V波段新型慢波结构行波管的研究
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摘要
V波段作为毫米波频段一个重要的大气衰减窗口,在军事和民用领域都显示出了巨大的应用潜力。目前,相对于美国、日本和欧洲等,我国对该波段资源的开发和利用显得相对滞后。为满足日趋复杂的战术军事通信和信息对抗的需要,并进一步提升我国毫米波电真空器件的理论和关键技术水平,开展对该波段的研究工作具有重要的理论和现实意义。本论文以V波段行波管为选题,以新型全金属慢波结构为主线,重点研究了两类新型的全金属慢波结构在V波段行波管中的应用。本论文的主要工作和创新点总结如下：
1.利用曲折波导慢波结构完成了对一只V波段连续波行波管的优化设计,包括慢波结构、互作用电路、高频能量耦合系统以及聚焦磁系统等,并率先在国内开展了对V波段曲折波导行波管的实验研究。
2.为了提高曲折波导行波管的输出功率,提出了一种新型的带状注曲折波导慢波结构,并利用该结构和带状电子注作为注-波互作用电路,完成了对V波段大功率行波管的设计。研究结果表明：采用带状电子注能极大地增加互作用面积,从而可以在不增加电流密度的情况下获得更大的输出功率。同时,只要带状电子注通道的尺寸选择合适,对行波管的带宽和电子效率影响不大,这为今后研制V波段大功率行波管提供了一个不错的思路和很好的解决方案。
3.提出了一种新型的宽带大功率慢波结构一V型曲折矩形槽慢波结构,并利用该结构完成了对V波段行波管互作用电路的设计。研究结果表明：该结构能在保持良好工作性能的同时增加互作用面积,从而可以在不增加电流密度的情况下采用更大的电子注电流,因而能获得更大的输出功率。同时,该结构是一个典型的二维结构,且不需要单独加工电子注通道,加工和装配都十分简单。因此,V型曲折矩形槽慢波结构是一种有潜力的宽带大功率毫米波慢波结构,它的提出将对宽带大功率毫米波辐射源的发展起到积极的推动作用。
4.提出了一种适用于重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔慢波结构的输入/输出耦合结构,很好地解决了外部电路与慢波结构之间的能量耦合问题,并将该结构成功应用于V波段行波管的设计之中,完成了对一只100W重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔行波管的具体设计。研究结果表明：相比曲折波导行波管,在电子注电压基本相同的情况下,重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔行波管具有更大的输出功率和更高的电子效率,且通过调节电子注电压能使其工作带宽拓展至与曲折波导相当,这为我们研制V波段大功率行波管提供了又一优选方案。
5.为三槽梯形线耦合腔慢波结构提出了一种匹配良好的输入/输出能量耦合结构,很好地解决了与外电路之间的能量耦合问题,并利用该结构和一个长宽比为5：1的带状电子注完成了对V波段行波管互作用电路的设计。粒子模拟结果表明：当电子注电压和电流分别为13.2kV和300mA时,在58-64GHz的频带范围内,该管的饱和输出功率大于320W,对应的饱和增益和电子效率分别大于32.56dB和8%。该结构为今后研制V波段宽带大功率行波管提供了一个良好的方案。
As an important atmospheric attenuation window, the V-band has been shown great potential on both military and civil areas. At present, the development and utilization of this band in our county lags relatively behind compared with USA, Japan and Europe. In order to meet the requirement of complex military communication and information countermeasure, and to further improve the theory and key technology level on millimeter-wave vacuum electronics, researches on this band are of great significance in both theory and practice. The dissertation is based on the V-band traveling-wave tube and puts emphasis on the research of two kinds of novel all-metal slow-wave structures. And the application potentials of these structures in V-band traveling-wave tube are analyzed. The main work and innovations of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The folded waveguide slow-wave structure is employed to design the V-band CW traveling-wave tube, including the slow-wave structure, the interaction circuit, the high-frequency coupling structure and the magnetic focusing system, etc. And the experimental study on the V-band traveling-wave tube is conducted firstly in domestic.
