高速公路交通管理系统研究
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摘要
高速公路交通管理系统是为了缓解高速公路特别是城市高速公路交通拥挤、提高道路的有效利用率和交通流量、减少交通事故的发生率以及因交通事故造成的出行时间和经济等方面的损失、保护道路交通环境而建立起来的现代化的管理、控制系统。其以交通法规为原则，以计算机、信息网络等现代技术为手段，以运筹学、控制论为核心理论，以创造有序、迅速、安全舒适的行车环境为系统目标来对交通流合理引导、限制和优化。论文综合考虑高速公路交通管理系统的上述特征，分别从系统目标定位及概念设计、系统需求分析、系统数据管理及网络结构分析、交通控制与交通事件检测理论与应用四个层面，对高速公路交通管理与控制问题进行了系统阐述，界定了系统的功能及各功能的实现要求，并从系统集成角度划分了系统的结构；分析了各子系统的信息、功能、建设等方面的需求，给出了基本实施方案要求；对系统数据流程进行了描述和梳理，提出了数据管理的方法、目标及措施，分析、设计了系统网络拓扑结构及设备需求；阐述了交通模型的建模思想和动态交通模型的建立过程，对集中式和分散式全局交通控制理论进行了详细的分析，提出了基于预测的高速公路匝道控制理论，并对理论模式及相关的问题进行了研究，分析了高速公路事件检测系统，并采用面向对象的编程思想，以Visual C++为编写工具，开发了高速公路事件检测系统分析软件。
Freeway traffic management system is modern management and control one which can relax traffic congest, improve road utilization, increase traffic flow, decrease traffic accident rate and economic loss, protect environment. It selects highway code as principle, operational research, and cybernetics as kernel theories in order to create well-ordered, speedy, safety-comfort travelling environment and realize traffic flow rational leading, limiting and optimizing. Synthetically considering these characteristics, the method of freeway management and control are presented according to four aspects: system objective orientation and concept design, system demand and requirement analysis, system data management and network structure, traffic control and accident detecting theory as well as its application. Function and structure of system are delimitated from the point view of integration. Construction and function demand of subsystem are analyzed and basic implement projects are presented. In this thesis, system data flow and management method and target which based on system network topology structure and equipment demand are described. Traffic modeling ideology and the process of making dynamic model as well as accident detecting program are presented with centralized and distributed traffic control theory in detail, then freeway ramp control theory which based on predictive model and its theoretic pattern are explored. Finally, based on the object oriented programming, program of accident detecting and checking on freeway is developed by using visual C++ as tool.
Freeway traffic management system is modern management and control one which can relax traffic congest, improve road utilization, increase traffic flow, decrease traffic accident rate and economic loss, protect environment. It selects highway code as principle, operational research, and cybernetics as kernel theories in order to create well-ordered, speedy, safety-comfort travelling environment and realize traffic flow rational leading, limiting and optimizing. Synthetically considering these characteristics, the method of freeway management and control are presented according to four aspects: system objective orientation and concept design, system demand and requirement analysis, system data management and network structure, traffic control and accident detecting theory as well as its application. Function and structure of system are delimitated from the point view of integration. Construction and function demand of subsystem are analyzed and basic implement projects are presented. In this thesis, system data flow and management method and target which based on system network topology structure and equipment demand are described. Traffic modeling ideology and the process of making dynamic model as well as accident detecting program are presented with centralized and distributed traffic control theory in detail, then freeway ramp control theory which based on predictive model and its theoretic pattern are explored. Finally, based on the object oriented programming, program of accident detecting and checking on freeway is developed by using visual C++ as tool.
