公路线形设计质量评价方法的研究
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摘要
公路线形设计应使线形连续、指标均衡,使汽车行驶安全、舒适,线形设计的质量对公路的运营效果有重要的影响。在工程实际中,线形设计质量的检验与评价工作往往被忽视或简化,或带有较强的主观性,或局限于规范条文的限定。研究如何方便、快速和定量地进行路线线形质量的评价,对提高公路设计质量具有重要的理论和实用意义。
首先,基于路线设计规范的规定,针对常用线形设计指标,采用直接查询的方法,建立了方便、快速、全面的检验与评分评价模型。
其次,对常用线形设计指标进行筛选,提出主要线形指标,评价各指标的合理性和各指标之间的协调性与均衡性。应用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,并采用改进的德尔菲法获得评价矩阵,再运用模糊数学评判方法评价指标的合理性,运用灰色关联度法评价指标之间的协调性与均衡性。
最后,针对线形设计的关键指标一设计速度,建立运行速度的评价模型。通过模型计算不同路段的运行速度,可获得运行速度与设计速度相差较大的区段,从而为保证和提高汽车行驶的安全性、舒适性。
作为工程应用示例,结合丹本公路工程某路段实际线形资料,分别用上述三种方法对线形设计指标进行检验与评价,获得该路段线形设计质量的优良程度,对不合理的线形指标提出改进意见。
The road alignment design should be continuum, the index to be continuously balanced linear, causing the automobile to run safely and comfortably. It is the road alignment design that has an important effect for the operating results,however,when people worked in practice,they often ignored or simplified the process of the testing for the linear design and evaluation of the quality, with a strong subjective,or confined to the limited provisions of the norms.It has the great theoretical and practical significance how to carry out the quentitative evaluation of the quality of linear conveniently and fast for improve the quality of the highway design:
Firstly,based on Design Specification for Highway Route, this article evaluates the designed road alignment and corrects the unreasonable index value through fixing on the theory scope of alignment index value to reduce the unsafe factors and enhance the quality of design.
Secondly, this article puts forward the main alignment index, and applies the fuzzing mathematics judgment method to evaluate the safety of road alignment, in which applies the improved Deuel Philippines method to obtain the appraisal matrix, the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weight, through the method of grading to appraise the situation of the road design quality. Meanwhile, the method of grey relation degree is used to evaluate the compatibility among the indexes in order to assess whether the road alignment design is well or not . Contrasting the two methods, the results is obtained that the former with certain subjectivity has great computation load, and the latter is small and applied widely.
Finally, for the key indicator linear design - the design speed,to establish of the evaluation model of speed. To calculate the speed of the different sections through the model, accessing the larger different section between speed and Design speed,so as to guarantee and improve the car's safety and comfort.
As the project application, in order to obtain the good level of combining with the practice alignment material of project instance Dan - Ben highway, testing and evaluating the indicators of linear design with the three above mentioneds respectively, simultaneously proposes the improvement plan to the unreasonable design.
首先,基于路线设计规范的规定,针对常用线形设计指标,采用直接查询的方法,建立了方便、快速、全面的检验与评分评价模型。
其次,对常用线形设计指标进行筛选,提出主要线形指标,评价各指标的合理性和各指标之间的协调性与均衡性。应用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,并采用改进的德尔菲法获得评价矩阵,再运用模糊数学评判方法评价指标的合理性,运用灰色关联度法评价指标之间的协调性与均衡性。
最后,针对线形设计的关键指标一设计速度,建立运行速度的评价模型。通过模型计算不同路段的运行速度,可获得运行速度与设计速度相差较大的区段,从而为保证和提高汽车行驶的安全性、舒适性。
作为工程应用示例,结合丹本公路工程某路段实际线形资料,分别用上述三种方法对线形设计指标进行检验与评价,获得该路段线形设计质量的优良程度,对不合理的线形指标提出改进意见。
The road alignment design should be continuum, the index to be continuously balanced linear, causing the automobile to run safely and comfortably. It is the road alignment design that has an important effect for the operating results,however,when people worked in practice,they often ignored or simplified the process of the testing for the linear design and evaluation of the quality, with a strong subjective,or confined to the limited provisions of the norms.It has the great theoretical and practical significance how to carry out the quentitative evaluation of the quality of linear conveniently and fast for improve the quality of the highway design:
Firstly,based on Design Specification for Highway Route, this article evaluates the designed road alignment and corrects the unreasonable index value through fixing on the theory scope of alignment index value to reduce the unsafe factors and enhance the quality of design.
