工业系统管道支架的整体分析
|
摘要
上世纪五、六十年代建设的工业系统管道支架,越来越多的接近或超过使用年限,受使用环境的作用,破损严重。同时,由于生产工艺的要求,致使管道支架布置繁杂、新旧不齐、同一区段内支架结构类型不同。现阶段我国还没有针对管道支架检测与可靠性鉴定的相应规范,本文根据管道支架的使用现状和特点,结合现有标准规范制定了科学、合理的方案进行可靠性鉴定和抗震鉴定,为加固和改造提供依据。
在工业系统管道支架的设计与计算中,现阶段更多采用的是基于结构的设计方法,认为管道对管道支架的整体刚度、性能不产生影响,将其视为荷载加载到管道支架上来进行管道支架的设计与计算。这种设计方法与管道支架系统的实际受力情况有很大差异,考虑管道与管道支架的相互作用进行结构整体计算更能与实际相符。本文对工业系统管道支架从可靠性鉴定、承载力验算、整体抗震性能分析三方面进行了研究。
(1)根据现有规范以及管道支架的安全隐患,对于工业系统管道支架的可靠性鉴定提出合理的方案。
(2)对独立式管道支架采用基于结构的计算模型和考虑非结构构件(管道)的整体模型进行计算。通过承载力计算,对比了两种计算结果的差异,分析了引起差异的原因以及影响差异的因素。
(3)对管道支架系统的计算单元进行整体建模并分别采用底部剪力法、反应谱法、时程分析法进行抗震计算。由于SAP2000软件能更方便合理的模拟管道与管道支架的相互作用。所以,本文采用SAP2000对管道与管道支架进行整体建模计算,对比分析了管道对于管道支架系统的整体承载力以及抗震性能的影响。
More and more pipe racks in industrial system in 1950s and 1960s approach or exceed their useful life, some are seriously damaged for environmental impact. At the same time, production requirements cause multifarious arrangement, mixture of old and new and different stent structure types in the same section. At present there is no corresponding specification and guidance for detection and evaluation for pipe racks. According to using status and characters of pipe racks,combing existing standards, the paper formulates scientific and reasonable scheme to do the seismic appraiser and reliability evaluation, providing basis for reinforcement and transformation.
In design and calculation of pipe racks in industrial system, mostly design methods based on structure are taken, which consider pipe racks exert no effect on stiffness and property of pipelines, to design and calculate regarding it as load applied to pipe racks. Such a design method has great difference with actual stress of pipe racks , and it is more practical to calculate integer structure taking interaction of pipe racks and pipelines into consideration. This paper does research on pipe racks from the aspects of reliability evaluation、bearing capacity calculation and analysis of overall seismic performance.
(1)According to the existing regulations and potential safety hazard of pipe racks, the paper puts forward reasonable scheme for reliability evaluation of pipe racks in industrial system.
(2)For independent pipe racks, it calculates models based on structure and overall model of nonstructural components. Through the bearing capacity calculation, compares the differences of two results, analyzes the causes and influence factors of differences.
(3)It makes overall models for unit of pipe racks, and does anti-seismic calculation by equivalent base shear method、response spectrum method and time history method. For Software SAP2000 can simulate interaction of pipe racks and pipelines much conveniently and reasonably, it calculates whole modeling of pipe racks and pipelines by Software SAP2000 in this paper, compares and analyzes influences of pipelines to overall capacity and seismic performance of pipe racks.
在工业系统管道支架的设计与计算中,现阶段更多采用的是基于结构的设计方法,认为管道对管道支架的整体刚度、性能不产生影响,将其视为荷载加载到管道支架上来进行管道支架的设计与计算。这种设计方法与管道支架系统的实际受力情况有很大差异,考虑管道与管道支架的相互作用进行结构整体计算更能与实际相符。本文对工业系统管道支架从可靠性鉴定、承载力验算、整体抗震性能分析三方面进行了研究。
(1)根据现有规范以及管道支架的安全隐患,对于工业系统管道支架的可靠性鉴定提出合理的方案。
(2)对独立式管道支架采用基于结构的计算模型和考虑非结构构件(管道)的整体模型进行计算。通过承载力计算,对比了两种计算结果的差异,分析了引起差异的原因以及影响差异的因素。
(3)对管道支架系统的计算单元进行整体建模并分别采用底部剪力法、反应谱法、时程分析法进行抗震计算。由于SAP2000软件能更方便合理的模拟管道与管道支架的相互作用。所以,本文采用SAP2000对管道与管道支架进行整体建模计算,对比分析了管道对于管道支架系统的整体承载力以及抗震性能的影响。
More and more pipe racks in industrial system in 1950s and 1960s approach or exceed their useful life, some are seriously damaged for environmental impact. At the same time, production requirements cause multifarious arrangement, mixture of old and new and different stent structure types in the same section. At present there is no corresponding specification and guidance for detection and evaluation for pipe racks. According to using status and characters of pipe racks,combing existing standards, the paper formulates scientific and reasonable scheme to do the seismic appraiser and reliability evaluation, providing basis for reinforcement and transformation.
