physical Properties [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(19):7668-7677.
[300] Brown H.A., Chang Y.A., Waymouth R.M. Zwitterionic polymerization to generatehigh molecular weight cyclic poly(carbosiloxane)s [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2013,135(50):18738-18741.
[301] Zhao J.P, Mountrichas G., Zhang G.Z., et al. Thermoresponsive Core-Shell BrushCopolymers with Poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) Side Chains via a“Grafting from” Technique [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(4):1771-1777.
[302] Dechy-Cabaret O., Martin-Vaca B., Bourissou D. Controlled Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Lactide and Glycolide [J]. Chem. Rev.,2004,104(12):6147-6176.
[303] MacDonald R.T., Pulapura S.K., Svirkin Y.Y., et al. Enzyme-Catalyzedepsilon-Caprolactone Ring-Opening Polymerization [J]. Macromolecules,1995,28(1):73-78.
[304] Brocas A.L., Mantzaridis C., Tunc D., et al. Polyether synthesis: From activated ormetal-free anionic ring-opening polymerization of epoxides to functionalization [J].Prog. Polym. Sci.,2013,38(6):845-873.
[305] Kostjuk S.V., Ganachaud F. Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in Solution andAqueous Suspension Using B(C6F5)3as a Water-Tolerant Lewis Acid [J].Macromolecules,2006,39(9):3110-3113.
[306] Kostjuk S.V., Ganachaud F. Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in AqueousMedia: From Monofunctional Oligomers to Long-Lived Polymer Chains [J]. Acc.Chem. Res.,2009,43(3):357-367.
[307] Kostjuk S.V., Radchenko A.V., Ganachaud F. Controlled cationic polymerization ofcyclopentadiene with B(C6F5)3as a coinitiator in the presence of water [J]. J. Polym.Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2008,46(14):4734-4747.
[308] Kostjuk S.V., Radchenko A.V., Ganachaud F. Controlled/Living CationicPolymerization of p-Methoxystyrene in Solution and Aqueous Dispersion UsingTris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a Lewis Acid: Acetonitrile Does the Job [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(3):482-490.
[309] Kanazawa A., Kanaoka S., Aoshima S. Concurrent cationic vinyl-addition andring-opening copolymerization using B(C6F5)3as a catalyst: copolymerization of vinylethers and isobutylene oxide via crossover propagation reactions [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2013,135(25):9330-9333.
[2] Westheimer F.H. Coincidences, decarboxylation, and electrostatic effects [J]. Tetrahedron,1995,51(1):3-20.
[3] Hamilton G.A., Westheimer F.H. On the mechanism of the enzymatic decarboxylation ofacetoacetate [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1959,81(23):6332-6333.
[4] DeTar D.F., Westheimer F.H. The Role of Thiamin in Carboxylase [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1959,81(1):175-178.
[5] Breslow R. On the Mechanism of Thiamine Action. IV.1Evidence from Studies on ModelSystems [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1958,80(14):3719-3726.
[6] Grondal C., Jeanty M., Enders D. Organocatalytic cascade reactions as a new tool in totalsynthesis [J]. Nat. Chem.,2010,2(3):167-178.
[7] Bertelsen S., Jorgensen K.A. Organocatalysis-after the gold rush [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38(8):2178-2189.
[8] Hanessian S., Auzzas L. The Practice of Ring Constraint in Peptidomimetics UsingBicyclic and Polycyclic Amino Acids [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2008,41(10):1241-1251.
[9] McGarrigle E.M., Myers E.L., Illa O., et al. Chalcogenides as Organocatalysts [J]. Chem.Rev.,2007,107(12):5841-5883.
[10] List B. Introduction: Organocatalysis [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5413-5415.
[11] Erkkil A., Majander I., Pihko P.M. Iminium Catalysis [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5416-5470.
[12] Notz W., Tanaka F., Barbas C.F. Enamine-Based Organocatalysis with Proline andDiamines: The Development of Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol, Mannich, Michael,and Diels-Alder Reactions [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2004,37(8):580-591.
[13] Flory P.J. A Comparison of Esterification and Ester Interchange Kinetics [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,1940,62(9):2261-2264.
[14] Odian G. Principle of polymerization [M].4th ed. New York: Wiley Interscience,2004:436-443.
[15] Cronin J.P., Pepper D.C. Zwitterionic polymerization of butyl cyanoacrylate bytriphenylphosphine and pyridine [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1988,189(1):85-102.
[16] Némethy G., Scheraga H.A. Structure of Water and Hydrophobic Bonding in Proteins.I. A Model for the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Water [J]. J. Chem.Phys.,1962,36(12):3382-3400.
[17] Beste L.F., Hall H.K. Kinetics of Ring-Opening and Vinyl Polymerizations withoutTermination Reactions [J]. J. Phy. Chem.,1964,68(2):269-274.
[18] Penczek S., Cypryk M., Duda A., et al. Living ring-opening polymerizations ofheterocyclic monomers [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2007,32(2):247-282.
[19] Xiao C.S., Wang Y.C., Du J.Z., et al. Kinetics and Mechanism of2-Ethoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane Polymerization Initiated by Stannous Octoate[J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(20):6825-6831.
[20] Wen J., Kim G.J.A., Leong K.W. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-ethyl ethylene phosphate)s as newdrug carriers [J]. J. Control. Release,2003,92(1-2):39-48.
[21] Bouyahyi M., Duchateau R. Metal-Based Catalysts for Controlled Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Macrolactones: High Molecular Weight and Well-DefinedCopolymer Architectures [J]. Macromolecules,2014,47(2):517-524.
[22] Degirmenci M., Acikses A., Genli N. Cyclohexene Oxide Mid-Chain FunctionalMacromonomer of Poly(ε-caprolactone): Synthesis, Characterization, andPhotoinitiated Cationic Homo-and Copolymerization [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,2011,123(5):2567-2573.
[23] Babasola O.I., Amsden B.G. Surface Eroding, Liquid Injectable Polymers Based on5-Ethylene Ketal ε-Caprolactone [J]. Biomacromolecules,2011,12(10):3423-3431.
[24] Labet M., Thielemans W. Synthesis of polycaprolactone: a review [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2009,38(12):3484-3504.
[25] Pospiech D., Komber H., Jehnichen D., et al. Multiblock Copolymers of l-Lactide andTrimethylene Carbonate [J]. Biomacromolecules,2004,6(1):439-446.
[26] Kricheldorf H.R. Syntheses and application of polylactides [J]. Chemosphere,2001,43(1):49-54.
[27] Kricheldorf H.R., Kreiser-Saunders I., Stricker A. Polylactones48. SnOct2-InitiatedPolymerizations of Lactide: A Mechanistic Study [J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(3):702-709.
[28] Kricheldorf H.R., Sun S.J., Gerken A., et al. Polymers of Carbonic Acid.22. CholestericPolycarbonates Derived from (S)-((2-Methylbutyl)thio)hydroquinone or Isosorbide [J].Macromolecules,1996,29(25):8077-8082.
[29] Kricheldorf H.R., Sumbel M.V., Kreiser-Saunders I. Polylactones.20. Polymerization ofε-caprolactone with tributyltin derivatives: a mechanistic study [J]. Macromolecules,1991,24(8):1944-1949.
[30] Kricheldorf H.R., Berl M., Scharnagl N. Poly(lactones).9. Polymerization mechanism ofmetal alkoxide initiated polymerizations of lactide and various lactones [J].Macromolecules,1988,21(2):286-293.
[31] Drumright R.E., Gruber P.R., Henton D.E. Polylactic Acid Technology [J]. Adv. Mater.,2000,12(23):1841-1846.
[32] Platel R.H., Hodgson L.M., Williams C.K. Biocompatible Initiators for LactidePolymerization [J]. Polym. Rev.,2008,48(1):11-63.
[33] Kricheldorf H.R. Syntheses of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymers by Means ofBismuth Catalysts [J]. Chem. Rev.,2009,109(11):5579-5594.
[34] Kiesewetter M.K., Shin E.J., Hedrick J.L., et al. Organocatalysis Opportunities andChallenges for Polymer Synthesis [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(5):2093-2107.
