汉韩量词及其对比研究
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摘要
汉语和韩语都具有丰富的量词。汉语量词是个出现比较早的词类,随着社会交际的发展,量词的数量、构成、用法日臻完备,成为现代汉语词汇中极具特色的一类词。
韩语的量词分为固有量词和汉字量词。汉字量词的用法和古代汉语量词的用法相同。虽然韩语量词存在两种量词,但是汉字量词在韩语内使用频率度很高。即使是固有量词和汉字量词在一个事物中并肩使用,其使用汉字量词占绝对优势。
韩语中大量使用汉字量词,这是本文研究汉韩两词对比研究的纽带、桥梁,也是对比的重点。
本文首先论述了汉语、韩语的量词的定义、特征及分类,然后详细对汉韩量词在语义、用法上进行对比研究,并得出汉韩量词的相同点、不同点和相似点。
量词是汉语的特点之一,也是外国人学习汉语的难点之一。量词是外国人学习汉语时出现偏误最多的词类,是对外汉语教学的难点。本文对量词进行分析、研究,找出汉韩量词的相同点、不同点和相似点,希望能为汉语教师和汉语学习者提供一些理论基础和帮助。
Chinese language and Korean language both have plenty of measure word. Chinese measure word relatively early has been included in the part of speech grammatically. Its quantity, composition, usage and etc. were completed with development of society and measure word became the most characteristic part of speech in modern Chinese language.
Korean measure word is made a distinction between Native measure word and Chinese character measure word. Chinese character measure word have the same usage of the Ancient Chinese measure word. Though, Korean measure word only have two types, Chinese character measure word have a high frequency in use of it. In other words, if the two measure words applied to the same thing, it would be absolutely superior in frequency of uses.
The forthcoming chapter will compare Chinese character measure word, which is in general use in Korean language. First, this study aims at researching in detail the definition, characteristic and classification in Chinese measure word as well as in Korean measure word. Also, compares in common and a point of difference.
Measure word is one of the characteristic in Chinese language and all foreign learners have difficulty in this part. Students who have studied in Chinese language have many errors in this grammatical factor. Also, it is the most difficult part to teach Chinese. This study look forward to helping both Chinese teacher and student solve the problems by analyzing in common and a point of difference in Chinese measure word as well as in Korean measure word.
韩语的量词分为固有量词和汉字量词。汉字量词的用法和古代汉语量词的用法相同。虽然韩语量词存在两种量词,但是汉字量词在韩语内使用频率度很高。即使是固有量词和汉字量词在一个事物中并肩使用,其使用汉字量词占绝对优势。
韩语中大量使用汉字量词,这是本文研究汉韩两词对比研究的纽带、桥梁,也是对比的重点。
本文首先论述了汉语、韩语的量词的定义、特征及分类,然后详细对汉韩量词在语义、用法上进行对比研究,并得出汉韩量词的相同点、不同点和相似点。
量词是汉语的特点之一,也是外国人学习汉语的难点之一。量词是外国人学习汉语时出现偏误最多的词类,是对外汉语教学的难点。本文对量词进行分析、研究,找出汉韩量词的相同点、不同点和相似点,希望能为汉语教师和汉语学习者提供一些理论基础和帮助。
Chinese language and Korean language both have plenty of measure word. Chinese measure word relatively early has been included in the part of speech grammatically. Its quantity, composition, usage and etc. were completed with development of society and measure word became the most characteristic part of speech in modern Chinese language.
Korean measure word is made a distinction between Native measure word and Chinese character measure word. Chinese character measure word have the same usage of the Ancient Chinese measure word. Though, Korean measure word only have two types, Chinese character measure word have a high frequency in use of it. In other words, if the two measure words applied to the same thing, it would be absolutely superior in frequency of uses.
The forthcoming chapter will compare Chinese character measure word, which is in general use in Korean language. First, this study aims at researching in detail the definition, characteristic and classification in Chinese measure word as well as in Korean measure word. Also, compares in common and a point of difference.
Measure word is one of the characteristic in Chinese language and all foreign learners have difficulty in this part. Students who have studied in Chinese language have many errors in this grammatical factor. Also, it is the most difficult part to teach Chinese. This study look forward to helping both Chinese teacher and student solve the problems by analyzing in common and a point of difference in Chinese measure word as well as in Korean measure word.
