高原湖相沉积软土固结沉降特性研究
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摘要
昆明地处滇池流域,该地区由于河流湖泊众多,所以软土的分布极其广泛。随着经济的发展,昆明城市建设的规模也越来越大,有许多建筑须建设在这样的地基上,因此对软土地基的处理将是一项非常重要的工作。本文结合昆明市某政府办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理工程对高原湖相沉积软土的固结沉降特性进行了系统的研究。
首先通过室内三轴试验、X光衍射和电镜微观结构试验、现场扁铲侧胀试验及结合其他资料对高原湖相沉积软土(泥炭和泥炭质土)的工程地质特性进行了研究。得出了该类型软土有机质含量高,高压缩性,抗剪强度低,干强度及韧性低,其蜂窝状结构,架空结构和球状结构决定了该类软土极差的工程地质特性。同时扁铲侧胀试验得出了比一般常规土工试验更多的试验指标。
其次结合昆明市某政府办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理工程介绍了碎石桩预压排水固结方法处理深厚软土地基的工程概况,方案设计,现场监测数据,并对其进行了分析。
然后以工程实测数据为依据对高原湖相沉积软土的固结参数β值进行了研究,并通过理论计算β值与实测数据推算β值进行了对比,得出了适合该类软土的固结参数β值；在沉降上对现场实测曲线进行了曲线拟合,得出最终沉降量,推出了沉降经验系数ms值,并对其进行了分析,得出了适合该类软土的沉降经验系数的综合计算公式。
最后结合现场实测数据分别从沉降和孔隙水压力两方面对加载期间地基的稳定性进行了研究,’得出加载期间软土的单日沉降速率控制在25mm/d以内和孔隙水压力系数控制在0.6以内的标准。
Dianchi valley is located in Kunming, because of the many rivers and lakes in the region, so the soft soil distribution is very wide. With the development of economy, the city building of kunming is also increasing, there are many building to be built on such foundations, Therefore the treatment of soft soil foundation would be a very important job. This paper gives a systematic rescrach on consolidation settlement in the Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil based on the soft foundation treatment of a government office building relocation project in kunming.
Firstly, we gives a rescrach on the engineering geological characteristics of the Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil(peat soil) through the indoor triaxial test, microstructure test of the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, situ DMT test and other data.Range engineering geological characteristics is obtained about this type soft soil, such as high organic matter content," high compressibility, low shear strength, dry strength low toughness,the honeycomb structure, and overhead structure and the structure determines the spherical peat engineering geological characteristics of the poor. While DMT test than that more generally conventional test pilot indicators.
Secondly, this paper introduced the engineering situation, scheme design, field monitoring data of gravel pile preloading drainage consolidation in the soft foundation treatment based on the soft foundation treatment of a government office building relocation project in kunming,and analyzed.
And then studied the Consolidation Parameterβof Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil based on measured data of projects, and compared it through theoretical calculationsβand measured dataβ. The Consolidation Parameterβis obtained about this type soft soil; In the settlement we fitting settlement curve, it is knew final Settlement and the experience coefficient of settlement ms,and analyzed,A calculation formula of settlement experience coefficient is obtained about this type soft soil.
Finally, the paper analyzed the control of stability during loading from settlement and pore water pressure based on field test data. It obtained settlement rate of one day within 25mm/d and pore-water pressure coefficient within 0.6 during loading.
首先通过室内三轴试验、X光衍射和电镜微观结构试验、现场扁铲侧胀试验及结合其他资料对高原湖相沉积软土(泥炭和泥炭质土)的工程地质特性进行了研究。得出了该类型软土有机质含量高,高压缩性,抗剪强度低,干强度及韧性低,其蜂窝状结构,架空结构和球状结构决定了该类软土极差的工程地质特性。同时扁铲侧胀试验得出了比一般常规土工试验更多的试验指标。
其次结合昆明市某政府办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理工程介绍了碎石桩预压排水固结方法处理深厚软土地基的工程概况,方案设计,现场监测数据,并对其进行了分析。
然后以工程实测数据为依据对高原湖相沉积软土的固结参数β值进行了研究,并通过理论计算β值与实测数据推算β值进行了对比,得出了适合该类软土的固结参数β值；在沉降上对现场实测曲线进行了曲线拟合,得出最终沉降量,推出了沉降经验系数ms值,并对其进行了分析,得出了适合该类软土的沉降经验系数的综合计算公式。
最后结合现场实测数据分别从沉降和孔隙水压力两方面对加载期间地基的稳定性进行了研究,’得出加载期间软土的单日沉降速率控制在25mm/d以内和孔隙水压力系数控制在0.6以内的标准。
Dianchi valley is located in Kunming, because of the many rivers and lakes in the region, so the soft soil distribution is very wide. With the development of economy, the city building of kunming is also increasing, there are many building to be built on such foundations, Therefore the treatment of soft soil foundation would be a very important job. This paper gives a systematic rescrach on consolidation settlement in the Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil based on the soft foundation treatment of a government office building relocation project in kunming.
