煤气化高层厂房振动台模型试验设计及有限元分析
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摘要
为了利用煤炭缓解石油紧张的状况，我国2001年正式实施了“煤代油”计划，“煤代油”是能源领域的重点发展对象。《煤炭工业“十一五”发展规划》提出要有序推进煤炭转化示范工程建设，为今后十年产业化发展奠定基础。“煤代油”工程的工艺特点和使用要求决定了其厂房结构高大，而且设备具有很大的质量和刚度。传统的设计方法没有考虑地震作用下设备与结构的动力相互作用，往往将设备作为等效荷载处理，直接施加在结构的相关部位，这样不能反应结构与设备在地震作用下的真实动力反应。鉴于煤气化高层厂房的重要性及存在的设计缺陷，本文从试验角度对煤气化高层厂房与大型设备的动力相互作用进行研究。
本文对某煤气化高层厂房进行振动台模型试验设计，以相似原理为基础，采用结构的静、动力特性等效原则，提出了1：25的简化结构模型和设备模型，并完成了地震波加载和测试方案设计。利用有限元软件ANSYS对简化的结构模型和设备模型进行仿真模拟，与原型的抗侧刚度、动力特性、水平地震作用下的动力反应进行对比验证。对振动台模型输入不同场地特征周期的地震波，并改变地震波的作用方向，利用ANSYS对结构模型构件和设备模型进行抗震验算，并分别进行忽略设备和考虑设备对结构的动力作用等两种情况的对比计算和分析，探讨了在水平地震作用下模型的动力反应，分析了结构与设备的动力相互作用关系。
通过利用有限元软件ANSYS对简化的振动台模型与原型进行对比分析，证明了模型简化方案的可行性，为简化模型的制作和验证提供有益的思路。通过不同场地特征周期的地震波作用下弹性阶段的时程分析，验证了振动台模型没有发生屈服或破坏，并得到了振动台模型的地震反应。考虑相互作用后，结构的动力反应得到了降低，而设备的反应发生了放大。振动台模型试验设计方案及有限元计算结果为下一步的振动台试验打下基础，有关方法和结论对今后的试验工作和类似工程有一定的参考价值。
In order to develop coal energy to deal with oil crisis, in2001 the country carries out the "Coal Replacing Oil Program", which is the key object in energy domain. In the Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan of Coal Industry, the Coal Replacing Oil engineering should be prompted orderly to lay the foundation for industrialization development in later 10 years. The operating requirements of Coal Replacing Oil engineering decide that the structure is high, and the equipment is huge. The dynamical interaction is omitted in traditional seismic designs, and the equipment is treated as equivalent load and putted on the structures, which is obviously can't reflect the real dynamical response of structures and equipment. In view of the importance of the plant and design defect, it is the dynamical interaction of the structure and equipment in coal gasification building that is studied though experimental aspect in the paper.
A 1:25 simplified shaking table model including the structure and equipment is designed according to similarity theory and equivalent principle of structural static and dynamical property. The seismic wave loading and testing program is also designed. The dynamic characteristic and response of simplified modal is calculated and similar to the prototype by using finite element software ANSYS. By means of inputting waves of different characteristic site periods and changing the direction of seismic waves, the shaking modal section is calculated, and the dynamical interaction of the shaking model is analyzed in two comparison cases of considering and neglecting the dynamical action of equipment.
The simplified model is similar to the prototype and the simplified method is proved feasible though the analysis and comparison of the model with prototype by ANSYS, which is helpful to later simplified model tests designs. Through time-history analysis in different earthquake waves, the seismic response is calculated and dynamical interaction is analyzed. The dynamical effect of the structure is reduced; however the effect of equipment is magnified after considering the dynamical interaction. Some results are helpful to later experiment and similar engineering researches.
本文对某煤气化高层厂房进行振动台模型试验设计，以相似原理为基础，采用结构的静、动力特性等效原则，提出了1：25的简化结构模型和设备模型，并完成了地震波加载和测试方案设计。利用有限元软件ANSYS对简化的结构模型和设备模型进行仿真模拟，与原型的抗侧刚度、动力特性、水平地震作用下的动力反应进行对比验证。对振动台模型输入不同场地特征周期的地震波，并改变地震波的作用方向，利用ANSYS对结构模型构件和设备模型进行抗震验算，并分别进行忽略设备和考虑设备对结构的动力作用等两种情况的对比计算和分析，探讨了在水平地震作用下模型的动力反应，分析了结构与设备的动力相互作用关系。
通过利用有限元软件ANSYS对简化的振动台模型与原型进行对比分析，证明了模型简化方案的可行性，为简化模型的制作和验证提供有益的思路。通过不同场地特征周期的地震波作用下弹性阶段的时程分析，验证了振动台模型没有发生屈服或破坏，并得到了振动台模型的地震反应。考虑相互作用后，结构的动力反应得到了降低，而设备的反应发生了放大。振动台模型试验设计方案及有限元计算结果为下一步的振动台试验打下基础，有关方法和结论对今后的试验工作和类似工程有一定的参考价值。
In order to develop coal energy to deal with oil crisis, in2001 the country carries out the "Coal Replacing Oil Program", which is the key object in energy domain. In the Eleventh Five-Year Development Plan of Coal Industry, the Coal Replacing Oil engineering should be prompted orderly to lay the foundation for industrialization development in later 10 years. The operating requirements of Coal Replacing Oil engineering decide that the structure is high, and the equipment is huge. The dynamical interaction is omitted in traditional seismic designs, and the equipment is treated as equivalent load and putted on the structures, which is obviously can't reflect the real dynamical response of structures and equipment. In view of the importance of the plant and design defect, it is the dynamical interaction of the structure and equipment in coal gasification building that is studied though experimental aspect in the paper.