引文
[1]金光海(1989:106),在《固有词和汉字词对应现象》一文中对韩国语词汇构成比率进行了阐明。
[2]郑济韩(1998:203)对300个主要的韩国语量词进行了统计,其中固有量词171个,汉字词量词98个,外来量词31个。
[3]以前韩国语学界把计量事物的单位的词称作“数量单位的依存名词”、“不完全名词”、“单位语”,最近受到西欧语言学家们对英语“Classifier''翻译的影响,把这类词称为“分类辞”,金光海(1990),林洪宾(1979),蔡莞(1990)等语言学家把这类词的汉字表示法定为“分类词”。
[4]韩景熙,《中韩名量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002年
[1]韩景熙,《中韩名量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002
[5]王力,《中国现代语法》,商务印书馆,1985年
[6]周法高,《中国古代语法》.台湾国风出版社,民国六十一年三月重刊,p.328
[7]胡附,《数词和量词》,上海教育出版社,1957,p.34
[8]孔在锡,《现代中国语语法》,同和出版社,1986,p.77
[9]董长志,《实用中国语文法》,学生出版社,民国61,p.14-5
[10]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.13
[11]金博,《现代汉语的量词研究》,延世大学,1997,p.59
[12]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.15
[13]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.49
[14]赵元任,《中国话的文法》,中文大学出版社,1982,p.301
[15]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.17
[16]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.49
[17]刘月华外二人,《实用现代汉语语法》,外语教育与研究出版社,1982,p.84
[18]李根孝,《现代中国语语法》,中文出版社,1997,.131
[19]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.50
[20]金和贞,《现代中国语的量词研究》,圆光大学,2002,p.52
[1]陈保存等,《汉语量词词典》,福建人民出版社,1988
[2]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987
[3]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词用法词典》,语文出版社,2002
[4]吕叔湘,《现代汉语八百词》,商务印书馆,2004
[5]吕叔湘,《中国文法要略》,商务印书馆,1982
[6]高名凯,《汉语语法论》,商务印书馆,1986
[7]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务出版社,2003
[8]黎锦熙,《新著国语语文法》,商务印书馆,1992
[9]马庆株,项开喜,《二十世纪的中国现代语法学》,北京大学出版社,1998
[10]马建中,《马氏文通》,商务印书馆,1983
[11]王力,《中国现代语法》,商务印书馆,1985《中国语法理论》,山东教育出版社,1984《汉语史稿》,中华书局,1980《汉语语法史》,山东教育出版社,1985
[12]陈望道,《陈望道语文论集》,上海教育出版社,1980
[13]赵元任,《汉语口语语法》,商务印书馆,1979
[14]赵元任,《语言学论文集》,商务印书馆,2002
[15]宋玉柱,《现代汉语语法基本知识》,语文出版社,1992
[16]张万起,《试论现代汉语复合量词》,语文出版社,1992
[17]胡明扬,《词类问题考察》,北京语言文化大学出版社,1996
[18]张志公,《现代汉语》,人民教育出版社,1982
[19]黄伯荣、廖序东,《现代汉语》,高等教育出版社,1997
[20]房玉清,《实用汉语语法》,北京语言学院出版社,1992
[21]邢福义,《汉语语法学》,东北师范大学出版社,1997
[22]刘月华,《实用现代汉语语法》,外语教学与研究出版社,1983
[23]崔健,《与数量词相关的几组韩、朝句法格式的对比》,汉语学习,.1985
[24]柳惠,《浅谈汉语量词的形象色彩特征》,伊犁师范学院学报(社),1998
[25]韩景熙,《汉韩名词量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002
[26]刘丹青,《汉语量词的宏观分析》,1998
[27]王冬梅,《现代汉语量词研究综述》,扬州大学学报(人社),1997
[28]郑平,《量词的特性浅析》,济宁师范专科学校学报.2002
[29]蒋宗霞,《现代汉语量词的分类及其发展趋势》,广西民族学院学报2002
[30]程娟,《量词的模糊特点论要》,中国语文,1987
[31]郭先珍,王玲玲,《量词的模糊性》,汉语学习,1994
[32]杨伯峻,何乐士《古代汉语语法及其发展》,语文研究,1992
[33]但冰洁.《浅谈汉语量词与英语相对应的表达方式》,贵州师范大学学报,1998
[34]王素梅,《从汉语量词的形象性谈量词的用法及教学语言与翻译》,1996
[35]侯小林,《浅谈汉语量词的性质》,西江大学学报,1999
[36]关湘,《浅析汉语量词的特点及其运用》,语文教学与研究,1998
[37]丁安仪,《汉语量词的语用功能探讨》,修辞学习,2001
[38]梁关,《浅谈量词的修辞功能》,汉语学习,1992
[39]康家珑,《量词的借用艺术》,语言教学与研究,1993
[40]丁声树,《现代汉语语法讲话》,商务印书馆,1961
[41]葛本仪,《实用中国语言学词典》,青岛出版社,1992
[42]孔在锡,《现代中国语语法》,同和出版社,1986
[43]崔奉春,《朝汉语语汇对比》,延边大学出版社,1989
[44]范晓,《汉语的单语》,商务印书馆,1991
