单件小批量产品创新设计智能信息支撑技术研究
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摘要
单件小批量企业根据客户的需求进行产品的设计和生产,设计的产品品种多、数量少、规格多变、结构复杂,技术要求也比较高,且在生产过程中客户频繁地更改订单的现象经常出现,接受订单的时间和数量很难像大批量企业那样可以预测,这就要求单件小批量产品生产企业在接到定单时,能快速地给出产品的设计,在与用户交互后,能根据用户的要求快速地对设计的产品进行改进,这就给产品的创新设计系统提出了很高的要求。
为了提高单件小批量产品创新设计的速度,采用基于KBE(Knowledge Based Engineering)的知识表示方法来表示单件小批量产品生命周期中所涉及的各种知识,各种知识表示方法都有针对性和局限性,所以针对产品的不同应用领域和不同类型的知识应该采用不同的知识表示方式,选择知识表示方式时应该综合考虑知识的特点,便于以后知识推理的实现和知识的维护与管理。
单件小批量产品在创新设计中会遇到很多冲突,这些冲突可以通过TRIZ(Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch)理论来得到解决。根据相似要素的相似度计算公式对参数做逐一计算,由相似值的大小来判断参数是相异、相似或相同,由此将39个普通工程参数重组归纳为15个向量参数,原TRIZ理论冲突矩阵改进为15个分块冲突矩阵,更有利于矛盾分析的快速查找和范围的锁定。在创建单件小批量产品的知识库时,可以将改进后的TRIZ理论分块冲突矩阵引入创新设计系统中,建立TRIZ理论建议库。另外详细介绍了单件小批量产品智能创新设计系统的执行流程,并对创新设计方案给出了模糊综合评价体系。
最后用JSP+Javabean+Servlet模式研发了一个具有一定先进性和实用性的单件小批量产品的创新设计原型系统,对创新设计系统的功能模型及动态设计进行了分析,并构建了完善的数据库。
Single-piece and small batch production enterprises design and produce products according to the needs of customers, so the design product is numerous in variety, and in a small number, it has varied specification, complex structure and relatively high technical requirements. In the production process, the orders of customers are frequently changed, and receiving orders time and the number of orders are difficult to be predicted as high-volume products. So it not only requires single-piece and small batch production enterprises can quickly give the product design when they receive the orders, but also requires they can quickly improve the designed product according to the requirements of customers after they interacted with the user. This raises a very high demand on product innovation design system.
To improve the speed of the single-piece and small-batch product in innovating design, many kinds of knowledge representation ways KBE (Knowledge Based Engineering) based are used to show knowledge of the single-piece and small-patch product concerned the life cycle of the products. Various knowledge representation methods are limited and targeted. Therefore, different types of knowledge in different stages of products life cycle or in different applications should be expressed in different ways. The characteristics of knowledge should be comprehensive considered in the choice of knowledge representation in order to knowledge reasoning and knowledge maintenance.
There will be many conflicts in the unit production's innovation, but it can be solved by TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch) theory. According to the similarity calculation formula of similar factor, calculate the parameters one by one. The size of similar value determines that the value of similar elements is different, similar or identical. From that, 39 general engineering parameters are reorganized and grouped into 15 vector parameters, the primary TRIZ theory conflict matrixes are improved as 15 block conflict matrixes which supply the short-cut for designers to benefit the quick retrieve of contradiction analysis and the locking of range. We can introduce the TRIZ theory block conflict matrixes into the system of innovative design to set up the TRIZ theory suggestion base. In addition, the implemented process of the single-piece and small-lot products innovative design system is introduced, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system is proposed for the innovation.
We developed an advanced and practical innovative design prototype system of single-piece and small-lot products with the model which is the combination of JAVA, Javabean and Servlet. Functional model and dynamic design of the innovative design system were analyzed, and build a Perfect database.
