设计阶段监理投资控制的研究
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摘要
随着我国改革开放的不断深入,建筑业的地位和作用已经变的越来越重要,它已经成为我国国民经济的支柱性产业之一。随着建筑业的迅速发展,如何用有限的资金投入产生最大的经济效益已经是这个领域的重大问题。在整个工程建设过程中,工程设计是将决策与构想变为现实的唯一方式,同时又是指导建设项目实施的经济技术文件。设计阶段的资金投入所占比例虽然不大,但它对整个项目目标的完成却有着极大的影响;而施工阶段虽然占有大部分的资金投入,但它的可塑性小,只能在施工阶段加强控制避免过度浪费,对大幅度的节约投资贡献和潜力不大。根据有关资料分析:设计费虽然在工程全寿命费用的1%左右,但在决策正确的条件下,它对工程造价的影响程度达到90%左右。所以从投资控制角度来说,设计阶段是建设项目投资控制的关键阶段,它决定了建设规模和建设标准,同时也决定了建设项目投资规模的大小。因此,当建设项目决策后,控制建设项目投资的关键环节就是在设计阶段。
自改革开放以来,我国房地产业迅猛发展。据资料显示,2007年全年的前11个月,全国40个重点城市累计完成房地产开发投资13092亿元,同比增长24.8%。其中住宅产业投资为8974亿元,约占总投资的69%,同比增长25.3%。然而房地产综合投资效益并不高,投资失控现象比比皆是。造成这一现象的主要原因就是缺乏对设计阶段投资控制的监督和管理。本文针对这一现象,以住宅产业项目为例,对设计阶段投资控制的内容、特点和方法加以阐述,找出设计阶段影响工程造价的重大环节,运用设计阶段监理投资控制的方法和程序,有效的控制住工程造价,以达到提高综合效益的目的。本文的主要内容如下:
介绍了设计监理的工作内容和程序。
介绍了设计阶段投资监理的工作内容、程序和措施。
介绍了设计阶段投资控制监理的主要工作方法。
对住宅项目设计阶段监理控制投资的方法进行了探讨。
With the constant deepening of reform and opening-up of our country , the position and the function of the construction has already changed are more and more important, it has already become one of the industry of pillars of our national economy. With the rapid development of the construction, the important issue of this field is how to get the greatest economic benefits by limited fund input. In the whole engineering construction, engineering design is the only way to make policy and conceive turn into the realistic, while it is also the technological and economy file guiding how to built project implementation. Though the proportion of fund inputting design phase is not big, it has great influence on the completion of the whole project goal; And though construction stage occupies most fund input, its plasticity is small, can only strengthen and control avoiding excessively wasting during the course of constructing, contribute to the thrift investment by a large margin and potentiality is not big. According to the analysis of relevant materials: The design charges though about 1% of expenses of the whole life-span of project, under the terms of making policy correctly, its influence degree to fabrication cost of the project is more than 75%. From the angle of control, design phase is the most important stage to the controlling of project investment, it has determined the construction scale and construction criterion, determined the size of the scale of investment of construction project at the same time. So, after making policy in construction project, the key of project investment controlling is on design phase.
Since reform and opening-up, the real estate of our country has developed rapidly. According to materials, in the first 11 months in the whole year of 2007, 40 key cities in the whole country finish the investment of developing real estate of 1,309,200 million yuan totally, Increase by 24.8% compared with the same period of last year. Among them industry's investment of the house is 897,400 million yuan, account for 69% of gross investment, increase by 25.3% compared with the same period of last year. But the comprehensive investment benefit of the real estate is not big, the phenomenon out of investing control can be found everywhere. The main reason for this phenomenon is to lack supervision and management to the invest controlling of design phase. This text directs against this phenomenon, takes industry's project of the house as an example, and talks about the content, characteristic and method of invest controlling of design phase, finding out the greatest links influences the cost of the project in design phase, using method and procedure of manage of design phase to make the investment under control, controls the cost of the project effectively, in order to achieve the goal of improving comprehensive benefit. The main content is as follows:
1) Have introduced working content and procedure of design supervision.
2) Have recommended working content, procedure and measure of controlling investment of design supervision.
3) Have recommended the main work methods of controlling investment of design supervision.
4) Have discussed the methods of controlling investment of design supervision of house.
