装载机工作装置的优化设计与试验研究
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摘要
本文首先简述了研究内容的目的及意义及装载机工作装置的的发展现状及其发展趋势,并对本文研究的内容和使用的方法做了简述。以反转六连杆工作装置为例阐述了其理论分析及优化设计的原理,其中包括:反转六连杆工作装置的结构、运动原理及特点及计算方法;并对反转六连杆机构的工作装置性能及干涉分析做了介绍。最后以LG953装载机为例介绍了工作装置的优化仿真过程及有限元分析过程,最后为了验证分析结果,对LG953装载机进行了台架试验,并对试验结果和理论分析进行了对比,验证了理论分析的正确性。文章结束对本文的分析做了简单的结论并展望未来的工作。
The wheel loader to be used as a main engineering machine in national economy developments to develop to put great emphasis on to want the direct influence of good and bad of function, its function to produce the efficiency, service life and manipulate the function.The quality that the conduct and actions that work equip machine load its function of work organization is also directly work function that affected whole machine, whole machine of further influence of work efficiency, work device of the design level directly deciding lading machine of work function is with the market competition ability.Therefore, adoption forerunner of design method right load machine work equip proceeding analysis to study to become increasingly important.Before, the design fundamental of the work device up still compare the method along the type that use the tradition with make the diagram to try method, this kind of method to design the accuracy low, period long, not and easily acquire the satisfied design project.Despite at long-term of design inside backlog certain of design experience, but design still exsits bigger blindness.For look foring the satisfied project, usually complete the large quantity's dependence that handicraft painting work, and strong to kind machine, difficult then increase to design the quantity.Therefore, adoption forerunner of design method with design tool right work organization proceed design research the right and wrong is often necessary.
Further for the traditional machine design, we only care about the static design of the frame. It makes the machine so ponderosity and not hard enough, and also the frame will be intervened. In this case, we not only waste our money and material, but also reduce our working efficiency. Now with the rapid development of computer, automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical and finite element will be used widely. Some dynamics analysis software of mechanical systems is also developed gradually and used in mechanical design. This can provide an more powerful way to dynamic design of the machine.
Combine the traditional design theory with the modern design method and the working theory of the wheel loader-digger's working equipment. Find out the disciplinarian of the working equipment. Analyze the action of the working equipment, like the parallel remove and automatic flat down. Know the action of the unload angle and the drive angle. Study and compute the force of the bucket、the connecting of rod and rocker.
Use ADAMS software optimizes the working equipment. Use the way of numerical value curvilinear to express the index of the translatableness and automatic flat down. It can give you an intuitionistic and real feeling.
In the process of the dynamics analyze of the working equipment , use the software ADMAMS to simulate the system , Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical includes mechanical system kinematics analysis and dynamics. The important part is analyzing the mechanism system kinematics and dynamics. Use computer assistant to analyze the technique , which can ascertain the position, velocity, acceleration of this system and all components at any time. We also make certain force and counterforce of the system and all parts by the way of solving algebra equation groups . We can obtain the graph of the change of the angle and the bucket in the progress of the working equipment moving . By researching of the change of the force , we obtain the force changing graph of the whole work progress which can provide the theory for the intension design of the moving arm.
For insuring to analyze the accuracy of the result, the company is first to proceeds to kind machine the set experiment, then invited Peking to experiment the factory with the University of Shandong to successively can test to LG953 proceeding, then insure the LG953 batch quantity to throw the postnatal period and does not appear any quantity problem.
To LG953 construction piece strength for press emulationing the work adding carry, acting 10 ten thousand times and behind examining the tired and expired circumstance of whole construction piece, then with emulation should working limited dollar of construction strength analysis proceeding contrasting, verifying the construction's piece.Combine then this guide 953 the design improvement of construction pieces.
Pass the above treatise, and get the work superior project that equip and move the arm to best suffer the dint hour the construction shape.
The wheel loader to be used as a main engineering machine in national economy developments to develop to put great emphasis on to want the direct influence of good and bad of function, its function to produce the efficiency, service life and manipulate the function.The quality that the conduct and actions that work equip machine load its function of work organization is also directly work function that affected whole machine, whole machine of further influence of work efficiency, work device of the design level directly deciding lading machine of work function is with the market competition ability.Therefore, adoption forerunner of design method right load machine work equip proceeding analysis to study to become increasingly important.Before, the design fundamental of the work device up still compare the method along the type that use the tradition with make the diagram to try method, this kind of method to design the accuracy low, period long, not and easily acquire the satisfied design project.Despite at long-term of design inside backlog certain of design experience, but design still exsits bigger blindness.For look foring the satisfied project, usually complete the large quantity's dependence that handicraft painting work, and strong to kind machine, difficult then increase to design the quantity.Therefore, adoption forerunner of design method with design tool right work organization proceed design research the right and wrong is often necessary.
Further for the traditional machine design, we only care about the static design of the frame. It makes the machine so ponderosity and not hard enough, and also the frame will be intervened. In this case, we not only waste our money and material, but also reduce our working efficiency. Now with the rapid development of computer, automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical and finite element will be used widely. Some dynamics analysis software of mechanical systems is also developed gradually and used in mechanical design. This can provide an more powerful way to dynamic design of the machine.
Combine the traditional design theory with the modern design method and the working theory of the wheel loader-digger's working equipment. Find out the disciplinarian of the working equipment. Analyze the action of the working equipment, like the parallel remove and automatic flat down. Know the action of the unload angle and the drive angle. Study and compute the force of the bucket、the connecting of rod and rocker.
Use ADAMS software optimizes the working equipment. Use the way of numerical value curvilinear to express the index of the translatableness and automatic flat down. It can give you an intuitionistic and real feeling.