[35] Raynaud J., Absalon C., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-OrganocatalyzedRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide in the Presence of Alcohols orTrimethylsilyl Nucleophiles as Chain Moderators for the Synthesis ofα,ω-Heterodifunctionalized Poly(ethylene oxide)s [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(6):2814-2823.
[36] Nederberg F., Connor E.F., M ller M., et al. New Paradigms for Organic Catalysts: TheFirst Organocatalytic Living Polymerization [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2001,40(14):2712-2715.
[37] Jeong W., Shin E.J., Culkin D.A., et al. Zwitterionic Polymerization: A Kinetic Strategyfor the Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic Polylactide [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(13):4884-4891.
[38] Kricheldorf H.R., Damrau D.O. Polylactones,37. Polymerizations of L-lactide initiatedwith Zn(II) L-lactate and other resorbable Zn salts [J]. Macromol. Chem. Phys.,1997,198(6):1753-1766.
[39] Kricheldorf H.R., Boettcher C. Polylactones26. Lithium alkoxide-initiatedpolymerizations of L-lactide [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1993,194(6):1665-1669.
[40] Kricheldorf H.R. Polypeptides and100Years of Chemistry of α-Amino AcidN-Carboxyanhydrides [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2006,45(35):5752-5784.
[41] Chuma A., Horn H.W., Swope W.C., et al. The Reaction Mechanism for theOrganocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactide Using a Guanidine-BasedCatalyst: Hydrogen-Bonded or Covalently Bound?[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2008,130(21):6749-6754.
[42] Lai C.L., Lee H.M., Hu C.H. Theoretical study on the mechanism of N-heterocycliccarbene catalyzed transesterification reactions [J]. Tetrahedron Lett.,2005,46(37):6265-6270.
[43] Kubisa P., Penczek S. Cationic activated monomer polymerization of heterocyclicmonomers [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,1999,24(10):1409-1437.
[44] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Jér me R. Living Cationic Polymerization of δ-Valerolactoneand Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Homopolymer and Asymmetric Telechelic andBlock Copolymer [J]. Macromolecules,2002,35(4):1190-1195.
[45] Shibasaki Y., Sanada H., Yokoi M., et al. Activated Monomer Cationic Polymerization ofLactones and the Application to Well-Defined Block Copolymer Synthesis withSeven-Membered Cyclic Carbonate [J]. Macromolecules,2000,33(12):4316-4320.
[46] Kim M.S., Seo K.S., Khang G., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone byPoly(ethylene glycol) by an Activated Monomer Mechanism [J]. Macromol. RapidComm.,2005,26(8):643-648.
[47] Liu J.Y., Liu L.J. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Initiated by NaturalAmino Acids [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(8):2674-2676.
[48] Xie D.L., Jiang B., Yang C.Z. Study on the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by hydroxyl acids [J]. Acta. Polym. Sin.,2000,1(5):532-537.
[49] Sanda F., Sanada H., Shibasaki Y., et al. Star Polymer Synthesis from ε-CaprolactoneUtilizing Polyol/Protonic Acid Initiator [J]. Macromolecules,2002,35(3):680-683.
[50] Casas J., Persson P.V., Iversen T., et al. Direct Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerizations of Lactones [J]. Adv. Synth. Catal.,2004,346(9-10):1087-1089.
[51] Yu Z.J., Liu L.J., Zhuo R.X. Microwave-improved polymerization of ε-caprolactoneinitiated by carboxylic acids [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2003,41(1):13-21.
[52] Lee R.S., Li H.R., Yang J.M., et al. Synthesis of biodegradablepoly(trans-4-hydroxy-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-proline)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)copolymers and micellar characterizations [J]. Polymer,2005,46(24):10718-10726.
[53] Persson P.V., Schr der J., Wickholm K., et al. Selective Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerization: A Versatile Route to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Poly(ε-caprolactones)[J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(16):5889-5893.
[54] Labet M., Thielemans W. Citric acid as a benign alternative to metal catalysts for theproduction of cellulose-grafted-polycaprolactone copolymers [J]. Polym. Chem.,2012,3(3):679-684.
[55] Kricheldorf H.R., Dunsing R. Polylactones,8. Mechanism of the cationic polymerizationof L,L-dilactide [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1986,187(7):1611-1625.
[56] Bourissou D., Martin-Vaca B., Dumitrescu A., et al. Controlled Cationic Polymerizationof Lactide [J]. Macromolecules,2005,38(24):9993-9998.
[57] Ba ko M., Kubisa P. Polyester oligodiols by cationic AM copolymerization ofL,L-lactide and ε-caprolactone initiated by diols [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem.,2007,45(14):3090-3097.
[58] Ba ko M., Kubisa P. Cationic copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and L,L-lactide by anactivated monomer mechanism [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2006,44(24):7071-7081.
[59] Wilson B.C., Jones C.W. A Recoverable, Metal-Free Catalyst for the GreenPolymerization of ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(26):9709-9714.
[60] Couffin A., Delcroix D., Martín-Vaca B., et al. Mild and Efficient Preparation of Blockand Gradient Copolymers by Methanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Caprolactone and Trimethylene Carbonate [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(11):4354-4360.
[61] Gazeau-Bureau S.P., Delcroix D., Martín-Vaca B., et al. Organo-Catalyzed ROP ofε-Caprolactone: Methanesulfonic Acid Competes with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid [J].Macromolecules,2008,41(11):3782-3784.
[62] Oshimura M., Tang T., Takasu A. Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone usingperfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluoroalkanesulfonimides as organic catalysts [J]. J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2011,49(5):1210-1218.
[63] Makiguchi K., Satoh T., Kakuchi T. Synthesis of various end-functionalized polyestersby controlled/living ring-opening polymerization of lactones usingpentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2011,49(17):3769-3777.
[64] Kakuchi R., Tsuji Y., Chiba K., et al. Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization ofδ-Valerolactone Using Triflylimide as an Efficient Cationic Organocatalyst [J].Macromolecules,2010,43(17):7090-7094.
[65] Coady D.J., Horn H.W., Jones G.O., et al. Polymerizing Base Sensitive CyclicCarbonates Using Acid Catalysis [J]. ACS Macro Letters,2013,2(4):306-312.
[66] Makiguchi K., Kikuchi S., Satoh T., et al. Synthesis of block and end-functionalizedpolyesters by triflimide-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone,1,5-dioxepan-2-one, and rac-lactide [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2013,51(11):2455-2463.
[67] Susperregui N., Delcroix D., Martin-Vaca B., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization ofε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Sulfonic Acids: Computational Evidence for BifunctionalActivation [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2010,75(19):6581-6587.
[68] Makiguchi K., Satoh T., Kakuchi T. Diphenyl Phosphate as an Efficient CationicOrganocatalyst for Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of δ-Valerolactoneand ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2011,44(7):1999-2005.
[69] Makiguchi K., Ogasawara Y., Kikuchi S., et al. Diphenyl Phosphate as an EfficientAcidic Organocatalyst for Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization ofTrimethylene Carbonates Leading to Block, End-Functionalized, and MacrocyclicPolycarbonates [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(5):1772-1782.
[70] Zhou X., Hong L.Z. Controlled ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters withphosphoric acid as catalysts [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci.,2013,291(9):2155-2162.
[71] Kan S., Jin Y., He X., et al. Imidodiphosphoric acid as a bifunctional catalyst for thecontrolled ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone [J]. Polym.Chem.,2013,4(21):5432-5439.
[72] Chen J., Kan S., Xia H., et al. Phosphoramidic acid catalyzed controlled/livingring-opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate [J]. Polymer,2013,54(16):4177-4182.
[73] Kricheldorf H.R., Lomadze N., Schwarz G. Cyclic Polylactides by Imidazole-CatalyzedPolymerization of l-Lactide [J]. Macromolecules,2008,41(21):7812-7816.
[74] Kricheldorf H.R., Lomadze N., Schwarz G. Cyclic Poly(thioglycolide) andPoly(d,l-thiolactide) by Zwitterionic Polymerization of Dithiolane-2,4-diones [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(14):4859-4864.
