面向复杂产品的配置设计方案评价
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摘要
大批量定制的核心是为客户提供多样化产品的同时,尽量减少企业内部多样化,以降低产品成本和提高产品质量;重用已有资源是减少企业内部多样化的主要措施。在复杂产品配置设计过程中,对模块和零部件的选用需要有正确的评价方法,同时对最终复杂产品配置方案也要有合理的评价策略和方法。对产品配置方案的评价需要系统性考虑产品全生命周期中的各种因素。本论文运用复杂网络的理论和方法,以产品实例库为切入点来对产品配置设计方案进行评价;结合某汽轮机产品实例库,提出了产品平台中模块通用性和集成性的评价方法,以及复杂产品最终配置方案的评价方法,并进行了实例研究。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
首先介绍了大批量定制的配置设计原理与方法、产品平台和配置设计方案评价的研究现状,以及本论文的研究意义与内容。由于考虑到产品全生命周期,从零部件主模型和产品族主结构的角度,详细阐述了产品平台的构建过程,并介绍了基于产品平台的配置设计过程。
其次提出了一种从零部件实例库的角度来构建产品族模块隶属关系网络的方法,利用复杂网络简单路径的搜索算法对产品族中模块重用数和模块相关度进行统计分析,提出了产品平台中模块通用性和集成性评价方法,并以汽轮机产品为例对该评价方法进行实例研究。
最后构建了产品族零部件隶属关系网络,并对网络结构进行分析;结合节点度分布,提出平均出度影响该网络节点入度的产品结构网络演化规律与动力学方程。对产品族中零部件进行了分析,在此基础上统计了零部件重用数系数和零部件关联系数;结合复杂网络的参数,提出了面向复杂产品的配置设计方案的评价方法,并以汽轮机产品为例对该评价方法进行了实例分析。
The core of mass customization is to provide customers with diversified products, as well as to reduce the internal diversification of the enterprise in order to reduce product cost and improve product quality. Reusing resources is a main method to reduce the diversity. To configure a complex product, a proper evaluation method of the selection of modules and parts is necessary, besides it need an evaluation method of the final configuration scheme. In order to meet the core of mass customization, it is necessary to make a systematic evaluation of configuration schemes from product lifecycle standpoint. In this paper, evaluation methodology of configuration design cases for complicated product was studied deeply on the case library of product with the theory and method of complex network. Universality and integrativity evaluation of the module in product platform, and evaluation method of final configuration schemes are proposed. As an example, the methods are applied to industrial steam turbine and are verified. The main research contents in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the configuration design principle and methods of mass customization, the current situation of the research are expatiated. The significance and main content of paper are given. As a result of having regard to the product lifecycle, the building process of product platform is elaborated from the angles of parts master model and product family primary structure. And the process of configuration design based on product platform is described.
Secondly, the method of building product family modules affiliation network based on parts case library is researched. Based on the complex network, parameters such as re-use number of module and modules related degree are calculated through a search algorithm of simple path. Through the analysis of the parameters, the evaluation methods of universality and integrativity are proposed separately.
Finally, the method of building product family parts affiliation network is researched. The characteristics of the network are analyzed, combining the degree distribution rule, the evolving rule and dynamic equation of component relation network based on the factor of the average out-degree have an effect on the in-degree distribution are proposed. Based on the parts relation network, parameters such as re-use number of part and parts related coefficient are calculated through a search algorithm of simple path. In addition, combining clustering coefficient, the evaluation method of configuration design schemes for complex product is presented.
首先介绍了大批量定制的配置设计原理与方法、产品平台和配置设计方案评价的研究现状,以及本论文的研究意义与内容。由于考虑到产品全生命周期,从零部件主模型和产品族主结构的角度,详细阐述了产品平台的构建过程,并介绍了基于产品平台的配置设计过程。
其次提出了一种从零部件实例库的角度来构建产品族模块隶属关系网络的方法,利用复杂网络简单路径的搜索算法对产品族中模块重用数和模块相关度进行统计分析,提出了产品平台中模块通用性和集成性评价方法,并以汽轮机产品为例对该评价方法进行实例研究。
最后构建了产品族零部件隶属关系网络,并对网络结构进行分析;结合节点度分布,提出平均出度影响该网络节点入度的产品结构网络演化规律与动力学方程。对产品族中零部件进行了分析,在此基础上统计了零部件重用数系数和零部件关联系数;结合复杂网络的参数,提出了面向复杂产品的配置设计方案的评价方法,并以汽轮机产品为例对该评价方法进行了实例分析。
The core of mass customization is to provide customers with diversified products, as well as to reduce the internal diversification of the enterprise in order to reduce product cost and improve product quality. Reusing resources is a main method to reduce the diversity. To configure a complex product, a proper evaluation method of the selection of modules and parts is necessary, besides it need an evaluation method of the final configuration scheme. In order to meet the core of mass customization, it is necessary to make a systematic evaluation of configuration schemes from product lifecycle standpoint. In this paper, evaluation methodology of configuration design cases for complicated product was studied deeply on the case library of product with the theory and method of complex network. Universality and integrativity evaluation of the module in product platform, and evaluation method of final configuration schemes are proposed. As an example, the methods are applied to industrial steam turbine and are verified. The main research contents in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the configuration design principle and methods of mass customization, the current situation of the research are expatiated. The significance and main content of paper are given. As a result of having regard to the product lifecycle, the building process of product platform is elaborated from the angles of parts master model and product family primary structure. And the process of configuration design based on product platform is described.