为了提高单件小批量产品创新设计的速度,采用基于KBE(Knowledge Based Engineering)的知识表示方法来表示单件小批量产品生命周期中所涉及的各种知识,各种知识表示方法都有针对性和局限性,所以针对产品的不同应用领域和不同类型的知识应该采用不同的知识表示方式,选择知识表示方式时应该综合考虑知识的特点,便于以后知识推理的实现和知识的维护与管理。
单件小批量产品在创新设计中会遇到很多冲突,这些冲突可以通过TRIZ(Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch)理论来得到解决。根据相似要素的相似度计算公式对参数做逐一计算,由相似值的大小来判断参数是相异、相似或相同,由此将39个普通工程参数重组归纳为15个向量参数,原TRIZ理论冲突矩阵改进为15个分块冲突矩阵,更有利于矛盾分析的快速查找和范围的锁定。在创建单件小批量产品的知识库时,可以将改进后的TRIZ理论分块冲突矩阵引入创新设计系统中,建立TRIZ理论建议库。另外详细介绍了单件小批量产品智能创新设计系统的执行流程,并对创新设计方案给出了模糊综合评价体系。
最后用JSP+Javabean+Servlet模式研发了一个具有一定先进性和实用性的单件小批量产品的创新设计原型系统,对创新设计系统的功能模型及动态设计进行了分析,并构建了完善的数据库。
Single-piece and small batch production enterprises design and produce products according to the needs of customers, so the design product is numerous in variety, and in a small number, it has varied specification, complex structure and relatively high technical requirements. In the production process, the orders of customers are frequently changed, and receiving orders time and the number of orders are difficult to be predicted as high-volume products. So it not only requires single-piece and small batch production enterprises can quickly give the product design when they receive the orders, but also requires they can quickly improve the designed product according to the requirements of customers after they interacted with the user. This raises a very high demand on product innovation design system.
To improve the speed of the single-piece and small-batch product in innovating design, many kinds of knowledge representation ways KBE (Knowledge Based Engineering) based are used to show knowledge of the single-piece and small-patch product concerned the life cycle of the products. Various knowledge representation methods are limited and targeted. Therefore, different types of knowledge in different stages of products life cycle or in different applications should be expressed in different ways. The characteristics of knowledge should be comprehensive considered in the choice of knowledge representation in order to knowledge reasoning and knowledge maintenance.
There will be many conflicts in the unit production's innovation, but it can be solved by TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch) theory. According to the similarity calculation formula of similar factor, calculate the parameters one by one. The size of similar value determines that the value of similar elements is different, similar or identical. From that, 39 general engineering parameters are reorganized and grouped into 15 vector parameters, the primary TRIZ theory conflict matrixes are improved as 15 block conflict matrixes which supply the short-cut for designers to benefit the quick retrieve of contradiction analysis and the locking of range. We can introduce the TRIZ theory block conflict matrixes into the system of innovative design to set up the TRIZ theory suggestion base. In addition, the implemented process of the single-piece and small-lot products innovative design system is introduced, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system is proposed for the innovation.
We developed an advanced and practical innovative design prototype system of single-piece and small-lot products with the model which is the combination of JAVA, Javabean and Servlet. Functional model and dynamic design of the innovative design system were analyzed, and build a Perfect database.
引文
[1]杨清亮.发明是这样诞生的：TRIZ理论全接触[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[2]Luke S R. A conceptual design tool for engineers:an amalgamation of theory of constraints, theory of inventive problem solving and logic [D]. Virginia:Old Dominion University,2002.
[3]Savransky SD. Engineering of creativity [M]. New York:RC Press,2000.
[4]Victor Fey, Eugene Rivin. Innovation on deman [M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[5]赵新军.技术创新理论及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[6]Domb E H, Dettmer W. Breakthrough innovation in conflict resolution marrying TRIZ and the thinking process [J]. TRIZ Journal,1999,6 (1):223.
[7]Zhang Peng, Gai Feng. The conceptual design method for a pumping unit based on QFD and TRIZ [J]. Petroleum Science,2005,2 (4):122.
[8]彭颖红,胡洁.KBE技术及其在产品设计中的应用[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2007：1-19
[9]杨海成,廖文和.基于知识的三维CAD应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005：2-65
[10]Penoyerl J A, Burnett G, Fawcett D J, et al. Knowledge based product life cycle systems:principles of integration of KBE and C3P [J]. Computer Aided Design,2000,32:3112320.
[11]毛国红.面向网络化制造的产品建模技术研究(硕士学位论文)[D].浙江大学.2005
[12]Mili F, Shen W, Martinez I, et al. Knowledge modeling for design decision [J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,2001,15 (2):1532164.