[75] Riva R., Rieger J., Jerome R., et al. Heterograft copolymers of poly(epsilon-caprolactone)prepared by combination of ATRA "grafting onto" and ATRP "grafting from"processes [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2006,44(20):6015-6024.
[76] Thillaye du Boullay O., Marchal E., Martin-Vaca B., et al. An Activated Equivalent ofLactide toward Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128(51):16442-16443.
[77] Thillaye du Boullay O., Bonduelle C., Martin-Vaca B., et al. Functionalized polyestersfrom organocatalyzed ROP of gluOCA, the O-carboxyanhydride derived from glutamicacid [J]. Chem. Commun.,2008,15:1786-1788.
[78] Trimaille T., M ller M., Gurny R. Synthesis and ring-opening polymerization of newmonoalkyl-substituted lactides [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2004,42(17):4379-4391.
[79] Bonduelle C., Martín-Vaca B., Cossío F.P., et al. Monomer versus Alcohol Activation inthe4-Dimethylaminopyridine-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide andLactic O-Carboxylic Anhydride [J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2008,14(17):5304-5312.
[80] Myers M., Connor E.F., Glauser T., et al. Phosphines: Nucleophilic organic catalysts forthe controlled ring-opening polymerization of lactides [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem.,2002,40(7):844-851.
[81] Anthony J., Arduengo I. Looking for Stable Carbenes: The Difficulty in Starting Anew[J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,1999,32(11):913-921.
[82] Didier B., Guerre O., Gabba F.P., et al. Stable Carbenes [J]. Chem. Rev.,2000,100(1):39-91.
[83] Herrmann W.A., K cher C. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1997,36(20):2162-2187.
[84] Herrmann W.A. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A New Concept in Organometallic Catalysis[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2002,41(8):1290-1309.
[85] Weskamp T., Schattenmann W.C., Spiegler M., et al. A Novel Class of RutheniumCatalysts for Olefin Metathesis [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1998,37(18):2490-2493.
[86] Stetter H. Catalyzed Addition of Aldehydes to Activated Double Bonds-A New SyntheticApproach [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1976,15(11):639-647.
[87] Sheehan J.C., Hunneman D.H. Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis [J]. J. Am. Chem.Soc.,1966,88(15):3666-3667.
[88] Connor E.F., Nyce G.W., Myers M., et al. First Example of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes asCatalysts for Living Polymerization: Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization ofCyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2002,124(6):914-915.
[89] Nyce G.W., Lamboy J.A., Connor E.F., et al. Expanding the Catalytic Activity ofNucleophilic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Transesterification Reactions [J]. Org. Lett.,2002,4(21):3587-3590.
[90] Grasa G.A., Kissling R.M., Nolan S.P. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Versatile NucleophilicCatalysts for Transesterification/Acylation Reactions [J]. Org. Lett.,2002,4(21):3583-3586.
[91] Nyce G.W., Glauser T., Connor E.F., et al. In Situ Generation of Carbenes: A General andVersatile Platform for Organocatalytic Living Polymerization [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(10):3046-3056.
[92] Dove A.P., Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., et al. N-Heterocyclic carbenes: Effectiveorganic catalysts for living polymerization [J]. Polymer,2006,47(11):4018-4025.
[93] Lohmeijer B.G.G., Dubois G., Leibfarth F., et al. Organocatalytic Living Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Cyclic Carbosiloxanes [J]. Org. Lett,2006,8(21):4683-4686.
[94] Nederberg F., Trang V., Pratt R.C., et al. New Ground for Organic Catalysis: ARing-Opening Polymerization Approach to Hydrogels [J]. Biomacromolecules,2007,8(11):3294-3297.
[95] Rodriguez M., Marrot S., Kato T., et al. Catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbenes inring opening polymerization of cyclic siloxanes [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2007,692(4):705-708.
[96] Raynaud J., Absalon C., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Induced ZwitterionicRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Direct Synthesis ofα,ω-Difunctionalized Poly(ethylene oxide)s and Poly(ethyleneoxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(9):3201-3209.
[97] Brown H.A., Waymouth R.M. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization for theSynthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2013,46(11):2585-2596.
[98] Kamber N.E., Jeong W., Gonzalez S., et al. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for theOrganocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone [J]. Macromolecules,2009,42(5):1634-1639.
[99] Culkin D.A., Jeong W., Csihony S., et al. Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide toCyclic Poly(Lactide) by Using N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts [J]. Angew.Chem.,2007,119(15):2681-2684.
[100] Kolomeitsev A.A., Koppel I.A., Rodima T., et al. Guanidinophosphazenes: Design,synthesis, and basicity in THF and in the gas phase [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2005,127(50):17656-17666.
[101] Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Long D.A., et al. Triazabicyclodecene: A SimpleBifunctional Organocatalyst for Acyl Transfer and Ring-Opening Polymerization ofCyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2006,128(14):4556-4557.
[102] Lohmeijer B.G.G., Pratt R.C., Leibfarth F., et al. Guanidine and AmidineOrganocatalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2006,39(25):8574-8583.
[103] Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Long D.A., et al. Exploration, Optimization, andApplication of Supramolecular Thiourea-Amine Catalysts for the Synthesis of Lactide(Co)polymers [J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(23):7863-7871.
[104] Heldebrant D.J., Jessop P.G., Thomas C.A., et al. The Reaction of1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) with Carbon Dioxide [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2005,70(13):5335-5338.
[105] Schreiner P.R. Metal-free organocatalysis through explicit hydrogen bondinginteractions [J]. Chem. Soc. Rev.,2003,32(5):289-296.
[106] Hoashi Y., Okino T., Takemoto Y. Enantioselective Michael Addition to α,β-UnsaturatedImides Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Organocatalyst [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,2005,44(26):4032-4035.
[107] Okino T., Hoashi Y.,Takemoto Y. Enantioselective Michael Reaction of Malonates toNitroolefins Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(42):12672-12673.
[108] Dove A.P., Pratt R.C., Lohmeijer B.G.G., et al. Thiourea-Based BifunctionalOrganocatalysis: Supramolecular Recognition for Living Polymerization [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,2005,127(40):13798-13799.
[109] Koeller S., Kadota J., Deffieux A., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-LactideEfficiently Triggered by an Amido-Indole. X-ray Structure of a Complex betweenl-Lactide and the Hydrogen-Bonding Organocatalyst [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(42):15088-15089.
[110]Pratt R.C., Nederberg F., Waymouth R.M., et al. Tagging alcohols with cyclic carbonate:a versatile equivalent of (meth)acrylate for ring-opening polymerization [J]. Chem.Commun.,2008,1:114–116.
[111] Nederberg F., Lohmeijer B.G.G., Leibfarth F., et al. Organocatalytic Ring OpeningPolymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate [J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,8(1):153-160.
[112] Kaljurand I., Kütt A., Soov li L., et al. Extension of the Self-ConsistentSpectrophotometric Basicity Scale in Acetonitrile to a Full Span of28pKa Units:Unification of Different Basicity Scales [J]. J. Org. Chem.,2005,70(3):1019-1028.
[113] Kiesewetter M.K., Scholten M.D., Kirn N., et al. Cyclic Guanidine Organic Catalysts:What Is Magic About Triazabicyclodecene?[J]. J. Org. Chem.,2009,74(24):9490-9496.
[114] Schwesinger R., Schlemper H., Hasenfratz C., et al. Extremely Strong, UnchargedAuxiliary Bases; Monomeric and Polymer-Supported Polyaminophosphazenes (P2–P5)[J]. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,1996,1996(7):1055-1081.
[115] Schwesinger R., Willaredt J., Schlemper H., et al. Novel, Very Strong, UnchargedAuxiliary Bases; Design and Synthesis of Monomeric and Polymer-BoundTriaminoiminophosphorane Bases of Broadly Varied Steric Demand [J]. Chem. Ber.,1994,127(12):2435-2454.
[116] Schwesinger R., Hasenfratz C., Schlemper H., et al. How Strong and How HinderedCan Uncharged Phosphazene Bases Be?[J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1993,32(9):1361-1363.