2. In order to improve the output power of the folded waveguide traveling-wave tube, a novel sheet beam folded waveguide is proposed. And design of the V-band high-power traveling-wave tube is completed by employing this structure and sheet electron beam as the interaction circuit. From the research results, it can greatly increase the interaction area by adopting the sheet electron beam, which can acquire more output power without increasing the current density. Meanwhile, it has little effect on the bandwidth and electron efficiency of the tube if proper size of the beam channel is chosen. Therefore, it provides a good idea for the development of V-band high-power traveling-wave tube.
3. A novel wideband high-power slow-wave structure called V-shape folded rectangular groove is proposed innovatively, and the interaction circuit for the V-band traveling-wave tube is designed by employing this structure. The research results show that it can increase the interaction area without variation of good working performance, which can adopt the sheet electron beam with larger area to acquire more output power. Meanwhile, it is a typical two-dimensional structure and don't need to machining the beam tunnel, which can be fabricated and assembled easily. Therefore, as a very potential wideband high-power millimeter-wave structure, the V-shape folded rectangular groove waveguide will play a positive role in the development of wideband high-power millimeter-wave radiation sources.
4. In order to solve the energy coupling problem between external circuit and the reentrant double staggered ladder line coupled-cavity slow-wave structure, a well-matched input and output coupler is proposed. And design of a100watts V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is completed by employing this structure. Compared with the folded waveguide traveling-wave tube, it has more output power and higher electron efficiency under the condition of the basiclly same voltage. And the working bandwidth of the tube can be expanded to the same level of the folded waveguide travel ing-wave tube by tuning the beam voltage. Therefore, it provides another optimal scheme for the development of V-band high-power traveling-wave tube.
5. A well-matched input and output coupler is proposed for the three slot ladder line coupled-cavity slow-wave structure, and the interaction circuit for the V-band traveling-wave tube is designed by employing this structure and a5:1aspect-ratio sheet electron beam. From our calculations, when the cathode voltage and beam current are set to13.2kV and300mA, the three slot ladder line coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube can produce saturated output power of over320watts, the corresponding saturated gain and electron efficiency can reach over32.56dB and8%, respectively. This structure provides a good scheme for the development of V-band wideband high-power traveling-wave tube.
1.利用曲折波导慢波结构完成了对一只V波段连续波行波管的优化设计,包括慢波结构、互作用电路、高频能量耦合系统以及聚焦磁系统等,并率先在国内开展了对V波段曲折波导行波管的实验研究。
2.为了提高曲折波导行波管的输出功率,提出了一种新型的带状注曲折波导慢波结构,并利用该结构和带状电子注作为注-波互作用电路,完成了对V波段大功率行波管的设计。研究结果表明：采用带状电子注能极大地增加互作用面积,从而可以在不增加电流密度的情况下获得更大的输出功率。同时,只要带状电子注通道的尺寸选择合适,对行波管的带宽和电子效率影响不大,这为今后研制V波段大功率行波管提供了一个不错的思路和很好的解决方案。
3.提出了一种新型的宽带大功率慢波结构一V型曲折矩形槽慢波结构,并利用该结构完成了对V波段行波管互作用电路的设计。研究结果表明：该结构能在保持良好工作性能的同时增加互作用面积,从而可以在不增加电流密度的情况下采用更大的电子注电流,因而能获得更大的输出功率。同时,该结构是一个典型的二维结构,且不需要单独加工电子注通道,加工和装配都十分简单。因此,V型曲折矩形槽慢波结构是一种有潜力的宽带大功率毫米波慢波结构,它的提出将对宽带大功率毫米波辐射源的发展起到积极的推动作用。
4.提出了一种适用于重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔慢波结构的输入/输出耦合结构,很好地解决了外部电路与慢波结构之间的能量耦合问题,并将该结构成功应用于V波段行波管的设计之中,完成了对一只100W重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔行波管的具体设计。研究结果表明：相比曲折波导行波管,在电子注电压基本相同的情况下,重入式双交错梯形线耦合腔行波管具有更大的输出功率和更高的电子效率,且通过调节电子注电压能使其工作带宽拓展至与曲折波导相当,这为我们研制V波段大功率行波管提供了又一优选方案。
5.为三槽梯形线耦合腔慢波结构提出了一种匹配良好的输入/输出能量耦合结构,很好地解决了与外电路之间的能量耦合问题,并利用该结构和一个长宽比为5：1的带状电子注完成了对V波段行波管互作用电路的设计。粒子模拟结果表明：当电子注电压和电流分别为13.2kV和300mA时,在58-64GHz的频带范围内,该管的饱和输出功率大于320W,对应的饱和增益和电子效率分别大于32.56dB和8%。该结构为今后研制V波段宽带大功率行波管提供了一个良好的方案。