Secondly, the method of building product family modules affiliation network based on parts case library is researched. Based on the complex network, parameters such as re-use number of module and modules related degree are calculated through a search algorithm of simple path. Through the analysis of the parameters, the evaluation methods of universality and integrativity are proposed separately.
Finally, the method of building product family parts affiliation network is researched. The characteristics of the network are analyzed, combining the degree distribution rule, the evolving rule and dynamic equation of component relation network based on the factor of the average out-degree have an effect on the in-degree distribution are proposed. Based on the parts relation network, parameters such as re-use number of part and parts related coefficient are calculated through a search algorithm of simple path. In addition, combining clustering coefficient, the evaluation method of configuration design schemes for complex product is presented.
引文
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[2]徐路宁,张和明,张永康.复杂产品协调设计中的关键问题的研究[J].现代制造工程,2005(1):10-13
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[4]祁国宁,顾新建,谭建荣等.大批量定制技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[5]谭建荣,张树有,纪杨建等.集成环境下大批量定制的产品配置设计技术及其应用[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(19):1706-1708
[6]王世伟,谭建荣,张树有等.基于GBOM的产品配置研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(5):655-659
[7]张芬,陈卓宁,严晓光.大规模定制下的产品配置设计研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(2):99-102
[8]刘晓冰,袁长峰,刑英杰等.基于类和特征的产品配置建模[J].计算机集成制造系统MS,2005,11(8):1057-1063
[9]程存有,叶小俊.BOM的建立及在PDM与ERP集成系统中的应用[J].计算机工程,2003,29(4):143-145
[10]约瑟夫·萧塔纳.祁国宁译.制造企业的产品数据管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[11]张劲松,王启富,万立等.基于本体的产品配置建模研究[J].计算机集成制造系统, 2003,9(5):344-350
[12]王新,谭建荣,孙卫红.基于实例的需求产品配置技术研究[J].中国机械工程, 2006, 17(2):146-151
[13] GONZAL EZ-ZU GA STI J P. Models for platform-based product family design [D].Canbridge, Mass. , USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000
[14] MOORE W L, LOUVIER J J, VERMA R. Using conjoint analysis to help design product platform [J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1999, 16(1): 27-39
[15]贡智兵.基于产品平台的快速设计关键技术研究及实现[D].南京:南京理工大学.2007
[16]秦红斌,肖人彬,钟毅芳等.面向产品族设计的公共产品平台评价与决策[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7):1286-1294
[17] Saaty T L. The Analytic Hierarchy Process [M]. New York, McGraw Hill, 1980, Reprinted by RWS Publication, Pittsburgh, 1996
[18]许树柏.层次分析法原理[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1988
[19]魏晓鸣,刘晓冰,杨春立.产品配置设计评价模型研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2006,46(4):510-515
[20]鲁聪达,吕超群,刘高进等.面向客户需求的产品配置方案模糊综合评价[J].现代制造工程,2006,10:17-20
[21]李斌,史明华,肖放等.基于模块化设计的产品方案模糊评价方法的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007,8:206-208
[22]马鹏举,朱东波,丁玉成等.基于模糊层次分析方法(F-AHP)的盟员优化选择算法[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,33(7):108-110
[23]黄广龙,余忠华,吴昭同.基于证据推理与粗集理论的主客观综合评价方法[J].中国机械工程,2001,12(8):930-934
[24] Fujita K. Product variety optimization under modular architecture [J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2002,34(12): 953-965
[25] Zhang L, Subbarayan G. An evaluation of back-propagation neural networks for the optimaldesign of structural systems: Part 1. Training procedures [J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2002,191(25-26): 2837-2886
[26] Thielman J, Ge P, Wu Q, et al. Evaluation and optimization of general atomics’GT-MHRreactor cavity cooling system using an axiomatic design approach [J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2005,235(13): 1389-1402
[27] Newman M.E.J. Models of the small world [J]. Journal of Statical Physics, 2000,101: 819-841
[28] Watts D.J,Strogatz S.H. Nature, 1998,393: 440
[29] Faloutsos M, Faloutsos P, Faloutsos C. Computer Communications Review, 1999,29: 251
[30] Liljeros F, et al. Nature, 2001,411:907
[31] Ebel H, Mielsch L, Borbholdt S. Phys. Rev. E,2002,66: 35-103
[32]周涛等.复杂网络研究概述[J].物理学进展,2005,34(1):31-32
[33]汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[34] X Li, G Chen. A local-world evolving network model [J]. Physical A, 2003,328(A): 274-286
[35] Wen-Xu Wang, Bing-Hong Wang, Bo Hu, et al. General Dynamics of Topology and Trafficon Weighted Technological Networks. Physical Review Letters, 2005,94(18/188702): 1-4
[36]何阅,张培培,许田等.一个科研合作网的双粒子图自适应演化模型[J].物理学报,2004,53(6):1710-1715
[37]章忠志,荣莉莉,周涛.一类无标度合作网络的演化模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2005,11:55-60
[38]车宏安,顾基发.无标度网络及其系统科学意义[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,21(4):11-16
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