[117] Schwesinger R., Schlemper H. Peralkylated Polyaminophosphazenes-Extremely Strong,Neutral Nitrogen Bases [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1987,26(11):1167-1169.
[118] Zhang L., Nederberg F., Pratt R.C., et al. Phosphazene Bases: A New Category ofOrganocatalysts for the Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(12):4154-4158.
[119] Schlaad H., Kukula H., Rudloff J., et al. Synthesis of α,ω-HeterobifunctionalPoly(ethylene glycol)s by Metal-Free Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization [J].Macromolecules,2001,34(13):4302-4304.
[120] Rexin O., Mülhaupt R. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide in thepresence of phosphonium catalysts [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(7):864-873.
[121] Al-Azemi T.F., Bisht K.S. One-step synthesis of polycarbonates bearing pendantcarboxyl groups by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization [J]. J. Polym. Sci.,Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(9):1267-1274.
[122] Al-Azemi T.F., Bisht K.S. Novel Functional Polycarbonate by Lipase-CatalyzedRing-Opening Polymerization of5-Methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one [J].Macromolecules,1999,32(20):6536-6540.
[123] Zhao J.P., Pahovnik D., Gnanou Y., et al. Phosphazene-Promoted Metal-FreeRing-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide Initiated by Carboxylic Acid [J].Macromolecules,2014,47(5):1693-1698.
[124] Zhao J.P., Alamri H., Hadjichristidis N. A facile metal-free "grafting-from" route fromacrylamide-based substrate toward complex macromolecular combs [J]. Chem.Commun.,2013,49(63):7079-7081.
[125] Zhao J.P., Schlaad H., Weidner S., et al. Synthesis of terpene-poly(ethylene oxide)s byt-BuP4-promoted anionic ring-opening polymerization [J]. Polym. Chem.,2012,3(7):1763-1768.
[126] Boileau S., Illy N. Activation in anionic polymerization: Why phosphazene bases arevery exciting promoters?[J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2011,36(9):1132-1151.
[127] De Winter J., Coulembier O., Gerbaux P., et al. High Molecular WeightPoly(α,α′,β-trisubstituted β-lactones) As Generated by Metal-Free PhosphazeneCatalysts [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(24):10291-10296.
[128] Brintzinger H.H., Fischer D., Mülhaupt R., et al. Stereospecific Olefin Polymerizationwith Chiral Metallocene Catalysts [J]. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,1995,34(11):1143-1170.
[129] Jensen T.R., Breyfogle L.E., Hillmyer M.A., et al. Stereoelective polymerization ofd,l-lactide using N-heterocyclic carbene based compounds [J]. Chem. Commun.,2004,21:2504-2505.
[130] Stork G., Niu D., Fujimoto A., et al. The First Stereoselective Total Synthesis ofQuinine [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2001,123(14):3239-3242.
[131] A. M. Thakur K., T. Kean R., A. M. Thakur K., et al. An alternative interpretation of theHETCOR NMR spectra of poly(lactide)[J]. Chem. Commun.,1998,17:1913-1914.
[132] Chisholm M.H., Patmore N.J., Zhou Z. Concerning the relative importance ofenantiomorphic site vs. chain end control in the stereoselective polymerization oflactides: reactions of (R,R-salen)-and (S,S-salen)-aluminium alkoxides LAlOCH2Rcomplexes (R=CH3and S-CHMeCl)[J]. Chem. Commun.,2005,1:127-129.
[133] Dove A.P., Li H., Pratt R.C., et al. Stereoselective polymerization of rac-andmeso-lactide catalyzed by sterically encumbered N-heterocyclic carbenes [J]. Chem.Commun,2006,27:2881-2883.
[134] Zhang L., Nederberg F., Messman J.M., et al. Organocatalytic StereoselectiveRing-Opening Polymerization of Lactide with Dimeric Phosphazene Bases [J]. J. Am.Chem. Soc.,2007,129(42):12610-12611.
[135] Stassin F., Jér me R. Polymerization of (L,L)-lactide and copolymerization withε-caprolactone initiated by dibutyltin dimethoxide in supercritical carbon dioxide [J]. J.Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2005,43(13):2777-2789.
[136] Wahlberg J., Persson P.V., Olsson T., et al. Structural Characterization of aLipase-Catalyzed Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and d,l-Lactide [J].Biomacromolecules,2003,4(4):1068-1071.
[137] Parrish B., Quansah J.K., Emrick T. Functional polyesters prepared by polymerizationof α-allyl(valerolactone) and its copolymerization with ε-caprolactone andδ-valerolactone [J]. J. Polym. Sci., PartA: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(12):1983-1990.
[138] Kricheldorf H.R., Bornhorst K., Hachmann-Thiessen H. Bismuth(III) n-Hexanoate andTin(II)2-Ethylhexanoate Initiated Copolymerizations of ε-Caprolactone and l-Lactide[J]. Macromolecules,2005,38(12):5017-5024.
[139] Guo L., Zhang D. Cyclic Poly(α-peptoid)s and Their Block Copolymers fromN-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerizations of N-SubstitutedN-Carboxylanhydrides [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2009,131(50):18072-18074.
[140] Jeong W., Hedrick J.L., Waymouth R.M. Organic Spirocyclic Initiators for theRing-Expansion Polymerization of β-Lactones [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2007,129(27):8414-8415.
[141] Misaka H., Kakuchi R., Zhang C., et al. Synthesis of Well-Defined MacrocyclicPoly(δ-valerolactone) by “Click Cyclization [J]. Macromolecules,2009,42(14):5091-5096.
[142] Tezuka Y., Ohtsuka T., Adachi K., et al. A Defect-Free Ring Polymer: Size-ControlledCyclic Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Consisting Exclusively of the Monomer Unit [J].Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2008,29(14):1237-1241.
[143] Mülhaupt R. Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio-based Plastics: Dreams and Reality [J].Macromol. Chem. Phys.,2013,214(2):159-174.
[144] Miller S.A. Sustainable Polymers: Opportunities for the Next Decade [J]. ACS MacroLetters,2013,2(6):550-554.
[145] Hutmacher D.W. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage [J]. Biomaterials,2000,21(24):2529-2543.
[146] Mohanty A.K., Misra M., Hinrichsen G. Biofibres, biodegradable polymers andbiocomposites: An overview [J]. Macromol. Mater. Eng.,2000,276-277(1):1-24.
[147] Lee K.Y., Mooney D.J. Hydrogels for tissue engineering [J]. Chem. Rev.,2001,101(7):1869-1879.
[148] Panyam J., Labhasetwar V. Biodegradable nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery tocells and tissue [J]. Adv. Drug Del. Rev.,2003,55(3):329-347.
[149] Nair L.S., Laurencin C.T. Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials [J]. Prog. Polym.Sci.,2007,32(8-9):762-798.
[150] Tian H.Y., Tang Z.H., Zhuang X.L., et al. Biodegradable synthetic polymers:Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2012,37(2):237-280.
[151] Jerome C., Lecomte P. Recent advances in the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters byring-opening polymerization [J]. Adv. Drug Del. Rev.,2008,60(9):1056-1076.
[152] Vert M. Aliphatic Polyesters: Great Degradable Polymers That Cannot Do Everything[J]. Biomacromolecules,2004,6(2):538-546.
[153] Sinha Ray S. Polylactide-Based Bionanocomposites: A Promising Class of HybridMaterials [J]. Acc. Chem. Res.,2012,45(10):1710-1720.
[154] Rasal R.M., Janorkar A.V., Hirt D.E. Poly(lactic acid) modifications [J]. Prog. Polym.Sci.,2010,35(3):338-356.
[155] He B., Bei J., Wang S. Synthesis and characterization of a functionalized biodegradablecopolymer: poly(l-lactide-co-RS-β-malic acid)[J]. Polymer,2003,44(4):989-994.
[156] Kimura Y., Shirotani K., Yamane H., et al. Ring-opening polymerization of3(S)-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione: a new route to apoly(alpha-hydroxy acid) with pendant carboxyl groups [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(11):3338-3340.
