爆破片装置CAD参数化自动设计与绘图系统的开发
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摘要
爆破片装置是受压密闭装置(压力容器、设备及管道)防超压安全附件之一。由于实际工况千变万化，为了保证其正常工作，必须针对每个批次进行设计、制造，因此设计任务繁重。爆破片装置的设计包括设计参数计算、结构参数查询、设计图纸的绘制等内容。
长期以来，爆破片装置的设计一直沿用手工方式，使得设计周期长、效率低、随意性大、重复性大，难以满足生产发展的需要。随着CAD技术的发展，参数化绘图技术不断成熟，以AutoCAD为平台进行有针对性的二次开发，实现参数化绘图是提高设计效率的有效途径。
为了提高爆破片装置的设计效率，开发了爆破片装置CAD参数化自动设计与绘图系统。该系统包括两个功能模块：绘图参数自动设计模块和参数化绘图模块。绘图参数自动设计模块能够根据爆破片装置原始设计条件进行爆破片厚度的自动计算、工装的自动选择、夹持器结构尺寸的设计、标准件自动选择以及其它零件的设计。这些设计参数能够被自动存入数据库，并转化为绘图文件。参数化绘图模块包括LP、LC、LF、YC、YD、YE等六种型式爆破片装置所有设计图纸的参数化绘图程序，共计37个。参数化绘图程序可根据绘图文件的信息，完成各种型式爆破片装置设计图纸的自动绘制。通过爆破片装置参数化绘图程序的开发，探索出了一条实现参数化按比例自动绘图的方法，解决了工程图的自动按比例绘制和标题栏、明细表的自动填写问题。
由本系统绘制的图纸可达到工程应用的水平，极大地提高了爆破片装置的设计效率。
Bursting disc device is one of safety accessories to prevent pressure-tight device (pressure vessel, equipment and pipeline) from overpressure. To make it work properly, bursting disc devices must be designed and manufactured for a certain batch according to the working conditions. It is a taxing task to design the bursting disc devices. The designing work includes calculating design parameters, searching structural parameters and drawing some design drawings, etc.
The design of bursting disc devices is usually based on manual work, which directly results in long design period, inefficiency and repetition. It can hardly meet the demand of manufacture. With the development of CAD technology, parametric drawing technology is more and more mature, the best way to improve design efficiency is to realize parametric drawing by further development based on AutoCAD.
To improve the efficiency of the design, the CAD automatic design and parametric drawing system for bursting disc devices was developed. The system is make up of bursting disc devices automatic design module and parametric drawing module. The bursting disc devices automatic design module can calculate the thickness of the bursting disc, select right frock, design the structure and dimension of the holder, select standard accessory and design other needed parts automatically according to the set design conditions. All of the designed data is stored in a database and then transform to a drawing file. The parametric drawing module includes parametric programmes of LP,LC,LF,YC,YD and YE type of bursting disc devices. It has 37 programmes which can finish parametric drawing of all of these six types of bursting disc devices. Thus the parametric drawing module can finish the assembly drawing and accessory drawing of bursting disc devices automatically according to information from drawing file. A method to realize automatic parametric drawing to a scale was found through the bursting disc devices parametric drawing system, the problem of automatic drawing by scale and fill in title bar and list automatically is solved by this method.
This technique can improve bursting disc devices design efficiency greatly. The drawings finished by this system can be directly used in the manufacture of bursting disc devices.
长期以来，爆破片装置的设计一直沿用手工方式，使得设计周期长、效率低、随意性大、重复性大，难以满足生产发展的需要。随着CAD技术的发展，参数化绘图技术不断成熟，以AutoCAD为平台进行有针对性的二次开发，实现参数化绘图是提高设计效率的有效途径。
为了提高爆破片装置的设计效率，开发了爆破片装置CAD参数化自动设计与绘图系统。该系统包括两个功能模块：绘图参数自动设计模块和参数化绘图模块。绘图参数自动设计模块能够根据爆破片装置原始设计条件进行爆破片厚度的自动计算、工装的自动选择、夹持器结构尺寸的设计、标准件自动选择以及其它零件的设计。这些设计参数能够被自动存入数据库，并转化为绘图文件。参数化绘图模块包括LP、LC、LF、YC、YD、YE等六种型式爆破片装置所有设计图纸的参数化绘图程序，共计37个。参数化绘图程序可根据绘图文件的信息，完成各种型式爆破片装置设计图纸的自动绘制。通过爆破片装置参数化绘图程序的开发，探索出了一条实现参数化按比例自动绘图的方法，解决了工程图的自动按比例绘制和标题栏、明细表的自动填写问题。
由本系统绘制的图纸可达到工程应用的水平，极大地提高了爆破片装置的设计效率。
Bursting disc device is one of safety accessories to prevent pressure-tight device (pressure vessel, equipment and pipeline) from overpressure. To make it work properly, bursting disc devices must be designed and manufactured for a certain batch according to the working conditions. It is a taxing task to design the bursting disc devices. The designing work includes calculating design parameters, searching structural parameters and drawing some design drawings, etc.