Firstly, we gives a rescrach on the engineering geological characteristics of the Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil(peat soil) through the indoor triaxial test, microstructure test of the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, situ DMT test and other data.Range engineering geological characteristics is obtained about this type soft soil, such as high organic matter content," high compressibility, low shear strength, dry strength low toughness,the honeycomb structure, and overhead structure and the structure determines the spherical peat engineering geological characteristics of the poor. While DMT test than that more generally conventional test pilot indicators.
Secondly, this paper introduced the engineering situation, scheme design, field monitoring data of gravel pile preloading drainage consolidation in the soft foundation treatment based on the soft foundation treatment of a government office building relocation project in kunming,and analyzed.
And then studied the Consolidation Parameterβof Plateau Lacustrine Deposits soft soil based on measured data of projects, and compared it through theoretical calculationsβand measured dataβ. The Consolidation Parameterβis obtained about this type soft soil; In the settlement we fitting settlement curve, it is knew final Settlement and the experience coefficient of settlement ms,and analyzed,A calculation formula of settlement experience coefficient is obtained about this type soft soil.
Finally, the paper analyzed the control of stability during loading from settlement and pore water pressure based on field test data. It obtained settlement rate of one day within 25mm/d and pore-water pressure coefficient within 0.6 during loading.
引文
[1]黄绍铭,高大钊.软土地基与地下工程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[2]赵维炳,唐彤芝,高常胜等.控制工后沉降处理深厚软土地基[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[3]杨顺安,冯晓腊,张聪辰.软土理论与工程[M].北京：地质出版社,2000
[4]李振.排水板处理软土地基固结沉降与稳定控制研究[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[5]贾其军.袋装砂井处理河滩相软土固结沉降研究[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2001
[6]任何峰.软基堤坝原位监测及稳定性研究[硕士学位论文].南京：河海大学,2003
[7]Asaoka A.Obserbational Procedure of Settlement Prediction. Soils & Foundations, JSSMFE,1978,18(4):87-101
[8]Barron R.A.Consolidation of fine grained soils by drain wells translation.ASCE, 1948,113(1):718-742
[9]Duncan J.M, Schaefer V R.Finite element consolidation analysis of embankments. Computers and Geotechnics,1988,6(2):77-93
[10]王俊蒲.高速公里软土地基沉降特性研究[硕士学位论文].河北：河北工业大学,2002
[11]熊恩来,阮永芬,刘文连等.云南泥炭土力学特性实验及归一化形状研究[J].云南水力发电,2005,21(2)：39-42
[12]蒋忠信.滇池泥炭土[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1994
[13]朱斌.昆明某高校运动场区边坡滑坡分析与治理措施研究[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学,2008
[14]J.K.米切尔著[美],高国瑞等译.岩土工程土性分析原理[M].南京：南京工学院出版社,1988
[15]袁聚云,徐超.土工试验[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2004
[16]林宗元.岩土工程试验监测手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[17]GB 50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[18]孙晓娟.滇池泥炭土工程地质特性试验研究[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学,2006
[19]Marchetti S. (1980). In Situ Test by Flat Dilatometer. ASCE Journal GED, Vol,106, No. GT3, Mar,299-321
[20]ASTM Subcommitee D 18.02.10 (1986), J. H.Schmertmann, Chairman, Suggested Method for Performing the Flat Dilatometer Test, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.9, NO.2,93-101.June.
[21]Marchetti S. (1999) "On the calibration of the DMT membrane", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (March 1999)
[22]Marchetti S. (1999) "Sand liquefiability assessment by DMT", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (May 1999)
[23]Marchetti S. Monaco P. Totani G, etal. The flat dilatometer test (DMT) in soil investigations[R] The ISSMGE Committee TC16, Bali, Indonesia,2001.