引文
1．中国交通年鉴编辑委员会．中国交通年鉴 1999．中国交通年鉴社编辑出版发行，1999
2．国家统计局．中国统计年鉴2000．中国统计出版社，2000
3．杨冰等编著．智能运输系统．中国铁道出版社，2000
4．高速公路丛书编委会．高速公路交通工程及沿线设施．人民交通出版社，1999
5．荆便顺．道路交通控制工程．人民交通出版社，1995
6．刘伟铭主编．高速公路系统控制方法．人民交通出版社，1998
7．项贻强．高速公路规划与管理．人民交通出版社，1999
8．冯博琴主编．软件技术基础．人民邮电出版社，2000
9．郑阿奇主编．VisualC++实用教程．电子工业出版社，2000
10．高速公路丛书编委会．高速公路运营管理．第二版．人民交通出版社，1999
11．王利，张玉祥、杨良怀编著．计算机网络实用教程．清华大学出版社，1999
12．薛华成主编．管理信息系统．第三版．清华大学出版社，1999
13．谭浩强．C程序设计．清华大学出版社，1991
14．《运筹学》教材编写组．运筹学．第二版．清华大学出版社，1990
15．杨启帆，方道元编著．数学建模．浙江大学出版社，1999
16．[美]William Stallings 著．局域网与城域网．毛迪林，张琦，楚春波译．第六版．电子工业大学出版社，2001
17．[美]Dusan Petkovic 著．SQL Server2000 基础教程．吕静骅、史进译．清华大学出版社，2001
18．李塔垣，李丁．省级高速公路网监控通信系统规划方法的研究．公路交通科技．2000，17(3)
19．张辉．高速公路综合信息管理系统的开发与应用．华东公路．2000，5
20．胡大伟，郭晓汾．智能运输系统(ITS)的发展与对策．西安公路交通大学学报．2000，1
21．陈唐民．汽车运输学．人民交通出版社，1998
22．贺国光．智能交通运输系统的若干重要问题．中国交通运输协会．中国智能运输系统技术与市场研讨会论文集．中国交通运输协会，1998
23．史其信等．中国ITS发展战略构想．公路交通科技．1999，3
24．ITS AmeriCa and ITS Canada. ITS: Smarter, Smoother, Safer. TORONTO99, 1999
25．交通部科技信息研究所．世界主要国家交通统计资料(1990-1996)．交通部科技信息研究所，1998
26．冯蔚东，贺国光，刘豹．交通流理论评述．系统工程学报．1998，3(1)
27．王亦兵，韩曾晋，贺国光．城市高速公路交通控制综述．自动化学报．1998，7(1)
28. B Burmeister, A Haddadi, G Matylis. Applications ofmultiagent systems in traffic and transportation. IEE Trans on Software Engineering. 1997, 144
29. C V Goldman, J S Rosenschein. Mutual supervised learning in multi-agent systems. Distributed Al[M].1991
30．崔叙，熊天文．编组站阶段计划 IDSS 的研究．铁路计算机应用．2001，10(3)
31．王亦兵，罗赞文，韩曾进，史其信．城市高速公路交通中的控制问题．中国公路学报．1997，10(3)
32. Wattleworth J A. Peak Period control of a freeway system-some theoretical investigations, Highway Res. Rec, 89, 1995
33. Prisini T. Neural network for minimization of traveling time on freeway systems. The 7th IFAC/IFORS Symp. on Transp Systems: Theory and Applications of Advanced Technology, 1994
34．谭满春，徐建闽，毛宗源．高速公路交通流的建模与入口匝道最优控制．中国公路学报．2000，13(4)
35．姜紫峰，荆便顺，韩锡令．高速公路入口匝道控制的仿真研究．中国公路学报．1997，10(2)
36．王亦兵，韩曾晋，史其信．高速公路交通流建模．系统工程学报．1998，13(2)
37. MARKOS PAPAGEORGIOU, IEANMARC BLOSSEVILLE, HABIB HAJSALEM. Modelling and realtime control of traffic flow on the southern part of boulevard peripherique in Paris: part I: modelling[J].Transportation Research A, 1990, 24A (5)
38. MARKOS PAPAGEORGIOU, HARIB H S, JEAN M B. ALINEA: A local feedback control law for on-ramp metering[R].Transportation Research Record 1320, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1991
39. RONG SHIYANG, MAZE T H. Freeway surveillance and control system using simulation model[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1989, 115 (4)
40. Kouiss Khalid, Pierreval Henri, Nasser Mebarki. Using multi-agent architecture in FMS for dynamic scheduling[J].J of Intel Manuf, 1997, 8 (1)
41. Lee C Y, Piramuthu S, Tsai Y K. job shop scheduling with a genetic algorithm and machine learning[J].Int J of Prod Res, 1997, 35 (4)
42．张亚平，张起森．高速公路速度—流量模型研究．中国公路学报，2000，13(3)
43．美国交通研究委员会，任福田等．道路通行能力手册．建筑工业出版社．1985
44. HURDLE V F, DATTA P K. Speeds and flows on an urban freeway. Some measurements and a hypothesis[R], 1983
45. FRED L. HALL, FRANK O. MONTGOMERY. The investigation of an alternative interpretation of the speed-flow relationship for U.K. motorways[J].Traffic Engineering Control, 1993, 34(9)