自改革开放以来,我国房地产业迅猛发展。据资料显示,2007年全年的前11个月,全国40个重点城市累计完成房地产开发投资13092亿元,同比增长24.8%。其中住宅产业投资为8974亿元,约占总投资的69%,同比增长25.3%。然而房地产综合投资效益并不高,投资失控现象比比皆是。造成这一现象的主要原因就是缺乏对设计阶段投资控制的监督和管理。本文针对这一现象,以住宅产业项目为例,对设计阶段投资控制的内容、特点和方法加以阐述,找出设计阶段影响工程造价的重大环节,运用设计阶段监理投资控制的方法和程序,有效的控制住工程造价,以达到提高综合效益的目的。本文的主要内容如下:
介绍了设计监理的工作内容和程序。
介绍了设计阶段投资监理的工作内容、程序和措施。
介绍了设计阶段投资控制监理的主要工作方法。
对住宅项目设计阶段监理控制投资的方法进行了探讨。
With the constant deepening of reform and opening-up of our country , the position and the function of the construction has already changed are more and more important, it has already become one of the industry of pillars of our national economy. With the rapid development of the construction, the important issue of this field is how to get the greatest economic benefits by limited fund input. In the whole engineering construction, engineering design is the only way to make policy and conceive turn into the realistic, while it is also the technological and economy file guiding how to built project implementation. Though the proportion of fund inputting design phase is not big, it has great influence on the completion of the whole project goal; And though construction stage occupies most fund input, its plasticity is small, can only strengthen and control avoiding excessively wasting during the course of constructing, contribute to the thrift investment by a large margin and potentiality is not big. According to the analysis of relevant materials: The design charges though about 1% of expenses of the whole life-span of project, under the terms of making policy correctly, its influence degree to fabrication cost of the project is more than 75%. From the angle of control, design phase is the most important stage to the controlling of project investment, it has determined the construction scale and construction criterion, determined the size of the scale of investment of construction project at the same time. So, after making policy in construction project, the key of project investment controlling is on design phase.
Since reform and opening-up, the real estate of our country has developed rapidly. According to materials, in the first 11 months in the whole year of 2007, 40 key cities in the whole country finish the investment of developing real estate of 1,309,200 million yuan totally, Increase by 24.8% compared with the same period of last year. Among them industry's investment of the house is 897,400 million yuan, account for 69% of gross investment, increase by 25.3% compared with the same period of last year. But the comprehensive investment benefit of the real estate is not big, the phenomenon out of investing control can be found everywhere. The main reason for this phenomenon is to lack supervision and management to the invest controlling of design phase. This text directs against this phenomenon, takes industry's project of the house as an example, and talks about the content, characteristic and method of invest controlling of design phase, finding out the greatest links influences the cost of the project in design phase, using method and procedure of manage of design phase to make the investment under control, controls the cost of the project effectively, in order to achieve the goal of improving comprehensive benefit. The main content is as follows:
1) Have introduced working content and procedure of design supervision.
2) Have recommended working content, procedure and measure of controlling investment of design supervision.
3) Have recommended the main work methods of controlling investment of design supervision.
4) Have discussed the methods of controlling investment of design supervision of house.
引文
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[2]钱昆润等主编.简明监理师手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1997年
[3]苏振民编著.工程建设监理百问[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001年
[4]欧震修主编.建筑工程施工监理手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2000年
[5]叶少有,曹利海.开展工程设计监理的对策[J].运筹与管理,2008.8
[6]许元龙,徐帆.业主委托的工程项目管理[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005(3):181-184
[7]中国建设监理协会编写.建设工程质量控制[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[8]姚金星.建设项目设计监理及其信息管理系统的研究[D].重庆建筑大学,1997(12):2
[9]巩毅.加强投资全过程控制,形成我国投资监理特色[D].西安建筑科技大学,2002(02):7
[10]刘红艳,王利文,姚传勤.土模工程建设监理[M].人民交通出社,2005(8)101
[11]宋继民.工程设计监理研究[D].武汉大学,2004.(04):45-46
[12]陈强,杨韬.对工程设计监理的认识及建议[J].四川建筑,2005.2
[13]徐帆主编.项目监理工程造价控制手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[14]肖维品主编.建设监理与工程控制[M].科学技术出版社,2002
[15]刘贵文,沈岐平.价值工程在我国建筑业中发展现状的调查研究[J].价值工程,2001.3
[16]刘哗萍,陈志伟.建设项目管理[M].上海交通大学出版社,1990
[17]张传吉.建筑业价值工程[M].中国建筑工厂业出版社,1993
[18]谭浩邦.新编价值工程[M].暨南大学出版社,1995年
[19]巩天真,张择平.建设工程监理概论[M].北京大学出版社,2005.(9):121-123
[20][日]日比宗平.寿命周期费用评价法[M].机械工业出版社,1984年
[21]周俭.城市住宅区规划原理[M].同济大学出版社,1999年
[22]建筑设计资料集[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1994年
[23]建筑地基设计规范[S](GBJ7-89).中华人民共和国国家标准,中国建筑工业出版社,1989年
[24]建筑抗震设计规范[S](GBJ11-89}.中华人民共和国国家标准,中国建筑工业出版社,1989年
[25]刘大海,杨翠如.高层结构方案优选[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1995年
[26]谢柞水.结构优化设计理论[M].国防工业出版社,1997年
[27]建筑节能技术[M].中国计划出版社,1996年
[28]杨善勤.民用建筑节能设计乎册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1998年
[29][日]中原信生.建筑和建筑设备的节能[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1990年
[30]陈进,方雅玲等.住宅建筑设计方案评价的层次分忻法[J].住宅科技,1997.10:6-8
[31]刘书贤,张引.住宅建筑设计方案的模糊综合评价[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2000.6
[32]刘海卿,苏东风.模糊评价法在住宅建筑设计方案评价中的应用[J].住宅科技,1997.12
[33]苏纬,江著.建筑设计方案模糊层次评价模型与方法[J].河南科学,2002.4
[34]杜长生.利用价值工程原理选择建筑设计方案[J].河北理工学院学报,2000.5
[35]石东,李会民,张利梅等.价值上程在设计方案优选中的应用[J].西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001.6