Secondly, this article puts forward the main alignment index, and applies the fuzzing mathematics judgment method to evaluate the safety of road alignment, in which applies the improved Deuel Philippines method to obtain the appraisal matrix, the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weight, through the method of grading to appraise the situation of the road design quality. Meanwhile, the method of grey relation degree is used to evaluate the compatibility among the indexes in order to assess whether the road alignment design is well or not . Contrasting the two methods, the results is obtained that the former with certain subjectivity has great computation load, and the latter is small and applied widely.
Finally, for the key indicator linear design - the design speed,to establish of the evaluation model of speed. To calculate the speed of the different sections through the model, accessing the larger different section between speed and Design speed,so as to guarantee and improve the car's safety and comfort.
As the project application, in order to obtain the good level of combining with the practice alignment material of project instance Dan - Ben highway, testing and evaluating the indicators of linear design with the three above mentioneds respectively, simultaneously proposes the improvement plan to the unreasonable design.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路路线设计规范(JTGD20-2006).北京:人民交通出版社.2006.
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路工程技术标准(JTGB01-2003).北京:人民交通出版社.2004.
[3]靳烂章.高速公路线形评价-评价指标的选取及理论分析:(硕士学位论文).河北:河北工业大学,2003.
[4]梁复,郭忠印,方守恩.道路线形与道路安全性关系的统计分析.同济大学学报.2002:203-206.
[5]陶久选.车速图分析道路线形的技术探讨.华东公路.1999,2:27-28.
[6]张雨化.道路勘测设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[7]岩间滋等著,任力译.透视图法在公路设计中的应用.北京:人民交通出版社.
[8]杨少伟,许金良,杨宏志.考虑平、纵、横三方面关系的横向加速度变化率.中国公路学报.1999,12(4):12-16.
[9]Orhan Baykal.Concept of Lateral Change Of Acceleration.Journal of Surveying Engineering.ASCE,1996:132-141.
[10]高建平,孔令旗,郭忠印等.高速公路运行车速研究.重庆交通学院学报.2004,23(4):78-81.
[11]范振宇,张剑飞.运行车速概念及在我国线形设计中的应用研究.山西交通科技.2001,2:8-11.
[12]陈胜营,张剑飞,汪亚干.运行车速与道路设计.公路,1998,11:40-43.
[13]杨少伟,许金良,李伟等.路线设计中车辆行驶速度预测模型.长安大学学报(自然版).2003,23(3):23-25.
[14]邹健.浅论道路线形设计对交通安全的影响及改善措施.公路.2002,6:42-46.
[15]杨少伟.可能速度与公路线形设计方法研究:(博士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2004,11.
[16][日]日本道路公团著.日本高速公路设计要领.西安:陕西旅游出版社,1991.
[17][日]大家胜美,木仓正美著,沈华春译.公路线形设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1981.
[18]黄进,方守恩.交互式道路安全设计模型IHSDM与事故预测模型APM.交通与计算机.2002,20(5):32-35.
[19]R.Lame,A.K.Guenther,and E.M.Choueri.Safety Module for Highway Design:Applied Manually or Using CAD.Paper Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.Washington,D.C.January,1992.
[20]Lamm R.,Choueiri E.M.,Mailaender T.Comparison of Operating Speed on Dry and WetPavement of Two Lane Highways.Transportation Research Record 1280,Washington,D.C;TRB,1990:199-207.
[21]贺玉龙,卢仲贤,马国雄等.高速公路直线段车辆稳定运行速度模型.公路.2002,10:99-103.
[22]王广山.高速公路设计一致性评价模型研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京工业大学,2000.
[23]J.Transp.Engrg.Prediction of Operating Speed on Three-Dimensional Highway Alignments.American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE).2001,127(1):21-30.
[24]中华人民共和国推荐性行业标准.公路项目安全性评价指南(JTG/T B05-2004).北京:人民交通出版社.2004.
[25]张廷楷,张金水.道路勘测设计.上海:同济大学出版社.2003.
[26]肖葵香.行车视距在道路设计中的应用.湖南中南大学勘测设计研究院.2003,12:73-75.
[27]刘开生.公路平面线形的连续性及评定方法.中国公路学报.1992,15(3):28-35.
[28]陈江涛.高速公路停车视距的分析.湖南交通科技.2005,31(2):128-129.
[29]牛兆霞.公路纵断面线形舒适性评价方法研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2005.
