工程量清单在水电工程招投标中的应用
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摘要
建设工程招标投标是国际上通用的一种科学合理的承发包方式,这种方式有效地将竞争机制引入工程建设领域,通过市场引导企业改善管理水平,提高综合实力。建筑工程实行招标投标制,在我国已经过二十多年的探索,且已成为建设工程交易的主要方式。作为最早引进外资进行国际招标的水利水电工程,可以说在我国土建领域也是最早接触国际惯例的。本文主要从评标和投标两个方面进行研究和探讨,并结合工作实际,分析水电工程的特点、水电站建设项目管理方式、水电工程招标管理的特点、水电工程招标管理的步骤和方法,对工程量清单在水电站招投标过程中的实际应用进行研究。
本文在分析我国目前招标投标活动所存在问题的基础上,提出研究工程量清单计价模式下的招标投标的现实意义。本文首先立足于工程量清单招标相关概念的阐述,通过与定额计价招标进行比较,系统阐述了工程量清单招标的特点和优点,从而提出在建设工程施工中推行工程量清单招标的必要性。
评标是体现招标投标公平合理最关键的环节,而我国目前还缺乏一套能体现公正合理、科学先进、操作准确的评标办法。本文通过在阐述工程量清单招标的评标委员会的建立、评标原则以及评标程序的基础上,深入研究工程量清单招标的评标方法。针对定量综合评估法,本文首先探讨了评定因素指标的确定方法及其权重的确定原则,阐明工程量清单的合理填报和承诺对能否中标起到了至关重要的作用,评比中的总报价、单价内涵质量及主要工程项目单价的合理性、总价承包项目的报价合理性、投标书的不平衡报价等四项主要内容都与工程量清单息息相关,充分体现了公平、公正、诚实信用和科学择优的招标原则。
最后分析了综合评估法所存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的改进措施。针对合理低价评标法,本文通过在阐述合理低价评审程序和原则的基础上,深入分析在评标过程中应注意的问题以及判定企业施工项目成本价的方法。另外还分析了合理低价评标法所存在的问题以及应对的措施和对策。本文通过在阐述水利工程合同管理模式现状和存在问题,进一步分析《水电建设工程工程量清单计价规范》,充分结合实际工作,较完整的说明工程量清单在水电建设工程中的应用,体现出我国水利工程合同管理模式中工程量清单的现状和分析完善的现实意义。
Tender of construction works is a scientific and reasonable way of contraction, which introduced effectively mechanism of competition into the field of engineering construction, and guided architecture enterprise to improve management standards and exalt synthesize actual strength. It has been more than 20 years since tender was applied in construction works in our country, and had become the main way of transaction in construction works . As hydropower project that introduces the foreign capital to carry on the international tender earliest in china, we also can say it contacts the international convention earliest in the construction domain of our country. This article mostly research and discuss two aspects—the evaluation of tender and bid, and integrate the practice of work, analysis the characteristics of hydropower project、the construction management manners of hydropower project and the characteristics、steps、means of hydropower project's tender management , and research the practical application of the project quantity list in the course of hydropower project's tendering.
This paper primarily researched the evaluation of bid and the quotation of tender, paper put forward the practical significance of research on the tender under the pattern of pricing through Bill of Quantities. This article stated the related concepts on the bid of Bill of Quantiies and contrast with the bidding of valuation of quota, and systematic stated the characteristics and advantages, and further brought out the necessity of the bid of Bill of Quantities in construction work.
Evaluation of bid is the most key link that can embody fairness and reasonableness in tender, but our country still lacks a set of fair and reasonable, scientific and advanced, operational and accurate method of evaluation of bid. This paper researched evaluation of bid of Bill of Quantities on the base of statement on the formation of committee, principle and procedure in evaluation of bid. About the quantitative and synthetic method of evaluation, this article researched methods and principles to define the target and weight of evaluate factors. The illumination of the reasonable report of the project quantity list and promise are very important to the acceptance of bid, four mostly contents which include the connotation and quality of total quoted price and unite price、the rationality of mostly project item's unite price and total price contract project's quoted price、the imbalanced quoted price of tender book are relate closely with the project quantity list, it incarnates tender tenets which are justiced、disinterested、honest、credited and choose excellent by scientific way adequately. Moreover, this paper analyzed existing problems and put forward measures that should be taken. About the method to evaluate bids with reasonable low price, this article analyzed thoroughly the methods and problems to judge the cost of construction of project in the procedure of evaluation on the base of statement on the procedure and principle of evaluation. In addition, this article also analysis the problems of the reasonable low-price evaluation of tender and gives the measures and countermeasures to solve them.