[24]昆明市市级党政机关办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理区域岩土工程勘察报告.云南省设计院勘察分院,2006
[25]昆明市市级党政机关办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理设计资料.中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院,2006
[26]叶国良.地基基础沉降观测方法综述[J].中国港湾建设,2003,124(3)：18-21.
[27]岩土工程施工测量与检验监测[M]
[28]龚晓南,俞建霖.地基处理理论与时间[第九届全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006
[29]刘正峰.地基与基础工程新技术实用手册[M].海潮出版社,2005
[30]龚晓南.高等土力学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1996
[31]陈希哲.土力学地基基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[32]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[33]地基处理手册编写委员会.地基处理手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[34]JGJ 79-2002建筑地基处理技术规范[S].
[35]折学森.软土地基沉降计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[36]徐至钧,胡中雄,潘林有.软土地基和预压法地基处理[M].北京：机械工业出版 社,2005
[37]侯福国,曾树谷.无碴轨道路基沉降数据的评估分析及应用[J].铁道建设,2006,11：87-89.
[38]孙常青,饶锡保,王月香.沉降观测曲线的拟合和最终沉降量的确定[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(5)：58-61.
[39]钱坤,尹新生.几种不同地基沉降量计算方法的分析[J].山西建筑,2005,31(24)：97-98.
[40]岳宏宇.由实测沉降数据反演地基固结参数的实用计算方法[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(1)：29-33.
[41]贾其军,王晓谋,袁怀宇.袋装砂井处理河滩相软土固结沉降研究[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(3)：35-39.
[42]邓修甫,王祥秋.干振碎石桩复合地基沉降计算方法探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,3：92-94.
[43]罗广发,罗志强.高等级公路软基加过固工程的固结沉降计算分析[J].中南公路工程,1996,79(4)：18-23.
[44]贾宁,陈云敏,陈仁朋.路堤饱和软土地基初始孔压分布及沉降分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2)：5698-5704.
[45]Grifiths.F.J.&.R.C.Joshi Change in pore size distribulation due to consolidation of saturated clays,Geotechniqud,(1998),vol.39.
[46]Gibson,R.E.etal. The theory of one-dimensional consolidation of saturated clays. Can.geotechnique, (1981) vol.18.
[47]G Zhu, Yin J-H..Consolidation of double soil layers under depth-dependent ramp load.Geotechnique,1999.49(3):415-421
[48]Lin,Stress-strain-time function of clay,Journal of Geotechnical and Geon environmental Engineering,Vol.122.
[49]Yasufuumi Umehara & koukj Zen,Constant rate of strain consolidation for very soft clayey soils,Soits and Foundations (1980).Vol.20.
[50]谭世霖,罗志强.软基路基沉降系数的影响因素分析[J].广东工业大学学报,2007,24(1)：66-69.
[51]江茂盛.高速公路软土地基稳定性问题研究[硕士学位论文].成都：四川大学, 2000
[52]张建民,刘红军.现场监测数据分析湿地软土地基的稳定性[J].森林工程,2007,23(4)：57-60.
[53]赵辉,李粮纲.软土地基沉降速率的分析研究及其应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,1：45-47.
[2]赵维炳,唐彤芝,高常胜等.控制工后沉降处理深厚软土地基[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[3]杨顺安,冯晓腊,张聪辰.软土理论与工程[M].北京：地质出版社,2000
[4]李振.排水板处理软土地基固结沉降与稳定控制研究[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2006
[5]贾其军.袋装砂井处理河滩相软土固结沉降研究[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2001
[6]任何峰.软基堤坝原位监测及稳定性研究[硕士学位论文].南京：河海大学,2003
[7]Asaoka A.Obserbational Procedure of Settlement Prediction. Soils & Foundations, JSSMFE,1978,18(4):87-101
[8]Barron R.A.Consolidation of fine grained soils by drain wells translation.ASCE, 1948,113(1):718-742
[9]Duncan J.M, Schaefer V R.Finite element consolidation analysis of embankments. Computers and Geotechnics,1988,6(2):77-93
[10]王俊蒲.高速公里软土地基沉降特性研究[硕士学位论文].河北：河北工业大学,2002
[11]熊恩来,阮永芬,刘文连等.云南泥炭土力学特性实验及归一化形状研究[J].云南水力发电,2005,21(2)：39-42
[12]蒋忠信.滇池泥炭土[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1994
[13]朱斌.昆明某高校运动场区边坡滑坡分析与治理措施研究[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学,2008
[14]J.K.米切尔著[美],高国瑞等译.岩土工程土性分析原理[M].南京：南京工学院出版社,1988
[15]袁聚云,徐超.土工试验[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2004
[16]林宗元.岩土工程试验监测手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[17]GB 50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[18]孙晓娟.滇池泥炭土工程地质特性试验研究[硕士学位论文].昆明：昆明理工大学,2006
[19]Marchetti S. (1980). In Situ Test by Flat Dilatometer. ASCE Journal GED, Vol,106, No. GT3, Mar,299-321
[20]ASTM Subcommitee D 18.02.10 (1986), J. H.Schmertmann, Chairman, Suggested Method for Performing the Flat Dilatometer Test, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.9, NO.2,93-101.June.
