机电产品拆卸规划及拆卸设计方法研究
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摘要
拆卸是影响机电产品绿色性能的重要因素，提高机电产品的可拆卸性能是实现产品绿色设计的重要途径，也是提高产品拆卸回收过程综合效益的必要前提。论文在综述国内外研究现状的基础上，提出并深入研究了机电产品拆卸规划及改进设计的相关问题。
主要研究内容包括如下六个方面：
（1）建立了基于“零件—联接关系”的拆卸信息模型和对应的序列规划方法。分析了以零件为拆卸序列规划对象的不足，研究复杂机电产品零部件拆卸过程中不完全拆卸的状况，建立了以零件和联接关系同时为拆卸对象的拆卸信息模型及对应的拆卸序列规划方法。模型包含零件间约束到联接关系间约束的映射关系，采用模拟退火算法的拆卸序列求解方法求得的序列包括联接关系的解除序列和零件序列两部分，可以从过程和结果两方面对拆卸过程进行分析。
（2）分析废旧产品与设计产品间的差异，在基于“零件—联接关系”的拆卸信息模型的基础上，将不确定规划理论引入拆卸信息模型和序列规划求解方面，建立了不确定条件下拆卸信息模型及及对应的拆卸序列规划方法，确保拆卸序列规划结果贴近实际。模型以统计学和随机机会约束规划理论为基础，而废旧产品在不确定状况下的宏观序列的求解方法则基于模拟退火算法。
（3）针对具体情况下部分无法使用求得宏观普适序列进行拆卸的一些情况，以贪婪算法为基础，建立了拆卸序列调整的贪婪准则及流程，从微观层面上给出了宏观序列拆卸序列与实际不匹配的问题的调整方法。
（4）分析了影响产品可拆卸性能的因素，从技术性、经济性、环境影响以及拆卸的不确定性四个方面建立了量化的零件、产品可拆卸性能评价指标体系，并建立了产品拆卸性能影响因素的敏感性分析方法。
（5）以基于实例推理和TRIZ理论为基础，建立了可拆卸联接结构改进设计体系框架。建立了拆卸设计案例的表达模板和案例与设计要求的相似度求解算法，通过基于实例推理的方法可快速寻找之前的改进设计案例中与设计问题最为相似的求解方案；而通过TRIZ理论的“物—场”分析模型，可有效查找设计过程中对应的创新设计原理、标准解和创新设计法则，从而指导可拆卸联接结构的改进设计。
（6）基于相关的研究理论和方法，设计开发了机电产品拆卸规划及辅助设计原型系统，并对其中的有关PRO/E系统二次开发的虚拟拆卸技术进行了研究。系统验证了研究方法的正确性、可行性和有效性，进一步探索了方法在产品设计开发过程中的应用。
Disassembly is one essential factor of electromechanical products’green performance. To improve the electromechanical products’disassemble performance is not only the key way to improveelectromechanical products’ green performance, but also the prerequisiteto improve the benefits of electromechanical products’ recycling. Basedon literature reviewing the present situation of research on disassembly,electromechanical products’ disassemble sequence planning and designimprovement methods were studied in this dissertation.
Main contents of this dissertation are summarized in the following sixaspects：
(1) A disassembly model based on “parts-connections" and thecorresponding disassemble sequence planning method were established.This dissertation analyzes the shortcomings of the disassembly sequenceplanning based on parts, then studied the complicated situation ofincompleteness disassemble for electromechanical products. Finally adisassemble model aimed at both parts and connections and thecorresponding disassemble sequence planning method were studied. Themodel includes the mapping relationship between parts and connections,and the disassembly sequence planning based on simulated annealingalgorithm. The results of disassemble sequence planning included bothparts sequence and connections sequences, so it can generate directdisassembly sequence from both the process and result.
(2) By analyzing the differences between waste products and thebrand new product, this dissertation had tried to solve the uncertaintyproblem with disassemble model and disassembly sequence planning byusing uncertainty programming theory, so an disassemble model anddisassemble sequence planning method based on “parts-connections"disassemble model and uncertainty programming theory to fit theuncertainty situation of product were studied. The model was based onstatistics and random chance-constrained programming，and the universal disassemble sequence planning method to fit in uncertainty situation wasbased on simulated annealing algorithm.
(3) For some specific cases that the result of the universal disassemblesequence planning method could not solve, an adjustment method basedon greedy algorithm was established. This method had constructed thegreedy criterion for adjusting the disassemble sequence and finally theprocess was shown in this thesis.
(4) The impact factors of product disassemble performance wasanalyzed, and a quantized evaluation framework based on technical,economic, environmental and the uncertainty of disassemble for the partsand products disassemble performance was given. The Sensitivityanalysis method to analysis the product disassemble performance wasalso given in this dissertation.
(5) Based on case-based reasoning and TRIZ theory, a detachableconnection structure improvement design system framework was given. Atemplate to describe the design requirements and the existed cases and thealgorithm to measure the similarity of design requirements and theexisted cases were given. By using the su-field analysis model of TRIZtheory, innovative design principles, Standard solution and nonnativedesign rules query method was given to guide the detachable connectionstructure improvement design.