[13]吴庆鸣,李勇,周超.基于知识工程复杂产品开发过程的模型研究[J].工程设计学报,2008,15(5)：324-329
[14]王义林,郑金桥,李志刚.基于KBE的大型复杂冲压件工艺信息模型的研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2006,34(1)：4-7
[15]Yao Tsung L In, Tseng S S, Tsa I Ch Ifeng. Design and Imp lamentation of New Object oriented Rule BaseMan argument System [J]. Expert Systems with App libations,2003,25:369-385.
[16]李霄林,何玉林,冯豪等.基于知识工程的摩托车总体设计知识库[J].重庆大学学报,2006,29(3)：15-18
[17]孙学军,何玉林,杜静等.面向知识工程的摩托车产品信息建模研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(11)：1531-1534
[18]Chapman C B, Pinfold M1 The application of a knowledge based engineering approach to the rapid design and analysis of an automotive structure [J]1 Advances in Engineering Software,2001,32 (12): 903-912
[19]曹生荣,王先甲,周厚贵.基于知识工程的防洪调度专家系统设计[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(3)：59-61
[20]张松林.机械系统的一种创新设计[J].武汉理工大学学报.2001,25(3)：306-308
[21]童时中.模块化原理设计方法及应用[J].北京：中国标准出版社,2000：20-23
[22]李维凤.基于模块化的膜产品的方案设计(硕士学位论文)[D].天津工业大学.2007：14-16
[23]祁卓娅,韩新民.机械产品模块化集成设计方法研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2006,23(4)：25-29
[24]侯亮.机械产品广义模块化设计理论研究及其在液压机产品中的应用(博士学位论文)[D].天津大学.2002：121-124
[25]谢庆生,李亚青,韩涛等.基于模块化思想的TRIZ分块冲突矩阵方法[J].兰州理工大学学报.2009,35(5)：36-41
[26刘明忠,王家海.基于TRIZ理论的离合器机构的创新设计[J].机电产品开发与创新.2008,21(5)：14-15
[27]丁聪莉,史翔,贡智兵TRIZ理论及其在机械产品设计中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化.2009,38(21)：67-70
[28]Wang Xiaohong, Zhu Saijuan, et all Development of evaluation module by UG [J]1 Machinery, 2000,27 (4):3～4 (in Chinese)
[29]严帅.机械创新设计方案模糊评价[J].机电产品开发与创新.2007,20(5)：39-40
[30]张松林,刘宁,李波.模糊综合评判方法及其在机械设计中的应用[J].2001,25(2)：150-153
[31]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[32]文斌.联轴器设计选用手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：345-354
[33]王先国,方鹏,曾碧卿,刘烨.UML统一建模实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009：49-52
[34]牛丽平,郭新志,宋强等.UML面向对象设计与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007：21-37
[35]吴庆鸣,张志强.基于KBE的隧道掘进机主机智能设计系统[J].中国机械工程,2006,]7(4)：331-333
[36]赫雄,许宏康等.SQL Server 2000应用程序开发[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2001：341-405
[37]Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 XML和Internet支持[M].北京：科学出版社,2000:73-105
[38]孙卫琴Tomcat与Java Web开发技术详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009
[39]耿祥义,张跃平.JSP实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[40]闫术卓,杨强Structs 2技术详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[41]李峰JavaScript开发技术详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[42]王国辉,王毅,尹相群Java Web开发技术方案宝典[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：23-40
[43]万峰科技.JSP网站开发四“酷”全书[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[44]范勇,兰景英,李绘卓.软件测试技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2009：40-65
[45]耿祥义,张跃平Java大学实用教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[2]Luke S R. A conceptual design tool for engineers:an amalgamation of theory of constraints, theory of inventive problem solving and logic [D]. Virginia:Old Dominion University,2002.
[3]Savransky SD. Engineering of creativity [M]. New York:RC Press,2000.
[4]Victor Fey, Eugene Rivin. Innovation on deman [M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[5]赵新军.技术创新理论及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[6]Domb E H, Dettmer W. Breakthrough innovation in conflict resolution marrying TRIZ and the thinking process [J]. TRIZ Journal,1999,6 (1):223.
[7]Zhang Peng, Gai Feng. The conceptual design method for a pumping unit based on QFD and TRIZ [J]. Petroleum Science,2005,2 (4):122.