[30]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路路线设计规范(送审稿).北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[31]周君.高速公路横向力系数建模与安全评价:(硕士学位论文).昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[32]黄海彬.如何应用公路路线线形设计层次分析法.广东科技.2007,11:13-14.
[33]许树柏.层次分析法原理.天津:天津大学出版社,1998.
[34]陈晓利,韩直等.基于模糊评判的高速公路线形安全性评价.中国水运(学术版).2007,7(10):122-123.
[35]何桂平,李宇峙,黄永根.水泥混凝土路面综合路况的灰色评价方法研究.长沙交通学院学报.1999,9(3):42-47.
[36]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[37]王岩.公路交通事故危险性与事故原因的灰色关联分析.中国安全生产科学技术.2000,8(4):56-60.
[38]范翔.基于灰色关联度的多级模糊综合评价模型在道路安全评价中的应用.公路.2005,9:137-138.
[39]Kratmnes,R.A.Design Speed and Operating speed in Rural Highway Aligmnent Design.Paper presented at the 73rd Annuall Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.Washington,D.C.1994:68-75.
[40]Leish J.E,Leisch J.P.New Concepts in Design Speed Application.In Transportation Research Record 631,TRB,Washington,D.C.1997:4-14.
[41]才西月,姚丽.运行速度与道路线形的连续性.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2005,7(1):3-4.
[42]Federal Highway Administration.Interactive Highway Safety Design Model(IHSDM).Washington.D.C,1995.
[43]高建平,郭忠印.基于运行车速的公路线形设计质量评价.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2004,32(7):906-911.
[44]Dirk E.Smith,John M.Starkey.Effects of Model Complexity on the Performance of Automated Vehicle Steering Controllers:Model Development,Validation and Comparison.Vehicle System Dynamics.1995,24(2),163-181.
[45]杨志清,郭忠印,杜晓丽.基于视觉信息的高速公路运行车速预测模型.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2007,35(7):929-934.
[46]高振海,管欣,郭孔辉.驾驶员轨迹决策行为影响因素的仿真研究.公路交通科技.2000,6:73-75.
[47]刘哲义.高速公路驾驶员/心理特点对行车安全的危害与预防.公路交通科技.1999,3:72-75.
[48]J.Comp.in Cir.Engrg.Automated GIS-Based System for Speed Estimation and Highway Safety Evaluation.American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE).2008,22(5):325-331.
[49]张映雪.道路平面线形对交通事故的影响.公路与汽运.2002,12(6):38-39.
[50]宋涛,张永生,郭彩香.山区公路平曲线运行速度预测模型研究.交通运输工程与信息学报.2007,5(1):118-123.
[51]靳灿章,杨春风,魏连雨等.车速作为线形评价参数的敏感性分析.河北工业大学学报.2004,33(1):36-40.
[52]梁建良,基于运行速度的高速公路线形评价方法研究:(硕士学位论文).石家庄:河北工业大学.2006,11.
[53]钟小明,刘小明,荣建等.高速公路小客车平曲线及纵坡模型在弯坡段的应用.第二届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集.
[54]吴德华,方守恩.高速公路线形设计的质量量化评价模型.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2005,33(11):1469-1473.
[55]胡利娥.运行速度对某高速公路线形设计安全性的分析评价.湖南交通科技.2006,32(2):37-40.
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路工程技术标准(JTGB01-2003).北京:人民交通出版社.2004.
[3]靳烂章.高速公路线形评价-评价指标的选取及理论分析:(硕士学位论文).河北:河北工业大学,2003.
[4]梁复,郭忠印,方守恩.道路线形与道路安全性关系的统计分析.同济大学学报.2002:203-206.
[5]陶久选.车速图分析道路线形的技术探讨.华东公路.1999,2:27-28.
[6]张雨化.道路勘测设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1997.
[7]岩间滋等著,任力译.透视图法在公路设计中的应用.北京:人民交通出版社.
[8]杨少伟,许金良,杨宏志.考虑平、纵、横三方面关系的横向加速度变化率.中国公路学报.1999,12(4):12-16.
[9]Orhan Baykal.Concept of Lateral Change Of Acceleration.Journal of Surveying Engineering.ASCE,1996:132-141.
[10]高建平,孔令旗,郭忠印等.高速公路运行车速研究.重庆交通学院学报.2004,23(4):78-81.
[11]范振宇,张剑飞.运行车速概念及在我国线形设计中的应用研究.山西交通科技.2001,2:8-11.