The design of bursting disc devices is usually based on manual work, which directly results in long design period, inefficiency and repetition. It can hardly meet the demand of manufacture. With the development of CAD technology, parametric drawing technology is more and more mature, the best way to improve design efficiency is to realize parametric drawing by further development based on AutoCAD.
To improve the efficiency of the design, the CAD automatic design and parametric drawing system for bursting disc devices was developed. The system is make up of bursting disc devices automatic design module and parametric drawing module. The bursting disc devices automatic design module can calculate the thickness of the bursting disc, select right frock, design the structure and dimension of the holder, select standard accessory and design other needed parts automatically according to the set design conditions. All of the designed data is stored in a database and then transform to a drawing file. The parametric drawing module includes parametric programmes of LP,LC,LF,YC,YD and YE type of bursting disc devices. It has 37 programmes which can finish parametric drawing of all of these six types of bursting disc devices. Thus the parametric drawing module can finish the assembly drawing and accessory drawing of bursting disc devices automatically according to information from drawing file. A method to realize automatic parametric drawing to a scale was found through the bursting disc devices parametric drawing system, the problem of automatic drawing by scale and fill in title bar and list automatically is solved by this method.
This technique can improve bursting disc devices design efficiency greatly. The drawings finished by this system can be directly used in the manufacture of bursting disc devices.
引文
[1]汪树玉，刘国华，陈福林．计算机辅助设计．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1998，1．
[2]钱汉臣，李学志．计算机实用图形学与CAD技术．重庆：西南师范大学出版社．1996．
[3]蔡颖，薛庆，徐弘山．CAD/CAM原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社．1998，2．
[4]K.H. LEE, J.K. LEE, N.S. PARK. Intelligent approach to a CAD system for the layout design of a ship engine room. Computer ind. Engng Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 599-608,1998
[5]Nanua Singh. A Knowledge Engineering Framework for Rapid Design, Computers ind. Engng, Vol. 33, Nosl-2:p. 345～348,1997.
[6]Rosenman MA, Gero JS. Modelling multiple views of design objects in aollaborative CAD environment. CAD, Special Issue on AI in Design, 1996;28(3):207-216.
[7]PAvan Elsas, JSM Vergeest. New functionality for computer-aided conceptual design: the displacement feature, Design Studies. 19(1998)81-102.
[8]Halimahtun, M. Khalid. Modelling and analysis of CAD expert behaviour in using manual input devices. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 27 (2001) 79-92.
[9]刘宏增，黄靖远．虚拟设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[10]Tushar Hdani, Rajit Gadh. Creation of concept shape designs via a virtualreality interface. Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 575-584,1997.
[11]李万庆，宋德玉．计算机辅助设计技术．北京：冶金工业出版社．1999，9．
[12]范玉青，冯秀娟，周建华．CAD软件设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996，3．
[13]童时中，李平．二次开发是CAD取得实效的关键环节．电子机械工程．1999，4．(1999年第2期)．
[14]纪国富，叶霜．CAD在换热器设计中的应用．冶金能源．1999，5：35～38．
[15]梁宏宝，徐步云，阎乐好．阀门的计算机辅助制造．阀门，2002，2：30～32．
[16]单明．水泵CAD系统的研制．机械工程师，1998，4，52～53．
[17]郭剑峰，陈杉，王宁．用Visual LISP开发AutoCAD2000应用程序，北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[18]许锦泓，董玉德，谭建荣，吴智敏，尺寸驱动的构造过程参数化绘图方法的研究与实现．机械设计．1999，11．
[19]傅伟．化工设备图中零件参数化技术．扬州职业大学学报，2000，4：14～17．
[20]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．我国爆破片技术进展．锅炉压力容器安全．1986，6．
[21]张春霞，贺匡国，丁信伟．压缩型爆破片临界失稳特性的研究．化工机械．1993，2
[22]李志义．爆破片使用中的安全性．锅炉压力容器安全．第6卷第1期．
[23]王淑兰，喻健良，温殿江，钟华，宋永锋．全开式无碎片毫秒级爆破片爆破特性的研究．石油化工设备，第24卷第2期．
[24]Paul W.H. Chung, Shuang-Hua Yang, Chao-Hong He. Conceptual design of pressure relief systems. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 13 (2000) 519-526.
[25]L.R. Harris. Select the right rupture disk. Hydrocarbon processing. May1983.
[26]J.M. PIPIE, J.F.W. BROWN. Bursting disc assemblies—their design and manufacture. TRANS. INSTN CHEM. ENGRS, Vol. 31,1953.
[27]CARL J. HOLINGER, SAFTY DISKS, Instruments & Automation-vol. 27.
[28]B.G. LIPTAK, Crawford & Russell,Inc. Rupture-disk Systems Provide Protection for Pressure Vessels. Chemical Engineering. July5, 1965.