In design and calculation of pipe racks in industrial system, mostly design methods based on structure are taken, which consider pipe racks exert no effect on stiffness and property of pipelines, to design and calculate regarding it as load applied to pipe racks. Such a design method has great difference with actual stress of pipe racks , and it is more practical to calculate integer structure taking interaction of pipe racks and pipelines into consideration. This paper does research on pipe racks from the aspects of reliability evaluation、bearing capacity calculation and analysis of overall seismic performance.
(1)According to the existing regulations and potential safety hazard of pipe racks, the paper puts forward reasonable scheme for reliability evaluation of pipe racks in industrial system.
(2)For independent pipe racks, it calculates models based on structure and overall model of nonstructural components. Through the bearing capacity calculation, compares the differences of two results, analyzes the causes and influence factors of differences.
(3)It makes overall models for unit of pipe racks, and does anti-seismic calculation by equivalent base shear method、response spectrum method and time history method. For Software SAP2000 can simulate interaction of pipe racks and pipelines much conveniently and reasonably, it calculates whole modeling of pipe racks and pipelines by Software SAP2000 in this paper, compares and analyzes influences of pipelines to overall capacity and seismic performance of pipe racks.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国行业标准,建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2010)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[2]中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准,石油化工管网支架设计规范(SH/T3055-2007)[S].中国石化出版社,2007
[3]杨明华,兰斌.钢结构分析和管道分析之间协同.Bentley用户优秀项目选集.2007:12-14
[4]曲昭嘉,王瑾,曲圣伟.简明管道支架设计及构造手册[M].北京:中国机械工业出版社,2002
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准,建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001)[S] .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[6]北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院.SAP2000中文使用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准,工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准(GBJ117-88)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[8]中华人民共和国行业标准,构筑物抗震设计规范(GB50191-93)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[9]中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准,石油化工建筑抗震鉴定标准(SH/T 3130-2002)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[10]李永双,刘春明,李楚舒.建筑结构增刊第36卷.复杂工业建筑中结构与设备整体计分析.2006.6
[11]朱丽华.基于主子系统耦合效应的直接空冷结构体系地震响应与破坏机理研究[D].西安建筑科技大学博士学位论文,2008,3.
[12] Miranda E,Taghavi S.Towards the prediction of nonstructural elements[C].Proceedings of 2003 SEAOC Convention,Squaw Valley,CA,September 2003.
[13] Singh A K,Ang A H.Stochastic prediction of maximum seismic of light secondary system[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design 1974,29(2):218-230
[14] Toro G R,Mcguire R K,Cornell CA,Sewell RT.Linear and nonlinear response ofstructures and equipment to California and Easter United States earthquakes[C].Report NP-5566.Palo Alto (CA):Electric Power Research Institute:1989
[15] Yang Y B, Huang W H. Equipment-structure interaction considering the effect of torsion and base isolation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1998, 27: 155-171
[16] Sackman J L, Kelly J M.Seismic annlysis of internal equipment and components in Structures[J]. Engineering Structure,1997.1:119-190.
[17] Kiureghiam A D, Sackman J L.Dynamic analysis of light equipment in structures:response to stochastic input [J]. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division ,ASCE,1983,109(1): 90-110.
[18] Singh M P, Suarez L P.Seismic response analysis of structural equipment systems with non-classical damping effects[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1987, 15: 871-888.
[19] Surez L E, Singh M P. Seismic response of SDF equipment-structure system[J]. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics ,ASCE,1987,113(1):16-30.
[20] Agrawal A K, Datta T K.Behavior of multiple supported secondary system mounted on a torsional coupled primary system[J].Journal of JSEE,2001,3(1):13-22.
[21] Hernried A G,Sackman J L.Response of secondary system in structures subjected to transient excitation[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1984, 12(6): 737-748.
[22]苏经宇,周锡元,樊水荣等.计算楼层上设备地震作用的方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1990,10(2):65-72.
[23]李杰,陈淮,赵晓.结构-设备动力相互作用研究综述[J].世界地震工程,1994,2:5-12.
[24]李杰,陈淮,孙增寿.结构-设备动力相互作用试验研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(1):157-161.
[25]陈建兵,李杰.设备体系动力相互作用研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,21(3):70-74.
[26]秦权,聂宇.非结构构件和设备的抗震设计和简化计算方法[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(3):15-20.