46．张亚平等．道路交通研究中的数据采集与处理方法探讨．中国公路工程．1999，24(3)
47．荣建等．基于高速公路通行能力分析的车辆分类研究．中国公路学报．1999，12(3)
48．张亚平，张起森．控制出入公路车辆折算系数研究．长沙交通学院学报．2000，16(1)
49. Ferrari P. Tbt mstability traffic. Transp. Res, 1994,28
50. Smulder S A. Application of stochastic control concepts to freeway traffic control problem. Proc. 6th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS Conf. on Control, Computers, Communications in Transp. Systems, Paris, 1989
51. Febbraro A D.A new model for an integrated urban transportation network. The 7th TFAC/IFORS symp. on Transp. Systems:Theory and Applications of Advanced Technology, 1994
52. Forbes G J. The applicability of catastrophe theory in modelling traffic operations. Transp, Res. 1990,24A(5)
53．戴世强．交通流动力学．自然杂志．1997，19(4)
54．杨晓光，杨佩光，饭田恭敬．关于城市高速道路交通动态控制问题的研究．中国公路学报，1998，11(2)
55. Xiao-guang Yang, Yasunori Iida, Nobuhiro Uno, Pei-kun Yang. Dynamic traffic Control System for Urban Exprrssway with Constraint of Off-ramp Queue Length, Third Annual on Intelligent Transport Systems, Orlando, Florida, 1996,10
56．李硕，张祥．高速公路主线流量对入口加速车道设计影响分析．中国公路学报．2000，13(2)
57．王炜，石小法．预测型动态交通网络配流模型．系统工程学报．2001，16(1)
58. Friesz T L, Bernstein D, Stough R. Dynamic systems, variational inequalities and control theoretic models for predictig time-varying urban network flows[J].Transportation Science, 1996,30(1)
59. Friesz T L, Bernstein D, Mehta N J, Tobin R L, Ganjalizadeh s. Day-to-day dynamic network disequilibria and idealized traveler information systems[J] .Operations Research, 1994,42(6)
60．陆化普，史其信，殷亚峰．动态交通分配理论回顾与展望．公路交通科技，1996，13(2)
2．国家统计局．中国统计年鉴2000．中国统计出版社，2000
3．杨冰等编著．智能运输系统．中国铁道出版社，2000
4．高速公路丛书编委会．高速公路交通工程及沿线设施．人民交通出版社，1999
5．荆便顺．道路交通控制工程．人民交通出版社，1995
6．刘伟铭主编．高速公路系统控制方法．人民交通出版社，1998
7．项贻强．高速公路规划与管理．人民交通出版社，1999
8．冯博琴主编．软件技术基础．人民邮电出版社，2000
9．郑阿奇主编．VisualC++实用教程．电子工业出版社，2000
10．高速公路丛书编委会．高速公路运营管理．第二版．人民交通出版社，1999
11．王利，张玉祥、杨良怀编著．计算机网络实用教程．清华大学出版社，1999
12．薛华成主编．管理信息系统．第三版．清华大学出版社，1999
13．谭浩强．C程序设计．清华大学出版社，1991
14．《运筹学》教材编写组．运筹学．第二版．清华大学出版社，1990
15．杨启帆，方道元编著．数学建模．浙江大学出版社，1999
16．[美]William Stallings 著．局域网与城域网．毛迪林，张琦，楚春波译．第六版．电子工业大学出版社，2001
17．[美]Dusan Petkovic 著．SQL Server2000 基础教程．吕静骅、史进译．清华大学出版社，2001
18．李塔垣，李丁．省级高速公路网监控通信系统规划方法的研究．公路交通科技．2000，17(3)
19．张辉．高速公路综合信息管理系统的开发与应用．华东公路．2000，5
20．胡大伟，郭晓汾．智能运输系统(ITS)的发展与对策．西安公路交通大学学报．2000，1
21．陈唐民．汽车运输学．人民交通出版社，1998
22．贺国光．智能交通运输系统的若干重要问题．中国交通运输协会．中国智能运输系统技术与市场研讨会论文集．中国交通运输协会，1998
23．史其信等．中国ITS发展战略构想．公路交通科技．1999，3
24．ITS AmeriCa and ITS Canada. ITS: Smarter, Smoother, Safer. TORONTO99, 1999
25．交通部科技信息研究所．世界主要国家交通统计资料(1990-1996)．交通部科技信息研究所，1998
26．冯蔚东，贺国光，刘豹．交通流理论评述．系统工程学报．1998，3(1)
27．王亦兵，韩曾晋，贺国光．城市高速公路交通控制综述．自动化学报．1998，7(1)
28. B Burmeister, A Haddadi, G Matylis. Applications ofmultiagent systems in traffic and transportation. IEE Trans on Software Engineering. 1997, 144
29. C V Goldman, J S Rosenschein. Mutual supervised learning in multi-agent systems. Distributed Al[M].1991
30．崔叙，熊天文．编组站阶段计划 IDSS 的研究．铁路计算机应用．2001，10(3)
31．王亦兵，罗赞文，韩曾进，史其信．城市高速公路交通中的控制问题．中国公路学报．1997，10(3)
32. Wattleworth J A. Peak Period control of a freeway system-some theoretical investigations, Highway Res. Rec, 89, 1995