[157] Gerhardt W.W., Noga D.E., Hardcastle K.I., et al. Functional Lactide Monomers:Methodology and Polymerization [J]. Biomacromolecules,2006,7(6):1735-1742.
[158] Guerin P., Vert M., Braud C., et al. Optically active poly (β-malic acid)[J]. Polym.Bull.,1985,14(2):187-192.
[159] He B., Wan Y., Bei J., et al. Synthesis and cell affinity of functionalizedpoly(l-lactide-co-β-malic acid) with high molecular weight [J]. Biomaterials,2004,25(22):5239-5247.
[160] Trollsas M., Lee V.Y., Mecerreyes D., et al. Hydrophilic Aliphatic Polyesters: Design,Synthesis, and Ring-Opening Polymerization of Functional Cyclic Esters [J].Macromolecules,2000,33(13):4619-4627.
[161] Fietier I., Borgne A.L., Spassky N. Synthesis of functional polyesters derived fromserine [J]. Polym. Bull,1990,24(6):349-353.
[162] Lenoir S., Riva R., Lou X., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization ofα-Chloro-ε-caprolactone and Chemical Modification of Poly(α-chloro-ε-caprolactone)by Atom Transfer Radical Processes [J]. Macromolecules,2004,37(11):4055-4061.
[163] Mecerreyes D., Atthoff B., Boduch K.A., et al. Unimolecular Combination of an AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization Initiator and a Lactone Monomer as a Route to NewGraft Copolymers [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(16):5175-5182.
[164] Tian D., Dubois P., Jér me R. Macromolecular engineering of polylactones andpolylactides.22. Copolymerization of [epsilon]-caprolactone and1,4,8-trioxaspiro [4.6]-9-undecanone initiated by aluminum isopropoxide [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2575-2581.
[165] Tian D., Dubois P., Grandfils C., et al. Ring-Opening Polymerization of1,4,8-Trioxaspiro[4.6]-9-undecanone: A New Route to Aliphatic Polyesters BearingFunctional Pendent Groups [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(3):406-409.
[166] Tian D., Halleux O., Dubois P., et al. Poly(2-oxepane-1,5-dione) A Highly CrystallineModified Poly(ε-caprolactone) of a High Melting Temperature [J]. Macromolecules,1998,31(3):924-927.
[167] Tian D., Dubois P., Jér me R. Macromolecular Engineering of Polylactones andPolylactides.23. Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable and BiocompatibleHomopolymers and Block Copolymers Based on1,4,8-Trioxa[4.6]spiro-9-undecanone[J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(7):1947-1954.
[168] Stassin F., Halleux O., Dubois P., et al. Ring opening copolymerization ofε-caprolactone, γ-(triethylsilyloxy)-ε-caprolactone and γ-ethylene ketal-ε-caprolactone:a route to hetero-graft copolyesters [J]. Macromolecular Symposia,2000,153(1):27-39.
[169] Mecerreyes D., Humes J., Miller R.D., et al. First example of an unsymmetricaldifunctional monomer polymerizable by two living/controlled methods [J]. Macromol.Rapid Comm.,2000,21(11):779-784.
[170] Bizzarri R., Chiellini F., Solaro R., et al. Synthesis and Characterization of NewMalolactonate Polymers and Copolymers for Biomedical Applications [J].Macromolecules,2002,35(4):1215-1223.
[171] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Lecomte P., et al. Living Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization of6,7-Dihydro-2(5H)-oxepinone into Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters [J].Macromolecules,2001,34(17):5806-5811.
[172] Lou X., Detrembleur C., Lecomte P., et al. Controlled synthesis and chemicalmodification of unsaturated aliphatic (Co)polyesters based on6,7-dihydro-2(3H)-oxepinone [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(14):2286-2297.
[173] in't Veld P.J.A., Dijkstra P.J., Feijen J. Synthesis of biodegradable polyesteramides withpendant functional groups [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1992,193(11):2713-2730.
[174] Rokicki G. Aliphatic cyclic carbonates and spiroorthocarbonates as monomers [J]. Prog.Polym. Sci.,2000,25(2):259-342.
[175] Tryznowski M., Tomczyk K., Fra Z., et al. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polycarbonates:Synthesis, Characterization, and Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide [J].Macromolecules,2012,45(17):6819-6829.
[176] Feng J., Zhuo R.X., Zhang X.Z. Construction of functional aliphatic polycarbonates forbiomedical applications [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2012,37(2):211-236.
[177] Spanagel E.W., Carothers W.H. Macrocyclic Esters [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1935,57(5):929-934.
[178] Liu Z.L., Zhou Y., Zhuo R.X. Synthesis and properties of functional aliphaticpolycarbonates [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2003,41(24):4001-4006.
[179] Sanda F., Kamatani J., Endo T. Synthesis and Anionic Ring-Opening PolymerizationBehavior of Amino Acid-Derived Cyclic Carbonates [J]. Macromolecules,2001,34(6):1564-1569.
[180] Auner N., Probst R., Hahn F., et al. Compounds with High Coordination Numbers atSilicon: Models for the Investigation of the Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction atSilicon Centers. Organosilicon Chemistry I [M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience,2008:165-166.
[181] Chen X., McCarthy S.P., Gross R.A. Synthesis, Modification, and Characterization ofl-Lactide/2,2-[2-Pentene-1,5-diyl]trimethylene Carbonate Copolymers [J].Macromolecules,1998,31(3):662-668.
[182] Lu C., Shi Q., Chen X., et al. Sugars-grafted aliphatic biodegradablepoly(L-lactide-co-carbonate)s by click reaction and their specific interaction with lectinmolecules [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2007,45(15):3204-3217.
[183] He F., Wang Y.P., Liu G., et al. Synthesis, characterization and ring-openingpolymerization of a novel six-membered cyclic carbonate bearing pendent allyl ethergroup [J]. Polymer,2008,49(5):1185-1190.
[184] Zhou Y., Zhuo R.X., Liu Z.L. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel AliphaticPoly(carbonate-ester)s with Functional Pendent Groups [J]. Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2005,26(16):1309-1314.
[185] Shen Y., Chen X., Gross R.A. Aliphatic Polycarbonates with Controlled Quantities ofd-Xylofuranose in the Main Chain [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(12):3891-3897.
[186] Wang X.L., Zhuo R.X., Liu L.J., et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel aliphaticpolycarbonates [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2002,40(1):70-75.
[187] Yang J., Hao Q., Liu X., et al. Novel Biodegradable Aliphatic Poly(butylenesuccinate-co-cyclic carbonate)s with Functionalizable Carbonate Building Blocks.1.Chemical Synthesis and Their Structural and Physical Characterization [J].Biomacromolecules,2003,5(1):209-218.
[188] Guan H., Xie Z., Tang Z., et al. Preparation of block copolymer of ε-caprolactone and2-methyl-2-carboxyl-propylene carbonate [J]. Polymer,2005,46(8):2817-2824.
[189] Zhang X., Cai M., Zhong Z., et al. A water-soluble polycarbonate with dimethylaminopendant groups prepared by enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization [J].Macromol. Rapid Commun.,2012,33(8):693-697.
[190] Uhrich K.E., Cannizzaro S.M., Langer R.S., et al. Polymeric systems for controlleddrug release [J]. Chem. Rev.,1999,99(11):3181-3198.
[191]Sudesh K., Abe H., Doi Y. Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates:biological polyesters [J]. Prog. Polym. Sci.,2000,25(10):1503-1555.
[192] Gil E.S., Hudson S.M. Stimuli-reponsive polymers and their bioconjugates [J]. Prog.Polym. Sci.,2004,29(12):1173-1222.
[193] Abbah S.A., Lam C.X.L., Hutmacher D.W., et al. Biological performance of apolycaprolactone-based scaffold used as fusion cage device in a large animal model ofspinal reconstructive surgery [J]. Biomaterials,2009,30(28):5086-5093.
[194] Zander N.E., Orlicki J.A., Rawlett A.M., et al. Quantification of Protein Incorporatedinto Electrospun Polycaprolactone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds [J]. ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces,2012,4(4):2074-2081.