In the process of the dynamics analyze of the working equipment , use the software ADMAMS to simulate the system , Automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical includes mechanical system kinematics analysis and dynamics. The important part is analyzing the mechanism system kinematics and dynamics. Use computer assistant to analyze the technique , which can ascertain the position, velocity, acceleration of this system and all components at any time. We also make certain force and counterforce of the system and all parts by the way of solving algebra equation groups . We can obtain the graph of the change of the angle and the bucket in the progress of the working equipment moving . By researching of the change of the force , we obtain the force changing graph of the whole work progress which can provide the theory for the intension design of the moving arm.
For insuring to analyze the accuracy of the result, the company is first to proceeds to kind machine the set experiment, then invited Peking to experiment the factory with the University of Shandong to successively can test to LG953 proceeding, then insure the LG953 batch quantity to throw the postnatal period and does not appear any quantity problem.
To LG953 construction piece strength for press emulationing the work adding carry, acting 10 ten thousand times and behind examining the tired and expired circumstance of whole construction piece, then with emulation should working limited dollar of construction strength analysis proceeding contrasting, verifying the construction's piece.Combine then this guide 953 the design improvement of construction pieces.
Pass the above treatise, and get the work superior project that equip and move the arm to best suffer the dint hour the construction shape.
引文
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[4]杨新征,吴振环,李民 相似理论在机械设计中的应用研究.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001:193-196.
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[7]Mogen M.Andreasen,Modelling--The Language of the Designer,Journal of Engineering Design,Vol.5,1994.2,pp103-1160
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[9]应济,李剑敏,谭孟恩,产品功能相似性分析方法,工程设计,1999.4,pp5-9,
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[12]Susan Carlson Skalak,Han-Peter Kemser & Natasha Ter-Minassian,Defining a Product Development Methodology with Concurrent Engineering for Small Manufacturing Companies,Journal of Engineering Design,Vol.8,No.4,Dec 1997,pp305-328
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[14]D.Xue另bong,Coding and Clustering of Design and Manufacturing Features for Concurrent Design,Computers In Industry,34(1997),p139-1530
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[19]G.A.tlazelfgg,A Framework for Decision-Based Engineering Design,ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,December 1998,Vol.120,pp653-658.
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[21]R.X.Tappeta,J.E.Renaud,Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization,ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,September 1997,Vol.119,pp403-415.
[22]梁迎春,机械机构形状优化设计方法及应用研究,哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,1994.10.
[23]韩学松,中国工程机械市场,工程机械,1999.2,pp1-4.
[24]吴仁智,洪涛,张东民,张宏,工程机械现代设计和试验技术现状及发展趋势,工程机械,1999.9,pp32-350
[25]张国胜,曾昭华,王晓柱,装载机工作装置铰点位置优化模型及软件,工程机械,1999.12,pp15-18.
[26]杨成康.张铁柱,装载机工作装置连杆机构优化设计,机械工程学报,1989,VoL24,No.3,ppg1-88.
[27]王国彪,宋志刚,装载机工作机构运动学优化分析,建筑机械,1993.12,pp2-6,
[28]毕春长,装载机工作装置优化设计,矿山机械,1987.7,pp29-31a
[29]张健民,装载机工作装置连杆机构的计算机辅助设计方法,建筑机械,1986.3,pp2。-27.
[30]张国胜,陈超.曾昭华,装载机工作装置运动的计算机辅助分析,工程机械,1992.9,pp23-26.
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[32]郑永强,轮式装载机工作装置有限元模型,工程机械,1992,pp8-130
[33]郑永强,工程机械结构现代强度设计方法的研究,工程机械,1995.10,ppi,-160
[34]林家祥,黄旭就.初长祥,提高装载机动臂掘起力的图解方法,工程机械,1999.2,pp 19-20.
[35]王国彪,阎满红,装载机铲斗容量计算公式的修正与补充,工程机械,1999.9,pp15-17,
[36]迟永滨,郭芬芬,装载机工作装置CAD及其方法研究工程机械,1997(10),pp16-18.
[37]迟永滨,王劲松,装载机工作装置优化设计的方法与策略,华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2000.28(6):53-57
[38]杨卫平,赵益乔,装载机工作装置的优化及运动仿真设计,矿山机械,2002(5):24-26
[39]N.F Michelena,P.Y Papalambros,A Network Reliability Approach to Optimal Decomposition of Design Problems,Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Mechanical Design,September 1995,Vol 117,pp433-4420
[40]R.S.Krishnamachari,P.Y Papalambros,Optimal Hierarchical Decomposition Synthesis Using Integer Programming,Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Mechanical DesignDecember 1997,Vol.119,pp440-447
[41]R.S.Krishnamachari,P.Y.Papalambros,Hierarchical Decomposition Synthesis in Optimal Systems Design,Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Mechanical Design December 1997,Vol,119,pp448-453,
[42]W.Chen,C.Yuan,A Probabilistic-Based Design Model for Achieving Flexibility in Design Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Mechanical Design,March 1999,Vol.121,pp77-820
[43]Dudzinskip,Pieczonkak,Wyslouchz,Automation of working unit on a buchet loader,Proc 11 Int Symp Autom Rob Constr ISARC,1994:193
[44]Anon,Wheel loaders[J].Mining,Quarrying and Recycling,2000,29(6):52-54.
[45]黄洪钟,姚新胜,周仲荣,基于满意度原理的装载机工作装置的多目标优化设计[J],机械工程学报,2003,39(5):97-10
[46]HANSEN Michael Rygaard,ANDWESEN Torbenloe.Multi criteria design optimization of backeroe loader front mechanism[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineering Division(Publication)DE,2003,116(1):9-15
[47]戴文跃,梁昊,装载机工作装置的动力学仿真与综合优化设计,吉林大学学报,(2004)04-0602-04
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