[21]Marchetti S. (1999) "On the calibration of the DMT membrane", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (March 1999)
[22]Marchetti S. (1999) "Sand liquefiability assessment by DMT", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (May 1999)
[23]Marchetti S. Monaco P. Totani G, etal. The flat dilatometer test (DMT) in soil investigations[R] The ISSMGE Committee TC16, Bali, Indonesia,2001.
[24]昆明市市级党政机关办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理区域岩土工程勘察报告.云南省设计院勘察分院,2006
[25]昆明市市级党政机关办公用房搬迁建设项目软土地基处理设计资料.中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院,2006
[26]叶国良.地基基础沉降观测方法综述[J].中国港湾建设,2003,124(3)：18-21.
[27]岩土工程施工测量与检验监测[M]
[28]龚晓南,俞建霖.地基处理理论与时间[第九届全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006
[29]刘正峰.地基与基础工程新技术实用手册[M].海潮出版社,2005
[30]龚晓南.高等土力学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1996
[31]陈希哲.土力学地基基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[32]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[33]地基处理手册编写委员会.地基处理手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[34]JGJ 79-2002建筑地基处理技术规范[S].
[35]折学森.软土地基沉降计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[36]徐至钧,胡中雄,潘林有.软土地基和预压法地基处理[M].北京：机械工业出版 社,2005
[37]侯福国,曾树谷.无碴轨道路基沉降数据的评估分析及应用[J].铁道建设,2006,11：87-89.
[38]孙常青,饶锡保,王月香.沉降观测曲线的拟合和最终沉降量的确定[J].长江科学院院报,2002,19(5)：58-61.
[39]钱坤,尹新生.几种不同地基沉降量计算方法的分析[J].山西建筑,2005,31(24)：97-98.
[40]岳宏宇.由实测沉降数据反演地基固结参数的实用计算方法[J].中国公路学报,2002,15(1)：29-33.
[41]贾其军,王晓谋,袁怀宇.袋装砂井处理河滩相软土固结沉降研究[J].中国公路学报,2003,16(3)：35-39.
[42]邓修甫,王祥秋.干振碎石桩复合地基沉降计算方法探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,3：92-94.
[43]罗广发,罗志强.高等级公路软基加过固工程的固结沉降计算分析[J].中南公路工程,1996,79(4)：18-23.
[44]贾宁,陈云敏,陈仁朋.路堤饱和软土地基初始孔压分布及沉降分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2)：5698-5704.
[45]Grifiths.F.J.&.R.C.Joshi Change in pore size distribulation due to consolidation of saturated clays,Geotechniqud,(1998),vol.39.
[46]Gibson,R.E.etal. The theory of one-dimensional consolidation of saturated clays. Can.geotechnique, (1981) vol.18.
[47]G Zhu, Yin J-H..Consolidation of double soil layers under depth-dependent ramp load.Geotechnique,1999.49(3):415-421
[48]Lin,Stress-strain-time function of clay,Journal of Geotechnical and Geon environmental Engineering,Vol.122.
[49]Yasufuumi Umehara & koukj Zen,Constant rate of strain consolidation for very soft clayey soils,Soits and Foundations (1980).Vol.20.
[50]谭世霖,罗志强.软基路基沉降系数的影响因素分析[J].广东工业大学学报,2007,24(1)：66-69.
[51]江茂盛.高速公路软土地基稳定性问题研究[硕士学位论文].成都：四川大学, 2000
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