This article analysis《The price count standard of hydropower project quantity list》more by expounding the actuality and problems in the contract management mode of hydropower project, integrate the practice of work adequately, it illuminate integrated about the application of project quantity list in the hydropower project, it also incarnates the actuality project quantity list used in the contract management mode of hydropower project and the realistic meaning of analysis、perfect thoroughly.
本文在分析我国目前招标投标活动所存在问题的基础上,提出研究工程量清单计价模式下的招标投标的现实意义。本文首先立足于工程量清单招标相关概念的阐述,通过与定额计价招标进行比较,系统阐述了工程量清单招标的特点和优点,从而提出在建设工程施工中推行工程量清单招标的必要性。
评标是体现招标投标公平合理最关键的环节,而我国目前还缺乏一套能体现公正合理、科学先进、操作准确的评标办法。本文通过在阐述工程量清单招标的评标委员会的建立、评标原则以及评标程序的基础上,深入研究工程量清单招标的评标方法。针对定量综合评估法,本文首先探讨了评定因素指标的确定方法及其权重的确定原则,阐明工程量清单的合理填报和承诺对能否中标起到了至关重要的作用,评比中的总报价、单价内涵质量及主要工程项目单价的合理性、总价承包项目的报价合理性、投标书的不平衡报价等四项主要内容都与工程量清单息息相关,充分体现了公平、公正、诚实信用和科学择优的招标原则。
最后分析了综合评估法所存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的改进措施。针对合理低价评标法,本文通过在阐述合理低价评审程序和原则的基础上,深入分析在评标过程中应注意的问题以及判定企业施工项目成本价的方法。另外还分析了合理低价评标法所存在的问题以及应对的措施和对策。本文通过在阐述水利工程合同管理模式现状和存在问题,进一步分析《水电建设工程工程量清单计价规范》,充分结合实际工作,较完整的说明工程量清单在水电建设工程中的应用,体现出我国水利工程合同管理模式中工程量清单的现状和分析完善的现实意义。
Tender of construction works is a scientific and reasonable way of contraction, which introduced effectively mechanism of competition into the field of engineering construction, and guided architecture enterprise to improve management standards and exalt synthesize actual strength. It has been more than 20 years since tender was applied in construction works in our country, and had become the main way of transaction in construction works . As hydropower project that introduces the foreign capital to carry on the international tender earliest in china, we also can say it contacts the international convention earliest in the construction domain of our country. This article mostly research and discuss two aspects—the evaluation of tender and bid, and integrate the practice of work, analysis the characteristics of hydropower project、the construction management manners of hydropower project and the characteristics、steps、means of hydropower project's tender management , and research the practical application of the project quantity list in the course of hydropower project's tendering.
This paper primarily researched the evaluation of bid and the quotation of tender, paper put forward the practical significance of research on the tender under the pattern of pricing through Bill of Quantities. This article stated the related concepts on the bid of Bill of Quantiies and contrast with the bidding of valuation of quota, and systematic stated the characteristics and advantages, and further brought out the necessity of the bid of Bill of Quantities in construction work.
Evaluation of bid is the most key link that can embody fairness and reasonableness in tender, but our country still lacks a set of fair and reasonable, scientific and advanced, operational and accurate method of evaluation of bid. This paper researched evaluation of bid of Bill of Quantities on the base of statement on the formation of committee, principle and procedure in evaluation of bid. About the quantitative and synthetic method of evaluation, this article researched methods and principles to define the target and weight of evaluate factors. The illumination of the reasonable report of the project quantity list and promise are very important to the acceptance of bid, four mostly contents which include the connotation and quality of total quoted price and unite price、the rationality of mostly project item's unite price and total price contract project's quoted price、the imbalanced quoted price of tender book are relate closely with the project quantity list, it incarnates tender tenets which are justiced、disinterested、honest、credited and choose excellent by scientific way adequately. Moreover, this paper analyzed existing problems and put forward measures that should be taken. About the method to evaluate bids with reasonable low price, this article analyzed thoroughly the methods and problems to judge the cost of construction of project in the procedure of evaluation on the base of statement on the procedure and principle of evaluation. In addition, this article also analysis the problems of the reasonable low-price evaluation of tender and gives the measures and countermeasures to solve them.