[195] Zheng M., Librizzi D., K l A., et al. Enhancing in vivo circulation and siRNA deliverywith biodegradable polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethyleneglycol) copolymers [J]. Biomaterials,2012,33(27):6551-6558.
[196] Mahmud A., Xiong X.B., Lavasanifar A. Novel Self-Associating Poly(ethyleneoxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers with Functional Side Groups onthe Polyester Block for Drug Delivery [J]. Macromolecules,2006,39(26):9419-9428.
[197] Prime E.L., Cooper-White J.J., Qiao G.G. Coupling Hydrophilic Amine-ContainingMolecules to the Backbone of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)[J]. Aust. J. Chem.,2006,59(8):534-538.
[198] Zhu Y., Gao C., Liu X., et al. Surface Modification of Polycaprolactone Membrane viaAminolysis and Biomacromolecule Immobilization for Promoting Cytocompatibility ofHuman Endothelial Cells [J]. Biomacromolecules,2002,3(6):1312-1319.
[199] Yang H.J., Xu J.B., Pispas S., et al. Hybrid Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone andMethyl Methacrylate [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(8):3312-3317.
[200] Yang H.J., Zhao J.P., Yan M.Q., et al. Nylon3synthesized by ring openingpolymerization with a metal-free catalyst[J]. Polym. Chem.,2011,2(12):2888-2892.
[201] Groenewolt M., Brezesinski T., Schlaad H., et al. Polyisobutylene-block-Poly(ethyleneoxide) for Robust Templating of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Materials [J]. Adv. Mater.,2005,17(9):1158-1162.
[202] Zhao J.P., Mountrichas G., Zhang G.Z., et al. AmphiphilicPolystyrene-b-poly(p-hydroxystyrene-g-ethylene oxide) Block-Graft Copolymers via aCombination of Conventional and Metal-Free Anionic Polymerization [J].Macromolecules,2009,42(22):8661-8668.
[203] Qin J., Jiang X., Gao L., et al. Functional Polymeric Nanoobjects by Cross-LinkingBulk Self-Assemblies of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[J].Macromolecules,2010,43(19):8094-8100.
[204] Lim K.T., Webber S.E., Johnston K.P. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Poly[alkyl (meth)acrylic acid] Block Copolymers [J]. Macromolecules,1999,32(9):2811-2815.
[205] Rodahl M., Hook F., Krozer A., et al. Quartz-crystal microbalance setup for frequencyand Q-factor measurements in gaseous and liquid environments [J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum.,1995,66(7):3924-3930.
[206] Daikhin L., Michael Urbakh. Influence of surface roughness on the quartz crystalmicrobalance response in a solution New configuration for QCM studies [J]. FaradayDiscuss.,1997,107:27-38.
[207] Hou Y., Chen J., Sun P.J., et al. In situ investigations on enzymatic degradation ofpoly(ε-caprolactone)[J]. Polymer,2007,48(21):6348-6353.
[208] Warzelhan V., H cker H., Schulz G.V. The anionic polymerization of methylmethacrylate with a bifunctional initiator [J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie,1980,181(1):149-163.
[209]Schappacher M., Fur N., Guillaume S.M. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Poly(caprolactone)AB and ABA Block Copolymers by Combined Ring-Opening Polymerization and AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization [J]. Macromolecules,2007,40(25):8887-8896.
[210] Lee J.Y., Painter P.C., Coleman M.M. Hydrogen bonding in polymer blends.3. Blendsinvolving polymers containing methacrylic acid and ether groups [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(2):346-354.
[211] Fox T.G., Flory. P.J. Second-Order Transition Temperatures and Related Properties ofPolystyrene. I. Influence of Molecular Weight [J]. J. App. Phys.,1950,21(6):581-591.
[212] Brandrup J., Immergut E.H., Grulke E.A. Polymer Handbook [M].4th. ed. New York:Wiley Interscience,1975:747.
[213] Grant D.H., Grassie N. The thermal decomposition of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)[J].Polymer,1960,1(0):445-455.
[214] Persenaire O., Alexandre M., Degée P., et al. Mechanisms and Kinetics of ThermalDegradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone)[J]. Biomacromolecules,2001,2(1):288-294.
[215] Lai J.H. Thermal behavior of random copolymers of methacrylic acid and tert-butylmethacrylate [J]. Macromolecules,1984,17(5):1010-1012.
[216] Ito H., Ueda M. Thermolysis and photochemical acidolysis of selectedpolymethacrylates [J]. Macromolecules,1988,21(5):1475-1482.
[217] Lucklum R., Hauptmann P. Transduction mechanism of acoustic-wave based chemicaland biochemical sensors [J]. Meas. Sci. Technol.,2003,14(11):1854-1859.
[218] Gan Z.H., Fung J.T., Jing X.B., et al. A novel laser light-scattering study of enzymaticbiodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles [J]. Polymer,1999,40(8):1961-1967.
[219] Voinova M.V., Rodahl M., Jonson M., et al. Viscoelastic Acoustic Response of LayeredPolymer Films at Fluid-Solid Interfaces: Continuum Mechanics Approach [J]. Phys.Scr.,1999,59(5):391-396.
[220] Pitt G.G., Gratzl M.M., Kimmel G.L., et al. Aliphatic polyesters II. The degradation ofpoly (DL-lactide), poly (ε-caprolactone), and their copolymers in vivo [J]. Biomaterials,1981,2(4):215-220.
[221] Liu X., Tian Z., Chen C., et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Brush-Shaped HybridInorganic/Organic Polymers Based on Polyphosphazenes [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(3):1417-1426.
[222] Meyers S.R., Grinstaff M.W. Biocompatible and bioactive surface modifications forprolonged in vivo efficacy [J]. Chem. Rev.,2012,112(3):1615-1632.
[223] Zhang G.Z., Ma C.F., Xu L.G., et al. Degradable Polyurethane for MarineAnti-biofouling [J]. J. Mater. Chem. B,2013,1(24):3099-3106.
[224] Prime K.L., Whitesides G.M. Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containingend-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): a model system using self-assembled monolayers[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1993,115(23):10714-10721.
[225] Xu J.B., Yang H.J., Zhang G.Z. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone-co-methacrylic acid)Copolymer via Phosphazene-Catalyzed Hybrid Copolymerization [J]. Macromol. Chem.Phys.,2013,214(3):378-385.
[226] Backes M., Messager L., Mourran A., et al. Synthesis and Thermal Properties ofWell-Defined Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on Polyglycidol [J].Macromolecules,2010,43(7):3238-3248.
[227] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application toproliferation and cytotoxicity assays [J]. J. Immunol. Methods,1983,65(1):55-63.
[228] Allen C., Han J., Yu Y., et al. Polycaprolactone-b-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymermicelles as a delivery vehicle for dihydrotestosterone [J]. J. Control. Release,2000,63(3):275-286.
[229] Papadimitriou S.A., Papageorgiou G.Z., Bikiaris D.N. Crystallization and enzymaticdegradation of novel poly(ε-caprolactone-co-propylene succinate) copolymers [J]. Eur.Polym. J.,2008,44(7):2356-2366.
[230] Kulkarni A., Reiche J., Hartmann J., et al. Selective enzymatic degradation ofpoly(ε-caprolactone) containing multiblock copolymers [J]. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.,2008,68(1):46-56.
[231] Dai W.F., Zhu J.Y., Shangguan A.Y., et al. Synthesis, characterization and degradabilityof the comb-type poly(4-hydroxyl-epsilon-caprolactone-co-epsilon-caprolactone)-g-poly(L-lactide)[J]. Eur. Polym. J.,2009,45(6):1659-1667.
[232] Peng H., Ling J., Liu J., et al. Controlled enzymatic degradation ofpoly(-caprolactone)-based copolymers in the presence of porcine pancreatic lipase [J].Polym. Degrad. Stab.,2010,95(4):643-650.
[233] Marten E., Müller R.J., Deckwer W.D. Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis ofpolyesters. II. Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters [J]. Polym. Degrad. Stab.,2005,88(3):371-381.
[234] Burkersroda F.V., Schedl L., G pferich A. Why degradable polymers undergo surfaceerosion or bulk erosion [J]. Biomaterials,2002,23(21):4221-4231.