As an important atmospheric attenuation window, the V-band has been shown great potential on both military and civil areas. At present, the development and utilization of this band in our county lags relatively behind compared with USA, Japan and Europe. In order to meet the requirement of complex military communication and information countermeasure, and to further improve the theory and key technology level on millimeter-wave vacuum electronics, researches on this band are of great significance in both theory and practice. The dissertation is based on the V-band traveling-wave tube and puts emphasis on the research of two kinds of novel all-metal slow-wave structures. And the application potentials of these structures in V-band traveling-wave tube are analyzed. The main work and innovations of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The folded waveguide slow-wave structure is employed to design the V-band CW traveling-wave tube, including the slow-wave structure, the interaction circuit, the high-frequency coupling structure and the magnetic focusing system, etc. And the experimental study on the V-band traveling-wave tube is conducted firstly in domestic.
2. In order to improve the output power of the folded waveguide traveling-wave tube, a novel sheet beam folded waveguide is proposed. And design of the V-band high-power traveling-wave tube is completed by employing this structure and sheet electron beam as the interaction circuit. From the research results, it can greatly increase the interaction area by adopting the sheet electron beam, which can acquire more output power without increasing the current density. Meanwhile, it has little effect on the bandwidth and electron efficiency of the tube if proper size of the beam channel is chosen. Therefore, it provides a good idea for the development of V-band high-power traveling-wave tube.
3. A novel wideband high-power slow-wave structure called V-shape folded rectangular groove is proposed innovatively, and the interaction circuit for the V-band traveling-wave tube is designed by employing this structure. The research results show that it can increase the interaction area without variation of good working performance, which can adopt the sheet electron beam with larger area to acquire more output power. Meanwhile, it is a typical two-dimensional structure and don't need to machining the beam tunnel, which can be fabricated and assembled easily. Therefore, as a very potential wideband high-power millimeter-wave structure, the V-shape folded rectangular groove waveguide will play a positive role in the development of wideband high-power millimeter-wave radiation sources.
4. In order to solve the energy coupling problem between external circuit and the reentrant double staggered ladder line coupled-cavity slow-wave structure, a well-matched input and output coupler is proposed. And design of a100watts V-band coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube is completed by employing this structure. Compared with the folded waveguide traveling-wave tube, it has more output power and higher electron efficiency under the condition of the basiclly same voltage. And the working bandwidth of the tube can be expanded to the same level of the folded waveguide travel ing-wave tube by tuning the beam voltage. Therefore, it provides another optimal scheme for the development of V-band high-power traveling-wave tube.
5. A well-matched input and output coupler is proposed for the three slot ladder line coupled-cavity slow-wave structure, and the interaction circuit for the V-band traveling-wave tube is designed by employing this structure and a5:1aspect-ratio sheet electron beam. From our calculations, when the cathode voltage and beam current are set to13.2kV and300mA, the three slot ladder line coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube can produce saturated output power of over320watts, the corresponding saturated gain and electron efficiency can reach over32.56dB and8%, respectively. This structure provides a good scheme for the development of V-band wideband high-power traveling-wave tube.
引文
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