A 1:25 simplified shaking table model including the structure and equipment is designed according to similarity theory and equivalent principle of structural static and dynamical property. The seismic wave loading and testing program is also designed. The dynamic characteristic and response of simplified modal is calculated and similar to the prototype by using finite element software ANSYS. By means of inputting waves of different characteristic site periods and changing the direction of seismic waves, the shaking modal section is calculated, and the dynamical interaction of the shaking model is analyzed in two comparison cases of considering and neglecting the dynamical action of equipment.
The simplified model is similar to the prototype and the simplified method is proved feasible though the analysis and comparison of the model with prototype by ANSYS, which is helpful to later simplified model tests designs. Through time-history analysis in different earthquake waves, the seismic response is calculated and dynamical interaction is analyzed. The dynamical effect of the structure is reduced; however the effect of equipment is magnified after considering the dynamical interaction. Some results are helpful to later experiment and similar engineering researches.
引文
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[36] 邹昀，吕西林等．上海环球中心大厦整体结构振动台试验设计．地震工程与工程振动，2005．25(4)：54～59
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[02] 王连勇，蔡九菊，冯杰等．煤代油技术研究进展．中国冶金，2005．15(8)：45～48
[03] Roberto Villaverde. Simplified Response-Spectrum Seismic Analysis of Nonlinear Structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1996. 122: 282-285
[04] Suarez, L. E. and Singh, M. P. Seismic Floor Spectra and Structure-Equipment Interaction Effects. Transactions of the International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, 1985: 35～40
[05] Suarez, Luis E. and Singh, Mahendra. P. Seismic Response of SDF Equipment-Structure System. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 1987, 113(1): 16～30
[06] Suarez, L. E. and Singh, M. P. Floor Response Spectra with Structure-Equipment Interaction Effects by a Mode Synthesis Approach.. Earthquake Engyneering. 1987, 15: 141～158
[07] J. A. Gatscher, P. J. Caldwell, etc, Seismic Qualification Testing of Nonstructural Components and Equipment. Proceedings of the 2004 Structures congress, 2004: 841～852
[08] Lih-Shing and Henry T. Y. Yang etc. Vibration Control of Tall Buildings under Seismic and Wind Loads. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1996. 122(8): 948～957
[09] Roberto Villaverde. Seismic Design of Secondary Structures: State of the Art. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997. 123: 1011-1019
[10] Yeong-Bin Yang and Wei-Hsi Huang. Equipment-Structure Interaction Considering the Effect of Torsion and Base Isolation. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1998. 27: 155-171
[11] 王亚勇．关于设计反应谱、时程法和能量方法的探讨．建筑结构学报，2000．21(1)：21～28
[12] 卢薇，陆钦年，欧进萍．工业设备的抗震计算模型与破坏准则．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，1997，30(1)：1～8
[13] 李杰等．工业结构—设备体系在地震作用下的动力相互作用研究．地震工程与工程振动，1997．17(2)：98～105
[14] 孙增寿，陈淮等．结构—设备复合系统振动特性研究．工业建筑，1997．27(2)：20～24
[15] 董宏波，陆钦年等．安装在楼层上的设备抗震计算．工业建筑，2005．35：202～204
[16] 李永双，刘春明．复杂工业建筑中结构与设备整体计算分析．建筑结构，2006，36：72～75
[17] 朱彤．结构动力模型相似问题及结构动力试验技术研究：[博士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，2006
[18] Subhash C Goel. United States-Japan Cooperative earquake engineering research program on composite and hybrid structures. J. struct, Eng, 2004(2): 157-158
[19] 龚炳年，郝锐坤等．钢—混凝土混合结构模型动力特性的试验研究．建筑结构学报，1995．16(3)：37～43
[20] 王鑫．钢筋混凝土模型框架振动台试验分析和抗震性能评估：[硕士学位论文]．西安：西安建筑科技大学，2006
[21] 李德寅，王邦楣，林亚超．结构模型试验．北京：科学出版社，1996
[22] 李爱群，高振世．工程结构抗震设计．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003
[23] 姚振纲，刘祖华．建筑结构试验．上海：同济大学出版社，1996
[24] 李忠献．工程结构试验理论与技术．天津：天津大学出版社，2004
[25] 杨俊杰．相似理论与结构模型试验．武汉：武汉理工大学出版社，2005
[26] 林皋，朱彤，林蓓．结构动力模型试验的相似技巧．大连理工大学学报，2001．40(1)：1～7
[27] 沈祖炎，黄奎生，陈以一等．大型火电厂主厂房钢支撑-框架结构振动台试验模型．建筑科学与工程学报，2006，23(40)：1～5
[28] R．W．克拉夫著，王光远译．结构动力学．北京：科学出版社，1985
[29] 龙炳煌．建筑抗震减震设计原理．湖北：湖北科学技术出版社，2000
[30] 吕西林等．钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用．上海：同济大学出版社，1997
[31] 王进廷，金峰等．结构抗震试验方法的发展．地震工程与工程振动，2005．25(4)：37～43
[32] 张昕，周德源等．某高层建筑结构模型振动台试验研究及有限元分析．地震工程与工程振动，1999．19(3)：37～43
[33] 周颖，吕西林等．不同结构的振动台试验模型等效设计方法．结构工程师，2006．22(4)：37～40
[34] 张敏政．地震模拟试验中相似律应用的若干问题．地震工程与工程振动，1997．17(2)：52～57
[35] 张敏政，孟庆利．建筑结构的地震模拟试验研究．工程抗震，2003．(4)：31～35
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