履带起重机履带架及附属件结构参数化设计与有限元分析
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摘要
现代机械工程产品设计大都需要有限元理论知识辅助设计,而通用有限元分析软件对用户的有限元理论知识和软件知识要求较高。同时,由于履带起重机的结构复杂,而且朝着大型化发展,在应用计算机分析履带起重机结构来辅助设计时,需要进行大量的预处理工作。在随后的设计和计算过程中,每改变一次履带起重机结构参数,就要重新进行一次有限元建模、划分网格、加载、后处理的过程,工作量会很繁重,这对设计人员而言相当不便。所以我们需要用参数化有限元分析技术来辅助履带起重机设计,以缩短产品设计周期,节约生产成本。
本文分析了履带起重机履带架及附属件的结构特点,在对参数化技术、有限元技术、ANSYS二次开发技术、编程技术和数据库技术深入研究的基础上,对履带起重机履带架及附属件进行参数化有限元分析。论文的主要研究工作和研究成果如下:
(1)对基于ANSYS-APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)语言参数化方法进行了深入的研究,用APDL语言实现履带架及附属件(四轮一带)有限元模型参数化。
(2)对履带起重机履带架及四轮一带结构有限元计算方法进行研究,分别对650吨和80吨履带起重机履带架进行强度分析,并对650吨履带起重机导向轮和支重轮及220吨履带起重机驱动轮分别进行强度分析。
(3)开发了履带起重机履带架及附属件参数化有限元分析专业软件,实现参数化有限元分析技术的可视化操作,使参数化有限元分析技术能更好的为工程设计人员服务。
(4)对基于参数化的优化技术进行探讨,以650吨履带起重机履带架进行手工优化设计,得到较优的一组履带架设计参数。
With the development of economic construction, road traffic, airport, harbor, water conservancy and hydropower, municipal construction and other infrastructure construction with a growing large scale in our country, the market demand for cranes greatly increased. The modern industry and raises more and more requests to crane's security and efficiency. How to design better high-performance crawler crane is one of the most concerned question for factory. In the past, staffs carry on the work alone; the majority of designers cannot use the finite element analysis software skilled. The general finite element analysis software has the high requirements to user's finite element theoretical knowledge and the software knowledge. Even though the finite element software developer has been improving software's user interface to cause its simple practical, it is still difficult to achieve the requests for a professional engineering and technical personnel who can easily use. At the same time, because crawler crane's structure is complex, moreover toward large scale development, when we analyze and calculate the crawler crane's structure using the computer, we needs to carry on the massive pre-processing work. What is following is the long computational process, and every change in the structure of a crawler crane parameters, it is necessary to carry out the process of establishment finite element model, delineation of grid, the load and post-processing. For example, when we design a plate of crawler crane, after some calculations, and found that materials waste. In order to achieve the goal of both the economy and the safe, certain part's width should be reduced. Regarding the simple structure, the change parameter and re-computation are relatively easy to achieve, but regarding the complex structure, such as crawler crane, change the corresponding parameters of re-calculation will be very heavy workload, which is very inconvenient in terms of designers.
In order to solve the above problem, just changing the implementation parameters for each analysis will be able to automatically generate finite element model and carry on the finite element computation, So that the finite element method can applied to the design of structure better. Crawler crane on the parameters of the finite element analysis solution has been proposed base on the deep research of the parameterization technology, the finite element technology, the technology of secondary development of the software ANSYS and the technology of object oriented programming. To this end, Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. and College of Mechanical Science and Engineering Jilin University carry out the research regarding this concrete actual production.
This paper is the summary of the development process about the above topic crawler crane parameterization design software in side frame of crawler crane and its accessories. The part of the whole development process passed through about one year. This period, structural characteristics of the side frame of crawler crane and its Accessories have been analyzed. the side frame of crawler crane and its Accessories on the parameters of the finite element analysis solution has been carried base on the deep research of the parameterization technology, the finite element parameterization technology, the technology of secondary development of the software ANSYS and the technology of object oriented programming. The thesis main research work and research results are as follows:
(1) summarize the parameters of methods, to analyze the characteristics of parametric methods, special carried out in-depth research for the parameterization method based on ANSY-APDL language, which laying the foundation for using APDL language to control the parameters of the complex and changeable structure.
(2) The element model of the crawler crane's side frame parameterized with the APDL language is realizes, the finite element computational method of the two main crawler crane's side frame types have been studied; each pattern respectively carries on the discussion by the computational method of the crawler crane's side frame independent model and the computational method of the crawler crane's side frame assembly model.