[12]陈胜营,张剑飞,汪亚干.运行车速与道路设计.公路,1998,11:40-43.
[13]杨少伟,许金良,李伟等.路线设计中车辆行驶速度预测模型.长安大学学报(自然版).2003,23(3):23-25.
[14]邹健.浅论道路线形设计对交通安全的影响及改善措施.公路.2002,6:42-46.
[15]杨少伟.可能速度与公路线形设计方法研究:(博士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2004,11.
[16][日]日本道路公团著.日本高速公路设计要领.西安:陕西旅游出版社,1991.
[17][日]大家胜美,木仓正美著,沈华春译.公路线形设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1981.
[18]黄进,方守恩.交互式道路安全设计模型IHSDM与事故预测模型APM.交通与计算机.2002,20(5):32-35.
[19]R.Lame,A.K.Guenther,and E.M.Choueri.Safety Module for Highway Design:Applied Manually or Using CAD.Paper Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.Washington,D.C.January,1992.
[20]Lamm R.,Choueiri E.M.,Mailaender T.Comparison of Operating Speed on Dry and WetPavement of Two Lane Highways.Transportation Research Record 1280,Washington,D.C;TRB,1990:199-207.
[21]贺玉龙,卢仲贤,马国雄等.高速公路直线段车辆稳定运行速度模型.公路.2002,10:99-103.
[22]王广山.高速公路设计一致性评价模型研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:北京工业大学,2000.
[23]J.Transp.Engrg.Prediction of Operating Speed on Three-Dimensional Highway Alignments.American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE).2001,127(1):21-30.
[24]中华人民共和国推荐性行业标准.公路项目安全性评价指南(JTG/T B05-2004).北京:人民交通出版社.2004.
[25]张廷楷,张金水.道路勘测设计.上海:同济大学出版社.2003.
[26]肖葵香.行车视距在道路设计中的应用.湖南中南大学勘测设计研究院.2003,12:73-75.
[27]刘开生.公路平面线形的连续性及评定方法.中国公路学报.1992,15(3):28-35.
[28]陈江涛.高速公路停车视距的分析.湖南交通科技.2005,31(2):128-129.
[29]牛兆霞.公路纵断面线形舒适性评价方法研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2005.
[30]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路路线设计规范(送审稿).北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[31]周君.高速公路横向力系数建模与安全评价:(硕士学位论文).昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[32]黄海彬.如何应用公路路线线形设计层次分析法.广东科技.2007,11:13-14.
[33]许树柏.层次分析法原理.天津:天津大学出版社,1998.
[34]陈晓利,韩直等.基于模糊评判的高速公路线形安全性评价.中国水运(学术版).2007,7(10):122-123.
[35]何桂平,李宇峙,黄永根.水泥混凝土路面综合路况的灰色评价方法研究.长沙交通学院学报.1999,9(3):42-47.
[36]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[37]王岩.公路交通事故危险性与事故原因的灰色关联分析.中国安全生产科学技术.2000,8(4):56-60.
[38]范翔.基于灰色关联度的多级模糊综合评价模型在道路安全评价中的应用.公路.2005,9:137-138.
[39]Kratmnes,R.A.Design Speed and Operating speed in Rural Highway Aligmnent Design.Paper presented at the 73rd Annuall Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.Washington,D.C.1994:68-75.
[40]Leish J.E,Leisch J.P.New Concepts in Design Speed Application.In Transportation Research Record 631,TRB,Washington,D.C.1997:4-14.
[41]才西月,姚丽.运行速度与道路线形的连续性.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报.2005,7(1):3-4.
[42]Federal Highway Administration.Interactive Highway Safety Design Model(IHSDM).Washington.D.C,1995.
[43]高建平,郭忠印.基于运行车速的公路线形设计质量评价.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2004,32(7):906-911.
[44]Dirk E.Smith,John M.Starkey.Effects of Model Complexity on the Performance of Automated Vehicle Steering Controllers:Model Development,Validation and Comparison.Vehicle System Dynamics.1995,24(2),163-181.
[45]杨志清,郭忠印,杜晓丽.基于视觉信息的高速公路运行车速预测模型.同济大学学报(自然科学版).2007,35(7):929-934.
[46]高振海,管欣,郭孔辉.驾驶员轨迹决策行为影响因素的仿真研究.公路交通科技.2000,6:73-75.
[47]刘哲义.高速公路驾驶员/心理特点对行车安全的危害与预防.公路交通科技.1999,3:72-75.
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