[29]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．我国压力容器防超压安全泄放技术现状与发展，化工机械，1989，4．
[30]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．隔离式安全阀——一种防超压安全泄放新技术．锅炉压力容器安全．第5卷第5期．
[31]钱逸，吕忠良主编．压力容器安全技术基础．北京：中国劳动出版社．1984
[32]俞炯亮．爆破片技术综述，化工机械．1984，4，
[33]詹武，侯旭，Visual FoxPro 6.0 中文版编程实例详解．北京：电子工业出版社．1999，3．
[34]文振锟，中文Visual FoxPro 6.0 与多媒体管理应用系统开发．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[35]同济大学、上海交通大学等院校《机械制图》编写组编．机械制图．第三版．北京：1988．4．
[36]王春森 主编．程序设计(高级程序员级)．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．180．
[2]钱汉臣，李学志．计算机实用图形学与CAD技术．重庆：西南师范大学出版社．1996．
[3]蔡颖，薛庆，徐弘山．CAD/CAM原理与应用．北京：机械工业出版社．1998，2．
[4]K.H. LEE, J.K. LEE, N.S. PARK. Intelligent approach to a CAD system for the layout design of a ship engine room. Computer ind. Engng Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 599-608,1998
[5]Nanua Singh. A Knowledge Engineering Framework for Rapid Design, Computers ind. Engng, Vol. 33, Nosl-2:p. 345～348,1997.
[6]Rosenman MA, Gero JS. Modelling multiple views of design objects in aollaborative CAD environment. CAD, Special Issue on AI in Design, 1996;28(3):207-216.
[7]PAvan Elsas, JSM Vergeest. New functionality for computer-aided conceptual design: the displacement feature, Design Studies. 19(1998)81-102.
[8]Halimahtun, M. Khalid. Modelling and analysis of CAD expert behaviour in using manual input devices. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 27 (2001) 79-92.
[9]刘宏增，黄靖远．虚拟设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1999．
[10]Tushar Hdani, Rajit Gadh. Creation of concept shape designs via a virtualreality interface. Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 575-584,1997.
[11]李万庆，宋德玉．计算机辅助设计技术．北京：冶金工业出版社．1999，9．
[12]范玉青，冯秀娟，周建华．CAD软件设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1996，3．
[13]童时中，李平．二次开发是CAD取得实效的关键环节．电子机械工程．1999，4．(1999年第2期)．
[14]纪国富，叶霜．CAD在换热器设计中的应用．冶金能源．1999，5：35～38．
[15]梁宏宝，徐步云，阎乐好．阀门的计算机辅助制造．阀门，2002，2：30～32．
[16]单明．水泵CAD系统的研制．机械工程师，1998，4，52～53．
[17]郭剑峰，陈杉，王宁．用Visual LISP开发AutoCAD2000应用程序，北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[18]许锦泓，董玉德，谭建荣，吴智敏，尺寸驱动的构造过程参数化绘图方法的研究与实现．机械设计．1999，11．
[19]傅伟．化工设备图中零件参数化技术．扬州职业大学学报，2000，4：14～17．
[20]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．我国爆破片技术进展．锅炉压力容器安全．1986，6．
[21]张春霞，贺匡国，丁信伟．压缩型爆破片临界失稳特性的研究．化工机械．1993，2
[22]李志义．爆破片使用中的安全性．锅炉压力容器安全．第6卷第1期．
[23]王淑兰，喻健良，温殿江，钟华，宋永锋．全开式无碎片毫秒级爆破片爆破特性的研究．石油化工设备，第24卷第2期．
[24]Paul W.H. Chung, Shuang-Hua Yang, Chao-Hong He. Conceptual design of pressure relief systems. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 13 (2000) 519-526.
[25]L.R. Harris. Select the right rupture disk. Hydrocarbon processing. May1983.
[26]J.M. PIPIE, J.F.W. BROWN. Bursting disc assemblies—their design and manufacture. TRANS. INSTN CHEM. ENGRS, Vol. 31,1953.
[27]CARL J. HOLINGER, SAFTY DISKS, Instruments & Automation-vol. 27.
[28]B.G. LIPTAK, Crawford & Russell,Inc. Rupture-disk Systems Provide Protection for Pressure Vessels. Chemical Engineering. July5, 1965.
[29]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．我国压力容器防超压安全泄放技术现状与发展，化工机械，1989，4．
[30]李志义，丁信伟，贺匡国．隔离式安全阀——一种防超压安全泄放新技术．锅炉压力容器安全．第5卷第5期．
[31]钱逸，吕忠良主编．压力容器安全技术基础．北京：中国劳动出版社．1984
[32]俞炯亮．爆破片技术综述，化工机械．1984，4，
[33]詹武，侯旭，Visual FoxPro 6.0 中文版编程实例详解．北京：电子工业出版社．1999，3．
[34]文振锟，中文Visual FoxPro 6.0 与多媒体管理应用系统开发．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000．
[35]同济大学、上海交通大学等院校《机械制图》编写组编．机械制图．第三版．北京：1988．4．
[36]王春森 主编．程序设计(高级程序员级)．北京：清华大学出版社．1999．180．