(3) Take the test load case as an example, the strength analysis separately to the side frame of 650 ton and 80 ton crawler crane is carried on.
(4) The element model of accessories of the crawler crane's side frame parameterized with the APDL language is realizes, the finite element computational method of the guide wheel, driving wheel and track roller have been studied.
(5) Take the test load case as an example, the strength analysis separately to guide wheel of 650 ton crawler crane and driving wheel of 80 ton crawler crane is carried on.
(6) The side frame of crawler crane and its accessories, the part of crawler crane parameterization design software, have been developed. The finite element analysis of the parameters of the visualization technology to operate is realized, which can make the parameterization finite element analysis technology service better for the engineering designer.
(7) The simple discussion which based on the parameterization optimization techniques is carried on. The manual optimization design about the side frame of 650 ton crawler crane is carried on, and obtains a superior group of variable of crawler crane's side frame.
This topic's completion provides a fast, convenient and accurate tool for the crawler crane designers. During the period of the serial products design, its structural style is the same, but the structure size is different, if we carries on the modeling analysis one by one, needs to spend the massive manpower and the physical resource resources, and creates the design cycle extension. The introduction of the idea of parameters to the finite element analysis products can reduce the workload of finite element analysis, shorten the design cycle and improve design efficiency.
本文分析了履带起重机履带架及附属件的结构特点,在对参数化技术、有限元技术、ANSYS二次开发技术、编程技术和数据库技术深入研究的基础上,对履带起重机履带架及附属件进行参数化有限元分析。论文的主要研究工作和研究成果如下:
(1)对基于ANSYS-APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)语言参数化方法进行了深入的研究,用APDL语言实现履带架及附属件(四轮一带)有限元模型参数化。
(2)对履带起重机履带架及四轮一带结构有限元计算方法进行研究,分别对650吨和80吨履带起重机履带架进行强度分析,并对650吨履带起重机导向轮和支重轮及220吨履带起重机驱动轮分别进行强度分析。
(3)开发了履带起重机履带架及附属件参数化有限元分析专业软件,实现参数化有限元分析技术的可视化操作,使参数化有限元分析技术能更好的为工程设计人员服务。
(4)对基于参数化的优化技术进行探讨,以650吨履带起重机履带架进行手工优化设计,得到较优的一组履带架设计参数。
With the development of economic construction, road traffic, airport, harbor, water conservancy and hydropower, municipal construction and other infrastructure construction with a growing large scale in our country, the market demand for cranes greatly increased. The modern industry and raises more and more requests to crane's security and efficiency. How to design better high-performance crawler crane is one of the most concerned question for factory. In the past, staffs carry on the work alone; the majority of designers cannot use the finite element analysis software skilled. The general finite element analysis software has the high requirements to user's finite element theoretical knowledge and the software knowledge. Even though the finite element software developer has been improving software's user interface to cause its simple practical, it is still difficult to achieve the requests for a professional engineering and technical personnel who can easily use. At the same time, because crawler crane's structure is complex, moreover toward large scale development, when we analyze and calculate the crawler crane's structure using the computer, we needs to carry on the massive pre-processing work. What is following is the long computational process, and every change in the structure of a crawler crane parameters, it is necessary to carry out the process of establishment finite element model, delineation of grid, the load and post-processing. For example, when we design a plate of crawler crane, after some calculations, and found that materials waste. In order to achieve the goal of both the economy and the safe, certain part's width should be reduced. Regarding the simple structure, the change parameter and re-computation are relatively easy to achieve, but regarding the complex structure, such as crawler crane, change the corresponding parameters of re-calculation will be very heavy workload, which is very inconvenient in terms of designers.
In order to solve the above problem, just changing the implementation parameters for each analysis will be able to automatically generate finite element model and carry on the finite element computation, So that the finite element method can applied to the design of structure better. Crawler crane on the parameters of the finite element analysis solution has been proposed base on the deep research of the parameterization technology, the finite element technology, the technology of secondary development of the software ANSYS and the technology of object oriented programming. To this end, Xuzhou Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. and College of Mechanical Science and Engineering Jilin University carry out the research regarding this concrete actual production.