[27]闵书亮,孙峰,满振勇.附属结构的隔震方法[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1993,26(4):19-26.
[28]韩淼,王亮.主-附结构体系抗震研究的发展综述及展望[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2002,18(2):30-34.
[29]韩淼,王亮.考虑耦合影响的主-附结构体系减震分析[J].世界地震工程,(1):42-46.
[30]张向东,单海波.选煤厂结构设备复合体系抗震研究现状[J].煤质技术,2005,1:52-54.
[31]张向东.选煤厂结构-设备复合体系抗震研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2004.
[32]赵晓,李杰.结构-设备体系空间动力学模型建模[J].郑州工学院学报,1995,16(4):30-37.
[33]秦权,李瑛.非结构构件和设备的抗震设计楼面谱[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(6):82-86.
[34]李红星.大型火力发电厂空冷凝汽器支架结构体系研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[35] FEMA356 Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S].11-1-11-43.
[36] India Standard.Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures[S].Part 1 Gengral provisions and buildings.Fifth revision.2002.
[37]李永双,刘春明,李楚舒.复杂工业建筑结构与设备整体计算分析[J].建筑结构,2006,36(6):72-75.
[38] Miranda E,Taghavi S.Towards the prediction of seismic performance of nonstructural elements[C].Proceedings of 2003 SEAOC Convention,Squaw Valley,CA,September2003.
[39]李红星,赵春莲,朱军.基于设备的火电厂结构设计研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008,41(7):313-317.
[40] Guide to pipe Support design,Hydrocarbon Processing,Sept.1979
[41] Guide to pipe Support design,Hydrocarbon Processing,March.1979
[42]胡小龙.巴基斯坦UCH工程管道支架设计[J].Steel Construction 2004
[43]张文革,耿树江,李永录等.工业设备系统抗震评估[J].中国减灾,1999,9(2):41-45.
[44]房四平,张荣山.管道支架结构纵向作用力的合理分析[J].特种结构,1994第4期
[45]赵滇生,金三爱.有限元模型对输电塔架结构动力特性分析的影响[J].特种结构, 2004,21(3):8-11.
[46]朱丽华,白国良,李晓文等.基于主子系统耦合效应的直接空冷结构体系抗震性能研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):11-17.
[47]陈淮,李杰,孙增寿.地上管线的抗震可靠性分析[J].工业建筑,2006,26
[48]张凯.变电构架可靠性模糊综合评判研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文
[49]王振国.应用波形补偿器的热力管道固定支架受力计算[J].管道技术与设备,1997第3期
[50]赵更岐,白国良,赵春莲等.三跨空冷支架结构体系动力特性测试研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(1):88-91
[51]贾金燕,刘煦,赵春莲.温度作用下空冷凝器支架结构体系研究[J].山西建筑,2007,33(17):13-14
[52]焦江伟,赵春莲,李红星.冷凝器特性参数对空冷支架结构抗震性能的影响研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009.10
[53]李红星,赵春莲,朱军.基于结构内容物性能的复杂工业建筑设计的必要性及可行性研究[J].工业建筑,2008第38卷
[54]李国强,李杰,苏小卒.建筑结构抗震设计[D].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[2]中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准,石油化工管网支架设计规范(SH/T3055-2007)[S].中国石化出版社,2007
[3]杨明华,兰斌.钢结构分析和管道分析之间协同.Bentley用户优秀项目选集.2007:12-14
[4]曲昭嘉,王瑾,曲圣伟.简明管道支架设计及构造手册[M].北京:中国机械工业出版社,2002
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准,建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001)[S] .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[6]北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院.SAP2000中文使用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准,工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准(GBJ117-88)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[8]中华人民共和国行业标准,构筑物抗震设计规范(GB50191-93)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[9]中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准,石油化工建筑抗震鉴定标准(SH/T 3130-2002)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[10]李永双,刘春明,李楚舒.建筑结构增刊第36卷.复杂工业建筑中结构与设备整体计分析.2006.6
[11]朱丽华.基于主子系统耦合效应的直接空冷结构体系地震响应与破坏机理研究[D].西安建筑科技大学博士学位论文,2008,3.
[12] Miranda E,Taghavi S.Towards the prediction of nonstructural elements[C].Proceedings of 2003 SEAOC Convention,Squaw Valley,CA,September 2003.
[13] Singh A K,Ang A H.Stochastic prediction of maximum seismic of light secondary system[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design 1974,29(2):218-230
[14] Toro G R,Mcguire R K,Cornell CA,Sewell RT.Linear and nonlinear response ofstructures and equipment to California and Easter United States earthquakes[C].Report NP-5566.Palo Alto (CA):Electric Power Research Institute:1989
[15] Yang Y B, Huang W H. Equipment-structure interaction considering the effect of torsion and base isolation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1998, 27: 155-171
[16] Sackman J L, Kelly J M.Seismic annlysis of internal equipment and components in Structures[J]. Engineering Structure,1997.1:119-190.
