生存系统的社会性设计模式研究
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摘要
本课题主要以“海难救援产品”作为对象,来研究社会性设计模式。生存系统是指与人类生活、存在、发展息息相关的自然环境与社会人文环境,因此社会性群体的生存方式构成了生存系统的基础,其中具有两个层面:基本生存层面和公共安全层面。海难救援产品设计就是从公共安全需求出发的产品设计。
     进入工业社会以来,人的消费欲求在以追求经济效益为目标的商业设计模式下被无限放大,而更广泛社会群体的真实需求则被忽视。社会性设计模式以满足社会性需求和解决社会性问题为目标,强调设计的社会价值和道德责任,在防灾、减灾、救灾领域具有巨大优势,是现有海难救援产品体系的有效设计方法和指导理论,也是商业设计模式下各种对人类生存价值忽视问题的解决之道。
     笔者从三个角度来探讨社会性设计模式,包括社会性设计的理论框架、社会性设计模式的理论探索以及社会性设计模式下的设计实践。
     社会性设计的理论框架的基础是社会性设计思想的提出,这一过程产生于商业社会的消费话语背景,并与设计的社会学、伦理学以及设计价值要素有密切联系。社会性思想的本质表现为对设计理性化的回归,要求设计师端正设计态度,反思设计的“功利主义”,关注包括残疾人、第三世界民众等弱势群体在内的社会性需求,并认真思考设计对于社会、环境与经济甚至设计自身所造成的影响。
     社会性设计模式的理论探索主要关注对社会性问题的界定、对社会性需求内涵的理解、社会性设计的基本方法与流程、社会性设计模式与商业设计模式的关系等方面。分析和归纳了社会性设计模式重视设计的教育功能、强调设计师在团队中的纽带作用等特征,表现为兼顾共同性、公平性、永续性的社会性设计策略。
     关于社会性设计模式下的设计实践,本文以海难救援产品为切入点,从社会性需求中的公共安全需求出发,通过社会性设计模式在海难救援产品中的设计导入,有效解决其中存在的社会关注缺失和设计方法缺失的问题,最终构建具有广泛的社会参与度、兼顾社会效益和经济效益的救灾产品开发模式。
This article focuses on "sea rescue products" in attempt to study social design pattern. The survival system consists of nature environment and social humanity environment which are closely related to human life, human existence, and human development. Hence, the survival style of social group is contributed to the foundation of survival system which includes two levels:basic living level and public safe level. The idea for the design of "sea rescue products" is oriented from the level of public safe.
     Since the entry into industrial society, human consumption desire is enlarged in the eye of commercial design pattern pursuing economic profit. The real needs of the wide-ranging social group are ignored. Social design pattern targets on entertaining the social needs and solving the social problems, gives more emphasis on social value and morality responsibility, which has large advantage at the fields of disaster prevention, disaster alleviation and disaster relief. It is not only the efficient design method and instruction theory for the design of sea rescue products series, but also a good way to resolve the problem of the ignorance of human surviving value due to living under commercial design pattern.
     Author tries to discuss social design pattern from three angles including theoretical framework, theoretical exploration and design practice of social design pattern.
     The coming up of the ideal of social design pattern is the foundation of social design theoretical framework. The idea is put forward under the background of commercial social consumption utterance, closely associated with sociology, ethnics and design value factors in design. The nature of social idea is represented on the recurrence of the rationality in design which requires a right attitude for designer, reflection on "utilitarianism", show more concern on the social needs of less-competitive people, such as the disabled and the third world people, think over the effects that design will bring on the society, environment, economy and even design itself.
     The theoretical exploration of social design pattern mainly focus on the definition of social problems, understanding of the connotation of social needs, basic methods and flow of social design, relationship between social design pattern and commercial design pattern, the nature of social design pattern and etc. Hereinto, author analyzes and concludes the keen attention that social design pattern pays on education function, emphasize the communication function and others of designers in team, all of which will ultimately embody in the social design strategy with characters like community, equality, and sustainability.
     As to the design practice under social design pattern, the text will take sea rescue products as a point-cut, start from the public safety needs, through the application of social design pattern in sea rescue products to efficiently solve the problems the missing parts in social concern and design methods, aim at constructing a development pattern of disaster relief products which can have highly social involvement and take account to both social profit and economy profit.
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