This paper is the summary of the development process about the above topic crawler crane parameterization design software in side frame of crawler crane and its accessories. The part of the whole development process passed through about one year. This period, structural characteristics of the side frame of crawler crane and its Accessories have been analyzed. the side frame of crawler crane and its Accessories on the parameters of the finite element analysis solution has been carried base on the deep research of the parameterization technology, the finite element parameterization technology, the technology of secondary development of the software ANSYS and the technology of object oriented programming. The thesis main research work and research results are as follows:
(1) summarize the parameters of methods, to analyze the characteristics of parametric methods, special carried out in-depth research for the parameterization method based on ANSY-APDL language, which laying the foundation for using APDL language to control the parameters of the complex and changeable structure.
(2) The element model of the crawler crane's side frame parameterized with the APDL language is realizes, the finite element computational method of the two main crawler crane's side frame types have been studied; each pattern respectively carries on the discussion by the computational method of the crawler crane's side frame independent model and the computational method of the crawler crane's side frame assembly model.
(3) Take the test load case as an example, the strength analysis separately to the side frame of 650 ton and 80 ton crawler crane is carried on.
(4) The element model of accessories of the crawler crane's side frame parameterized with the APDL language is realizes, the finite element computational method of the guide wheel, driving wheel and track roller have been studied.
(5) Take the test load case as an example, the strength analysis separately to guide wheel of 650 ton crawler crane and driving wheel of 80 ton crawler crane is carried on.
(6) The side frame of crawler crane and its accessories, the part of crawler crane parameterization design software, have been developed. The finite element analysis of the parameters of the visualization technology to operate is realized, which can make the parameterization finite element analysis technology service better for the engineering designer.
(7) The simple discussion which based on the parameterization optimization techniques is carried on. The manual optimization design about the side frame of 650 ton crawler crane is carried on, and obtains a superior group of variable of crawler crane's side frame.
This topic's completion provides a fast, convenient and accurate tool for the crawler crane designers. During the period of the serial products design, its structural style is the same, but the structure size is different, if we carries on the modeling analysis one by one, needs to spend the massive manpower and the physical resource resources, and creates the design cycle extension. The introduction of the idea of parameters to the finite element analysis products can reduce the workload of finite element analysis, shorten the design cycle and improve design efficiency.
引文
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[2]王欣,高顺德,屈福政.国内外大型起重机的发展状况[J].建筑机械,2005(2):28-32.
[3]高顺德.大型履带起重机市场现状及其前景[J].建筑机械,2008(8):21-23.
[4]王欣,屈福政.国外履带起重机的发展[J].起重运输机械,1999(2):1-3.
[5] BEAVERS J.E.,MOORE J.R.,RINEHART R.,SCHRIVER W.R.,etal.Crane-related fatalities in the construction industry[J] . Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2006(9):901-910.
[6] ANON.Cranes for high-rises:bigger and better[J].World construction English ed,1984(9):24-25.
[7] TANIZUMI KAZUYA,YOSHIRMURA TOSHIO,HINO JUNICHI.Modelling of dynamic behavior and control of truck cranes[J].Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1995(2):549-551.
[8] DHARWADKAR,PARMANAND V.,O'CONNOR,JAMES T.,etal.3D CAD modeling and graphical simulation of mobile cranes[J].Computing in Civil Engineering(New York),1994(1):539-546.
[9] ILIES HOREA T.Parametric solid modeling[C].Philadelphia:Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference,v 2006,Proceedings of 2006 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information In Engineering Conference,2006.
[10] LEE YONG-KWAN,CHECHURIN LEONID S.Determination of parametric resonances in distributed parameter systems using frequency analysis[C].Las Vegas:2007 Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,793-800,2007.
[11]张禹.汽车零部件参数化设计[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[12]陈伟,何飞,温卫东.基于结构参数化的有限元分析方法[J].机械科学与技术,2003(6):948-950.
[13]岳中第、林承祯.工程机械设计中的整体结构有限元分析技术[C].北京航空制造工程研究所建所45周年论文集,1999:355~364.
[14] MUN DUHWAN,KIM HEUNGKI,JANG KWANGSUB,etal.A method for automatic generation of parametric computer aided design models in a mold base e-catalog system[J].Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering,2006(6):308-314.
[15]黄海军,黄翔.基于参数化的飞机装配型架有限元分析方法[J].机械制造与研究,2008(1):8-10.
[16]张利伟.基于参数化建模的有限元优化技术[J].科技信息(学术研究),2008(6):285-288.
[17]田志坚.登高平台消防车结构设计及参数化软件开发研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
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