33. Prisini T. Neural network for minimization of traveling time on freeway systems. The 7th IFAC/IFORS Symp. on Transp Systems: Theory and Applications of Advanced Technology, 1994
34．谭满春，徐建闽，毛宗源．高速公路交通流的建模与入口匝道最优控制．中国公路学报．2000，13(4)
35．姜紫峰，荆便顺，韩锡令．高速公路入口匝道控制的仿真研究．中国公路学报．1997，10(2)
36．王亦兵，韩曾晋，史其信．高速公路交通流建模．系统工程学报．1998，13(2)
37. MARKOS PAPAGEORGIOU, IEANMARC BLOSSEVILLE, HABIB HAJSALEM. Modelling and realtime control of traffic flow on the southern part of boulevard peripherique in Paris: part I: modelling[J].Transportation Research A, 1990, 24A (5)
38. MARKOS PAPAGEORGIOU, HARIB H S, JEAN M B. ALINEA: A local feedback control law for on-ramp metering[R].Transportation Research Record 1320, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1991
39. RONG SHIYANG, MAZE T H. Freeway surveillance and control system using simulation model[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1989, 115 (4)
40. Kouiss Khalid, Pierreval Henri, Nasser Mebarki. Using multi-agent architecture in FMS for dynamic scheduling[J].J of Intel Manuf, 1997, 8 (1)
41. Lee C Y, Piramuthu S, Tsai Y K. job shop scheduling with a genetic algorithm and machine learning[J].Int J of Prod Res, 1997, 35 (4)
42．张亚平，张起森．高速公路速度—流量模型研究．中国公路学报，2000，13(3)
43．美国交通研究委员会，任福田等．道路通行能力手册．建筑工业出版社．1985
44. HURDLE V F, DATTA P K. Speeds and flows on an urban freeway. Some measurements and a hypothesis[R], 1983
45. FRED L. HALL, FRANK O. MONTGOMERY. The investigation of an alternative interpretation of the speed-flow relationship for U.K. motorways[J].Traffic Engineering Control, 1993, 34(9)
46．张亚平等．道路交通研究中的数据采集与处理方法探讨．中国公路工程．1999，24(3)
47．荣建等．基于高速公路通行能力分析的车辆分类研究．中国公路学报．1999，12(3)
48．张亚平，张起森．控制出入公路车辆折算系数研究．长沙交通学院学报．2000，16(1)
49. Ferrari P. Tbt mstability traffic. Transp. Res, 1994,28
50. Smulder S A. Application of stochastic control concepts to freeway traffic control problem. Proc. 6th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS Conf. on Control, Computers, Communications in Transp. Systems, Paris, 1989
51. Febbraro A D.A new model for an integrated urban transportation network. The 7th TFAC/IFORS symp. on Transp. Systems:Theory and Applications of Advanced Technology, 1994
52. Forbes G J. The applicability of catastrophe theory in modelling traffic operations. Transp, Res. 1990,24A(5)
53．戴世强．交通流动力学．自然杂志．1997，19(4)
54．杨晓光，杨佩光，饭田恭敬．关于城市高速道路交通动态控制问题的研究．中国公路学报，1998，11(2)
55. Xiao-guang Yang, Yasunori Iida, Nobuhiro Uno, Pei-kun Yang. Dynamic traffic Control System for Urban Exprrssway with Constraint of Off-ramp Queue Length, Third Annual on Intelligent Transport Systems, Orlando, Florida, 1996,10
56．李硕，张祥．高速公路主线流量对入口加速车道设计影响分析．中国公路学报．2000，13(2)
57．王炜，石小法．预测型动态交通网络配流模型．系统工程学报．2001，16(1)
58. Friesz T L, Bernstein D, Stough R. Dynamic systems, variational inequalities and control theoretic models for predictig time-varying urban network flows[J].Transportation Science, 1996,30(1)
59. Friesz T L, Bernstein D, Mehta N J, Tobin R L, Ganjalizadeh s. Day-to-day dynamic network disequilibria and idealized traveler information systems[J] .Operations Research, 1994,42(6)
60．陆化普，史其信，殷亚峰．动态交通分配理论回顾与展望．公路交通科技，1996，13(2)