(6)Finally an electromechanical products disassemble sequenceplanning and design improvement system was developed based on thetheories and methods above, and one of the key technologies of PRO/Esecondary development for virtual disassemble was illustrated. Thissystem validates the correctness, feasibility and effectiveness of thisresearch.
主要研究内容包括如下六个方面：
（1）建立了基于“零件—联接关系”的拆卸信息模型和对应的序列规划方法。分析了以零件为拆卸序列规划对象的不足，研究复杂机电产品零部件拆卸过程中不完全拆卸的状况，建立了以零件和联接关系同时为拆卸对象的拆卸信息模型及对应的拆卸序列规划方法。模型包含零件间约束到联接关系间约束的映射关系，采用模拟退火算法的拆卸序列求解方法求得的序列包括联接关系的解除序列和零件序列两部分，可以从过程和结果两方面对拆卸过程进行分析。
（2）分析废旧产品与设计产品间的差异，在基于“零件—联接关系”的拆卸信息模型的基础上，将不确定规划理论引入拆卸信息模型和序列规划求解方面，建立了不确定条件下拆卸信息模型及及对应的拆卸序列规划方法，确保拆卸序列规划结果贴近实际。模型以统计学和随机机会约束规划理论为基础，而废旧产品在不确定状况下的宏观序列的求解方法则基于模拟退火算法。
（3）针对具体情况下部分无法使用求得宏观普适序列进行拆卸的一些情况，以贪婪算法为基础，建立了拆卸序列调整的贪婪准则及流程，从微观层面上给出了宏观序列拆卸序列与实际不匹配的问题的调整方法。
（4）分析了影响产品可拆卸性能的因素，从技术性、经济性、环境影响以及拆卸的不确定性四个方面建立了量化的零件、产品可拆卸性能评价指标体系，并建立了产品拆卸性能影响因素的敏感性分析方法。
（5）以基于实例推理和TRIZ理论为基础，建立了可拆卸联接结构改进设计体系框架。建立了拆卸设计案例的表达模板和案例与设计要求的相似度求解算法，通过基于实例推理的方法可快速寻找之前的改进设计案例中与设计问题最为相似的求解方案；而通过TRIZ理论的“物—场”分析模型，可有效查找设计过程中对应的创新设计原理、标准解和创新设计法则，从而指导可拆卸联接结构的改进设计。
（6）基于相关的研究理论和方法，设计开发了机电产品拆卸规划及辅助设计原型系统，并对其中的有关PRO/E系统二次开发的虚拟拆卸技术进行了研究。系统验证了研究方法的正确性、可行性和有效性，进一步探索了方法在产品设计开发过程中的应用。
Disassembly is one essential factor of electromechanical products’green performance. To improve the electromechanical products’disassemble performance is not only the key way to improveelectromechanical products’ green performance, but also the prerequisiteto improve the benefits of electromechanical products’ recycling. Basedon literature reviewing the present situation of research on disassembly,electromechanical products’ disassemble sequence planning and designimprovement methods were studied in this dissertation.
Main contents of this dissertation are summarized in the following sixaspects：
(1) A disassembly model based on “parts-connections" and thecorresponding disassemble sequence planning method were established.This dissertation analyzes the shortcomings of the disassembly sequenceplanning based on parts, then studied the complicated situation ofincompleteness disassemble for electromechanical products. Finally adisassemble model aimed at both parts and connections and thecorresponding disassemble sequence planning method were studied. Themodel includes the mapping relationship between parts and connections,and the disassembly sequence planning based on simulated annealingalgorithm. The results of disassemble sequence planning included bothparts sequence and connections sequences, so it can generate directdisassembly sequence from both the process and result.
(2) By analyzing the differences between waste products and thebrand new product, this dissertation had tried to solve the uncertaintyproblem with disassemble model and disassembly sequence planning byusing uncertainty programming theory, so an disassemble model anddisassemble sequence planning method based on “parts-connections"disassemble model and uncertainty programming theory to fit theuncertainty situation of product were studied. The model was based onstatistics and random chance-constrained programming，and the universal disassemble sequence planning method to fit in uncertainty situation wasbased on simulated annealing algorithm.
(3) For some specific cases that the result of the universal disassemblesequence planning method could not solve, an adjustment method basedon greedy algorithm was established. This method had constructed thegreedy criterion for adjusting the disassemble sequence and finally theprocess was shown in this thesis.
(4) The impact factors of product disassemble performance wasanalyzed, and a quantized evaluation framework based on technical,economic, environmental and the uncertainty of disassemble for the partsand products disassemble performance was given. The Sensitivityanalysis method to analysis the product disassemble performance wasalso given in this dissertation.
(5) Based on case-based reasoning and TRIZ theory, a detachableconnection structure improvement design system framework was given. Atemplate to describe the design requirements and the existed cases and thealgorithm to measure the similarity of design requirements and theexisted cases were given. By using the su-field analysis model of TRIZtheory, innovative design principles, Standard solution and nonnativedesign rules query method was given to guide the detachable connectionstructure improvement design.
(6)Finally an electromechanical products disassemble sequenceplanning and design improvement system was developed based on thetheories and methods above, and one of the key technologies of PRO/Esecondary development for virtual disassemble was illustrated. Thissystem validates the correctness, feasibility and effectiveness of thisresearch.
引文
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