[235] Tamada J.A., Langer R. Erosion kinetics of hydrolytically degradable polymers [J].Proc. Nadl. Acad. Sci.,1993,90(3):552-556.
[236] G pferich A. Polymer Bulk Erosion [J]. Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2598-2604.
[237] Gopferich A., Langer R. Modeling of polymer erosion [J]. Macromolecules,1993,26(16):4105-4112.
[238] Siu M., Liu H.Y., Zhu X.X., et al. Formation of Mesoglobular Phase of AmphiphilicCopolymer Chains in Dilute Solution: Effect of Comonomer Composition [J].Macromolecules,2003,36(6):2103-2107.
[239] Noda T., Hashidzume A., Morishima Y. Micelle Formation of Random Copolymers ofSodium2-(Acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate and a Nonionic SurfactantMacromonomer in Water As Studied by Fluorescence and Dynamic Light Scattering [J].Macromolecules,2000,33(10):3694-3704.
[240] Choksakulnimitr S., Masuda S., Tokuda H., et al. In vitro cytotoxicity ofmacromolecules in different cell culture systems [J]. J. Control. Release,1995,34(3):233-241.
[241] Brash J.L. Exploiting the current paradigm of blood-material interactions for therational design of blood-compatible materials [J]. J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed.,2000,11(11):1135-1146.
[242] Hatakeyama E.S., Ju H., Gabriel C.J., et al. New protein-resistant coatings for waterfiltration membranes based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium polymers [J]. J.Membr. Sci.,2009,330(1):104-116.
[243] Pavithra D., Mukesh D. Biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion and host response onpolymeric implants-issues and prevention [J]. Biomed. Mater.,2008,3(3):034003(13pp).
[244] Wisniewski N., Reichert M. Methods for reducing biosensor membrane biofouling [J].Colloids Surf. B,2000,18(3):197-219.
[245] Kenawy E.R., Worley S.D., Broughton R. The Chemistry and Applications ofAntimicrobial Polymers: A State-of-the-Art Review [J]. Biomacromolecules,2007,8(5):1359-1384.
[246] Briand J.F. Marine antifouling laboratory bioassays: an overview of their diversity [J].Biofouling,2009,25(4):297-311.
[247] Ma C.F., Yang H.J., Zhou X., et al. Polymeric material for anti-biofouling [J]. ColloidsSurf. B,2012,100(1):31-35.
[248] Zhao T., Chen H., Zheng J., et al. Inhibition of protein adsorption and cell adhesion onPNIPAAm-grafted polyurethane surface: Effect of graft molecular weight [J]. ColloidsSurf. B,2011,85(1):26-31.
[249] Hucknall A., Rangarajan S., Chilkoti A. In Pursuit of Zero: Polymer Brushes that Resistthe Adsorption of Proteins [J]. Adv. Mater.,2009,21(23):2441-2446.
[250] Page K., Wilson M., Parkin I.P. Antimicrobial surfaces and their potential in reducingthe role of the inanimate environment in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections[J]. J. Mater. Chem.,2009,19(23):3819-3831.
[251] Tsapikouni T.S., Missirlis Y.F. Protein-material interactions: From micro-to-nanoscale [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. B,2008,152(1-3):2-7.
[252] Ma H., Hyun J., Stiller P., et al.“Non-Fouling” Oligo(ethylene glycol)-FunctionalizedPolymer Brushes Synthesized by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer RadicalPolymerization [J]. Adv. Mater.,2004,16(4):338-341.
[253] Prime K., Whitesides G. Self-assembled organic monolayers: model systems forstudying adsorption of proteins at surfaces [J]. Science,1991,252(5009):1164-1167.
[254] Zhou G.Y., Ma C.F., Zhang G.Z. Synthesis of polyurethane-g-poly(ethylene glycol)copolymers by macroiniferter and their protein resistance [J]. Polym. Chem.,2011,2(6):1409-1414.
[255] Oh J.K., Siegwart D.J., Lee H.I., et al. Biodegradable Nanogels Prepared by AtomTransfer Radical Polymerization as Potential Drug Delivery Carriers: Synthesis,Biodegradation, in Vitro Release, and Bioconjugation [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2007,129(18):5939-5945.
[256] Lutz J.F., Andrieu J., üzgün S., et al. Biocompatible, Thermoresponsive, andBiodegradable: Simple Preparation of “All-in-One” Biorelevant Polymers [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(24):8540-8543.
[257] McArthur S.L., McLean K.M., Kingshott P., et al. Effect of polysaccharide structure onprotein adsorption [J]. Colloids Surf. B,2000,17(1):37-48.
[258] Johnell M., Larsson R., Siegbahn A. The influence of different heparin surfaceconcentrations and antithrombin-binding capacity on inflammation and coagulation [J].Biomaterials,2005,26(14):1731-1739.
[259] Zhang Z., Chen S., Jiang S. Dual-Functional Biomimetic Materials: NonfoulingPoly(carboxybetaine) with Active Functional Groups for Protein Immobilization [J].Biomacromolecules,2006,7(12):3311-3315.
[260] Lalani R., Liu L. Electrospun Zwitterionic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) forNonadherent, Superabsorbent, and Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Applications [J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(6):1853-1863.
[261] Jiang S., Cao Z. Ultralow-Fouling, Functionalizable, and Hydrolyzable ZwitterionicMaterials and Their Derivatives for Biological Applications [J]. Adv. Mater.,2010,22(9):920-932.
[262] Dilly S.J., Beecham M.P., Brown S.P., et al. Novel Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfaces ThatResist Nonspecific Protein Adsorption [J]. Langmuir,2006,22(19):8144-8150.
[263] Lim J.M., Yi G.R., Moon J.H., et al. Superhydrophobic Films of Electrospun Fiberswith Multiple-Scale Surface Morphology [J]. Langmuir,2007,23(15):7981-7989.
[264] Yabu H., Shimomura M. Single-Step Fabrication of Transparent SuperhydrophobicPorous Polymer Films [J]. Chem. Mater.,2005,17(21):5231-5234.
[265] Kim Y.D., Dordick J.S., Clark D.S. Siloxane-based biocatalytic films and paints for useas reactive coatings [J]. Biotechnol. Bioeng.,2001,72(4):475-482.
[266] Kim J., Delio R., Dordick J.S. Protease-Containing Silicates as Active AntifoulingMaterials [J]. Biotechnol. Prog.,2002,18(3):551-555.
[267] Auras R., Harte B., Selke S. An Overview of Polylactides as Packaging Materials [J].Macromol. Biosci.,2004,4(9):835-864.
[268] Agrawal C.M., Ray R.B. Biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissueengineering [J]. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.,2001,55(2):141-150.
[269] Black F.E., Hartshorne M., Davies M.C., et al. Surface Engineering and SurfaceAnalysis of a Biodegradable Polymer with Biotinylated End Groups [J]. Langmuir,1999,15(9):3157-3161.
[270] Zhang Z., Ni J., Chen L., et al. Biodegradable and thermoreversible PCLA–PEG–PCLAhydrogel as a barrier for prevention of post-operative adhesion [J]. Biomaterials,2011,32(21):4725-4736.
[271] Hu D.S.G., Liu H.J., Pan I.L. Inhibition of bovine serum albumin adsorption bypoly(ethylene glycol) soft segment in biodegradable poly(ethyleneglycol)/poly(L-lactide) copolymers [J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,1993,50(8):1391-1396.
[272] Tu Q., Wang J.C., Liu R., et al. Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-andsulfobetaine-conjugated zwitterionic poly(L-lactide) and assay of its antifoulingproperties [J]. Colloids Surf. B,2013,102(1):331-340.
[273] Samarajeewa S., Shrestha R., Li Y., et al. Degradability of Poly(LacticAcid)-Containing Nanoparticles: Enzymatic Access through a Cross-Linked ShellBarrier [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,134(2):1235-1242.
[274] Yamashita K., Kikkawa Y., Kurokawa K., et al. Enzymatic Degradation ofPoly(l-lactide) Film by Proteinase K: Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Atomic ForceMicroscopy Study [J]. Biomacromolecules,2005,6(2):850-857.