[8]彭颖红,胡洁.KBE技术及其在产品设计中的应用[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2007：1-19
[9]杨海成,廖文和.基于知识的三维CAD应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005：2-65
[10]Penoyerl J A, Burnett G, Fawcett D J, et al. Knowledge based product life cycle systems:principles of integration of KBE and C3P [J]. Computer Aided Design,2000,32:3112320.
[11]毛国红.面向网络化制造的产品建模技术研究(硕士学位论文)[D].浙江大学.2005
[12]Mili F, Shen W, Martinez I, et al. Knowledge modeling for design decision [J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,2001,15 (2):1532164.
[13]吴庆鸣,李勇,周超.基于知识工程复杂产品开发过程的模型研究[J].工程设计学报,2008,15(5)：324-329
[14]王义林,郑金桥,李志刚.基于KBE的大型复杂冲压件工艺信息模型的研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2006,34(1)：4-7
[15]Yao Tsung L In, Tseng S S, Tsa I Ch Ifeng. Design and Imp lamentation of New Object oriented Rule BaseMan argument System [J]. Expert Systems with App libations,2003,25:369-385.
[16]李霄林,何玉林,冯豪等.基于知识工程的摩托车总体设计知识库[J].重庆大学学报,2006,29(3)：15-18
[17]孙学军,何玉林,杜静等.面向知识工程的摩托车产品信息建模研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,11(11)：1531-1534
[18]Chapman C B, Pinfold M1 The application of a knowledge based engineering approach to the rapid design and analysis of an automotive structure [J]1 Advances in Engineering Software,2001,32 (12): 903-912
[19]曹生荣,王先甲,周厚贵.基于知识工程的防洪调度专家系统设计[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(3)：59-61
[20]张松林.机械系统的一种创新设计[J].武汉理工大学学报.2001,25(3)：306-308
[21]童时中.模块化原理设计方法及应用[J].北京：中国标准出版社,2000：20-23
[22]李维凤.基于模块化的膜产品的方案设计(硕士学位论文)[D].天津工业大学.2007：14-16
[23]祁卓娅,韩新民.机械产品模块化集成设计方法研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2006,23(4)：25-29
[24]侯亮.机械产品广义模块化设计理论研究及其在液压机产品中的应用(博士学位论文)[D].天津大学.2002：121-124
[25]谢庆生,李亚青,韩涛等.基于模块化思想的TRIZ分块冲突矩阵方法[J].兰州理工大学学报.2009,35(5)：36-41
[26刘明忠,王家海.基于TRIZ理论的离合器机构的创新设计[J].机电产品开发与创新.2008,21(5)：14-15
[27]丁聪莉,史翔,贡智兵TRIZ理论及其在机械产品设计中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化.2009,38(21)：67-70
[28]Wang Xiaohong, Zhu Saijuan, et all Development of evaluation module by UG [J]1 Machinery, 2000,27 (4):3～4 (in Chinese)
[29]严帅.机械创新设计方案模糊评价[J].机电产品开发与创新.2007,20(5)：39-40
[30]张松林,刘宁,李波.模糊综合评判方法及其在机械设计中的应用[J].2001,25(2)：150-153
[31]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[32]文斌.联轴器设计选用手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：345-354
[33]王先国,方鹏,曾碧卿,刘烨.UML统一建模实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009：49-52
[34]牛丽平,郭新志,宋强等.UML面向对象设计与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007：21-37
[35]吴庆鸣,张志强.基于KBE的隧道掘进机主机智能设计系统[J].中国机械工程,2006,]7(4)：331-333
[36]赫雄,许宏康等.SQL Server 2000应用程序开发[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2001：341-405
[37]Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 XML和Internet支持[M].北京：科学出版社,2000:73-105
[38]孙卫琴Tomcat与Java Web开发技术详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009
[39]耿祥义,张跃平.JSP实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[40]闫术卓,杨强Structs 2技术详解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[41]李峰JavaScript开发技术详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2009
[42]王国辉,王毅,尹相群Java Web开发技术方案宝典[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：23-40
[43]万峰科技.JSP网站开发四“酷”全书[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[44]范勇,兰景英,李绘卓.软件测试技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2009：40-65
[45]耿祥义,张跃平Java大学实用教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008