[17] Kiureghiam A D, Sackman J L.Dynamic analysis of light equipment in structures:response to stochastic input [J]. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division ,ASCE,1983,109(1): 90-110.
[18] Singh M P, Suarez L P.Seismic response analysis of structural equipment systems with non-classical damping effects[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1987, 15: 871-888.
[19] Surez L E, Singh M P. Seismic response of SDF equipment-structure system[J]. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics ,ASCE,1987,113(1):16-30.
[20] Agrawal A K, Datta T K.Behavior of multiple supported secondary system mounted on a torsional coupled primary system[J].Journal of JSEE,2001,3(1):13-22.
[21] Hernried A G,Sackman J L.Response of secondary system in structures subjected to transient excitation[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics , 1984, 12(6): 737-748.
[22]苏经宇,周锡元,樊水荣等.计算楼层上设备地震作用的方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1990,10(2):65-72.
[23]李杰,陈淮,赵晓.结构-设备动力相互作用研究综述[J].世界地震工程,1994,2:5-12.
[24]李杰,陈淮,孙增寿.结构-设备动力相互作用试验研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(1):157-161.
[25]陈建兵,李杰.设备体系动力相互作用研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,21(3):70-74.
[26]秦权,聂宇.非结构构件和设备的抗震设计和简化计算方法[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(3):15-20.
[27]闵书亮,孙峰,满振勇.附属结构的隔震方法[J].哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1993,26(4):19-26.
[28]韩淼,王亮.主-附结构体系抗震研究的发展综述及展望[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2002,18(2):30-34.
[29]韩淼,王亮.考虑耦合影响的主-附结构体系减震分析[J].世界地震工程,(1):42-46.
[30]张向东,单海波.选煤厂结构设备复合体系抗震研究现状[J].煤质技术,2005,1:52-54.
[31]张向东.选煤厂结构-设备复合体系抗震研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2004.
[32]赵晓,李杰.结构-设备体系空间动力学模型建模[J].郑州工学院学报,1995,16(4):30-37.
[33]秦权,李瑛.非结构构件和设备的抗震设计楼面谱[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(6):82-86.
[34]李红星.大型火力发电厂空冷凝汽器支架结构体系研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[35] FEMA356 Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S].11-1-11-43.
[36] India Standard.Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures[S].Part 1 Gengral provisions and buildings.Fifth revision.2002.
[37]李永双,刘春明,李楚舒.复杂工业建筑结构与设备整体计算分析[J].建筑结构,2006,36(6):72-75.
[38] Miranda E,Taghavi S.Towards the prediction of seismic performance of nonstructural elements[C].Proceedings of 2003 SEAOC Convention,Squaw Valley,CA,September2003.
[39]李红星,赵春莲,朱军.基于设备的火电厂结构设计研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2008,41(7):313-317.
[40] Guide to pipe Support design,Hydrocarbon Processing,Sept.1979
[41] Guide to pipe Support design,Hydrocarbon Processing,March.1979
[42]胡小龙.巴基斯坦UCH工程管道支架设计[J].Steel Construction 2004
[43]张文革,耿树江,李永录等.工业设备系统抗震评估[J].中国减灾,1999,9(2):41-45.
[44]房四平,张荣山.管道支架结构纵向作用力的合理分析[J].特种结构,1994第4期
[45]赵滇生,金三爱.有限元模型对输电塔架结构动力特性分析的影响[J].特种结构, 2004,21(3):8-11.
[46]朱丽华,白国良,李晓文等.基于主子系统耦合效应的直接空冷结构体系抗震性能研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(2):11-17.
[47]陈淮,李杰,孙增寿.地上管线的抗震可靠性分析[J].工业建筑,2006,26
[48]张凯.变电构架可靠性模糊综合评判研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文
[49]王振国.应用波形补偿器的热力管道固定支架受力计算[J].管道技术与设备,1997第3期
[50]赵更岐,白国良,赵春莲等.三跨空冷支架结构体系动力特性测试研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(1):88-91
[51]贾金燕,刘煦,赵春莲.温度作用下空冷凝器支架结构体系研究[J].山西建筑,2007,33(17):13-14
[52]焦江伟,赵春莲,李红星.冷凝器特性参数对空冷支架结构抗震性能的影响研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009.10
[53]李红星,赵春莲,朱军.基于结构内容物性能的复杂工业建筑设计的必要性及可行性研究[J].工业建筑,2008第38卷
[54]李国强,李杰,苏小卒.建筑结构抗震设计[D].中国建筑工业出版社,2002