[275] H k F., Kasemo B., Nylander T., et al. Variations in Coupled Water, ViscoelasticProperties, and Film Thickness of a Mefp-1Protein Film during Adsorption andCross-Linking: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring,Ellipsometry, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Study [J]. Anal. Chem.,2001,73(24):5796-5804.
[276] Liu J.T., Chen C.J., Ikoma T., et al. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor with highanti-fouling ability for the detection of cardiac marker troponin T [J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.,2011,703(1):80-86.
[277] Fukuzaki H., Yoshida M., Asano M., et al. Synthesis of copoly(d,l-lactic acid) withrelatively low molecular weight and in vitro degradation [J]. Eur. Polym. J.,1989,25(10):1019-1026.
[278] Tsuji H., Ikarashi K. In vitro hydrolysis of poly(l-lactide) crystalline residues asextended-chain crystallites. Part I: long-term hydrolysis in phosphate-buffered solutionat37°C [J]. Biomaterials,2004,25(24):5449-5455.
[279] Ishizone T., Han S., Okuyama S., et al. Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymethacrylatesby Living Anionic Polymerization of Trialkylsilyl-Protected Oligo(ethylene glycol)Methacrylates [J]. Macromolecules,2003,36(1):42-49.
[280] Wang C.H., Fan K.R., Hsiue G.H. Enzymatic degradation of PLLA-PEOz-PLLAtriblock copolymers [J]. Biomaterials,2005,26(16):2803-2811.
[281] Tsuji H., Miyauchi S. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poly(lactide)s: Effects of MolecularWeight, l-Lactide Content, and Enantiomeric and Diastereoisomeric Polymer Blending[J]. Biomacromolecules,2001,2(2):597-604.
[282] Jeon S.I., Lee J.H., Andrade J.D., et al. Protein-surface interactions in the presence ofpolyethylene oxide: I. Simplified theory [J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci.,1991,142(1):149-158.
[283] Israelachvili J., Wennerstrom H. Role of hydration and water structure in biological andcolloidal interactions [J]. Nature,1996,379(6562):219-225.
[284] Malmstr m J., Agheli H., Kingshott P., et al. Viscoelastic Modeling of Highly HydratedLaminin Layers at Homogeneous and Nanostructured Surfaces: Quantification ofProtein Layer Properties Using QCM-D and SPR [J]. Langmuir,2007,23(19):9760-9768.
[285] Brown H.A., De Crisci A.G., Hedrick J.L., et al. Amidine-Mediated ZwitterionicPolymerization of Lactide [J]. ACS Macro Letters,2012,1(9):1113-1115.
[286] Bouyahyi M., Pepels M.P.F., Heise A., et al. ω-Pentandecalactone Polymerization andω-Pentadecalactone/ε-Caprolactone Copolymerization Reactions Using OrganicCatalysts [J]. Macromolecules,2012,45(8):3356-3366.
[287] Fevre M., Pinaud J., Gnanou Y., et al. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) asorganocatalysts and structural components in metal-free polymer synthesis [J]. Chem.Soc. Rev.,2013,42(5):2142-2172.
[288] Zhao J.P., Schlaad H. Controlled Anionic Graft Polymerization of Ethylene OxideDirectly from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)[J]. Macromolecules,2011,44(15):5861-5864.
[289] Mountrichas G., Mantzaridis C., Pispas S. Well-Defined Flexible Polyelectrolytes withTwo Cationic Sites per Monomeric Unit [J]. Macromol. Rapid Comm.,2006,27(4):289-294.
[290] Baidya M., Mayr H. Nucleophilicities and carbon basicities of DBU and DBN [J].Chem. Commun.,2008,15:1792-1794.
[291] Coady D.J., Fukushima K., Horn H.W., et al. Catalytic insights into acid/baseconjugates: highly selective bifunctional catalysts for the ring-opening polymerizationof lactide [J]. Chem. Commun.,2011,47(11):3105-3107.
[292] Kamber N.E., Jeong W., Waymouth R.M., et al. Organocatalytic Ring-OpeningPolymerization [J]. Chem. Rev.,2007,107(12):5813-5840.
[293] Martello M.T., Burns A., Hillmyer M. Bulk Ring-Opening TransesterificationPolymerization of the Renewable δ-Decalactone Using an Organocatalyst [J]. ACSMacro Letters,2012,1(1):131-135.
[294] Brzezińska K., Szymański R., Kubisa P., et al. Activated monomer mechanism incationic polymerization,1. Ethylene oxide, formulation of mechanism [J]. Macrol.Rapid Commu.,1986,7(1):1-4.
[295] Shibasaki Y., Sanda F., Endo T. Activated monomer cationic polymerization of1,3-dioxepan-2-one initiated by water-hydrogen chloride [J]. Macrol. Rapid Commu.,1999,20(10):532-535.
[296] Speers A.E., Adam G.C., Cravatt B.F. Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Vivo Using aCopper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne [3+2] Cycloaddition [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2003,125(16):4686-4687.
[297] Adamus G., Hakkarainen M., H glund A., et al. MALDI-TOF MS Reveals theMolecular Level Structures of Different Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Polyether-esters [J].Biomacromolecules,2009,10(6):1540-1546.
[298] Yang H.J., Yan M.Q., Pispas S., et al. Synthesis of Poly[(ethylenecarbonate)-co-(ethylene oxide)] Copolymer by Phosphazene-Catalyzed ROP [J].Macromol. Chem. Phys.,2011,212(23):2589-2593.
[299] Pepels M.P.F., Hansen M.R., Goossens H., et al. From Polyethylene to Polyester:Influence of Ester Groups on the Physical Properties [J]. Macromolecules,2013,46(19):7668-7677.
[300] Brown H.A., Chang Y.A., Waymouth R.M. Zwitterionic polymerization to generatehigh molecular weight cyclic poly(carbosiloxane)s [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2013,135(50):18738-18741.
[301] Zhao J.P, Mountrichas G., Zhang G.Z., et al. Thermoresponsive Core-Shell BrushCopolymers with Poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) Side Chains via a“Grafting from” Technique [J]. Macromolecules,2010,43(4):1771-1777.
[302] Dechy-Cabaret O., Martin-Vaca B., Bourissou D. Controlled Ring-OpeningPolymerization of Lactide and Glycolide [J]. Chem. Rev.,2004,104(12):6147-6176.
[303] MacDonald R.T., Pulapura S.K., Svirkin Y.Y., et al. Enzyme-Catalyzedepsilon-Caprolactone Ring-Opening Polymerization [J]. Macromolecules,1995,28(1):73-78.
[304] Brocas A.L., Mantzaridis C., Tunc D., et al. Polyether synthesis: From activated ormetal-free anionic ring-opening polymerization of epoxides to functionalization [J].Prog. Polym. Sci.,2013,38(6):845-873.
[305] Kostjuk S.V., Ganachaud F. Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in Solution andAqueous Suspension Using B(C6F5)3as a Water-Tolerant Lewis Acid [J].Macromolecules,2006,39(9):3110-3113.
[306] Kostjuk S.V., Ganachaud F. Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in AqueousMedia: From Monofunctional Oligomers to Long-Lived Polymer Chains [J]. Acc.Chem. Res.,2009,43(3):357-367.
[307] Kostjuk S.V., Radchenko A.V., Ganachaud F. Controlled cationic polymerization ofcyclopentadiene with B(C6F5)3as a coinitiator in the presence of water [J]. J. Polym.Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.,2008,46(14):4734-4747.
[308] Kostjuk S.V., Radchenko A.V., Ganachaud F. Controlled/Living CationicPolymerization of p-Methoxystyrene in Solution and Aqueous Dispersion UsingTris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a Lewis Acid: Acetonitrile Does the Job [J].Macromolecules,2007,40(3):482-490.
[309] Kanazawa A., Kanaoka S., Aoshima S. Concurrent cationic vinyl-addition andring-opening copolymerization using B(C6F5)3as a catalyst: copolymerization of vinylethers and isobutylene oxide via crossover propagation reactions [J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2013,135(25):9330-9333.