This article analysis《The price count standard of hydropower project quantity list》more by expounding the actuality and problems in the contract management mode of hydropower project, integrate the practice of work adequately, it illuminate integrated about the application of project quantity list in the hydropower project, it also incarnates the actuality project quantity list used in the contract management mode of hydropower project and the realistic meaning of analysis、perfect thoroughly.
引文
1 廖小建,杜晓玲主编,建设工程工程量清单计价快速编制技巧与实例.中国建筑工业出版社,2005
2 国际咨询工程师联合会(FIDIC)编,土木工程施工合同条件应用指南.航空工业版社,1992年.3-23
3 水电建设定额站,中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004.2-4
4 孙俊玲,工程量清单计价模式下的招投标研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2005.5-10
5 戚安邦,孙贤伟著,建设项目全过程造价管理理论与方法.天津人民出版社,2004.12-27
6 杨敬飚.五凌水电项目建设风险管理研究:[硕士论文].湖南大学,2003,8-26.
7 水利部,国家电力公司,国家工商管理局,水利水电工程施工合同和招投标文件示范文本上册.中国水利水电出版社,中国电力出版社,1999.12-18
8 李志红,水利工程合同管理模式比较研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004.8-40
10 水电水利规划设计水电建设定额站,建设工程工程量清单计价规范.中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004
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2 国际咨询工程师联合会(FIDIC)编,土木工程施工合同条件应用指南.航空工业版社,1992年.3-23
3 水电建设定额站,中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004.2-4
4 孙俊玲,工程量清单计价模式下的招投标研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2005.5-10
5 戚安邦,孙贤伟著,建设项目全过程造价管理理论与方法.天津人民出版社,2004.12-27
6 杨敬飚.五凌水电项目建设风险管理研究:[硕士论文].湖南大学,2003,8-26.
7 水利部,国家电力公司,国家工商管理局,水利水电工程施工合同和招投标文件示范文本上册.中国水利水电出版社,中国电力出版社,1999.12-18
8 李志红,水利工程合同管理模式比较研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004.8-40
10 水电水利规划设计水电建设定额站,建设工程工程量清单计价规范.中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004
[1]国际咨询工程师联合会(FIDIC)编,土木工程施工合同条件应用指南.航空工业版社,1992年
[2]廖小建,杜晓玲主编,建设工程工程量清单计价快速编制技巧与实例.中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[3]刘宝生主编,建筑工程概预算与造价控制.中国建材工业出版社,2004
[4]水电建设定额站,中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004
[5]汪波主编,国际工程市场学.中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[6]蒋兆祖,刘国冬主编,国际工程咨询.中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[7]水利部,国家电力公司,国家工商管理局,水利水电工程施工合同和招投标文件示范文本上册.中国水利水电出版社,中国电力出版社,1999.
[8]水利部,国家电力公司,国家工商管理局,水利水电工程施工合同和招投标文件示范文本下册.中国水利水电出版社,中国电力出版社,1999
[9]王文新,董建军,王刚,陈彦生主编,水利水电工程招标投标运作指南.中国水利水电出版社,2004
[10]水电水利规划设计水电建设定额站,建设工程工程量清单计价规范.中国水电顾问集团公司文件资料,2004
[11]戚安邦,孙贤伟著,建设项目全过程造价管理理论与方法.天津人民出版社,2004
[12]孙俊玲,工程量清单计价模式下的招投标研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2005
[13]陈永兵,构皮滩水电站工程招标及合同管理综述,贵州水力发电,2004
[14]杨敬飚,五凌水电项目建设风险管理研究:[硕士论文].湖南大学,2003,8-25.
[15]王少昆,螺丝湾水电站工程招标与合同管理中若干问题认识,云南水力发电,1999
[16]武献军,张弘,王少昆,谈“最低价中标”在工程招投标中的应用,能源技术与管理,2005
[17]李汉银,天生桥一级水电站C3标合同管理,贵州水力发电,1999
[18]李志红,水利工程合同管理模式比较研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[19]武占林、马建田,工程量清单计价模式下的投标策略与报价技巧,石油规划设计,2005
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