[45]符淮青,《现代汉语词汇》,北京大学出版社,1985
[46]郭绍虞,《汉语语法修辞新探》,商务印书馆,1979
[47]丽福波,《对外汉语实用语法》,北京语言学院出版社,1996
[48]王希杰,《数词·量词·代词》,人民教育出版社,1990
[49]葛本仪,《实用中国语言学词典》,青岛出版社,1992
[50]梵晓龙,《现代汉语实用词典》,南方出版社,2002
[51]董长志,《实用中国语文法》,学生出版社
[52]胡附,《数词和量词》,上海教育出版社,1957
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[35]金光海,《固有词和汉字词对应现象》1989
[36]任洪彬,《國分類詞(?)辨別基準(?)>,199
[2]郑济韩(1998:203)对300个主要的韩国语量词进行了统计,其中固有量词171个,汉字词量词98个,外来量词31个。
[3]以前韩国语学界把计量事物的单位的词称作“数量单位的依存名词”、“不完全名词”、“单位语”,最近受到西欧语言学家们对英语“Classifier''翻译的影响,把这类词称为“分类辞”,金光海(1990),林洪宾(1979),蔡莞(1990)等语言学家把这类词的汉字表示法定为“分类词”。
[4]韩景熙,《中韩名量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002年
[1]韩景熙,《中韩名量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002
[5]王力,《中国现代语法》,商务印书馆,1985年
[6]周法高,《中国古代语法》.台湾国风出版社,民国六十一年三月重刊,p.328
[7]胡附,《数词和量词》,上海教育出版社,1957,p.34
[8]孔在锡,《现代中国语语法》,同和出版社,1986,p.77
[9]董长志,《实用中国语文法》,学生出版社,民国61,p.14-5
[10]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.13
[11]金博,《现代汉语的量词研究》,延世大学,1997,p.59
[12]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.15
[13]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.49
[14]赵元任,《中国话的文法》,中文大学出版社,1982,p.301
[15]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987,p.17
[16]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.49
[17]刘月华外二人,《实用现代汉语语法》,外语教育与研究出版社,1982,p.84
[18]李根孝,《现代中国语语法》,中文出版社,1997,.131
[19]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务印书出版社,1982,p.50
[20]金和贞,《现代中国语的量词研究》,圆光大学,2002,p.52
[1]陈保存等,《汉语量词词典》,福建人民出版社,1988
[2]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词手册》,中国和平出版社,1987
[3]郭先珍,《现代汉语量词用法词典》,语文出版社,2002
[4]吕叔湘,《现代汉语八百词》,商务印书馆,2004
[5]吕叔湘,《中国文法要略》,商务印书馆,1982
[6]高名凯,《汉语语法论》,商务印书馆,1986
[7]朱德熙,《语法讲义》,商务出版社,2003
[8]黎锦熙,《新著国语语文法》,商务印书馆,1992
[9]马庆株,项开喜,《二十世纪的中国现代语法学》,北京大学出版社,1998
[10]马建中,《马氏文通》,商务印书馆,1983
[11]王力,《中国现代语法》,商务印书馆,1985《中国语法理论》,山东教育出版社,1984《汉语史稿》,中华书局,1980《汉语语法史》,山东教育出版社,1985
[12]陈望道,《陈望道语文论集》,上海教育出版社,1980
[13]赵元任,《汉语口语语法》,商务印书馆,1979
[14]赵元任,《语言学论文集》,商务印书馆,2002
[15]宋玉柱,《现代汉语语法基本知识》,语文出版社,1992
[16]张万起,《试论现代汉语复合量词》,语文出版社,1992
[17]胡明扬,《词类问题考察》,北京语言文化大学出版社,1996
[18]张志公,《现代汉语》,人民教育出版社,1982
[19]黄伯荣、廖序东,《现代汉语》,高等教育出版社,1997
[20]房玉清,《实用汉语语法》,北京语言学院出版社,1992
[21]邢福义,《汉语语法学》,东北师范大学出版社,1997
[22]刘月华,《实用现代汉语语法》,外语教学与研究出版社,1983
[23]崔健,《与数量词相关的几组韩、朝句法格式的对比》,汉语学习,.1985
[24]柳惠,《浅谈汉语量词的形象色彩特征》,伊犁师范学院学报(社),1998
[25]韩景熙,《汉韩名词量词对比研究》,济南大学学报,2002
[26]刘丹青,《汉语量词的宏观分析》,1998
[27]王冬梅,《现代汉语量词研究综述》,扬州大学学报(人社),1997
[28]郑平,《量词的特性浅析》,济宁师范专科学校学报.2002
[29]蒋宗霞,《现代汉语量词的分类及其发展趋势》,广西民族学院学报2002
[30]程娟,《量词的模糊特点论要》,中国语文,1987
[31]郭先珍,王玲玲,《量词的模糊性》,汉语学习,1994
[32]杨伯峻,何乐士《古代汉语语法及其发展》,语文研究,1992
[33]但冰洁.《浅谈汉语量词与英语相对应的表达方式》,贵州师范大学学报,1998
[34]王素梅,《从汉语量词的形象性谈量词的用法及教学语言与翻译》,1996
[35]侯小林,《浅谈汉语量词的性质》,西江大学学报,1999
[36]关湘,《浅析汉语量词的特点及其运用》,语文教学与研究,1998
[37]丁安仪,《汉语量词的语用功能探讨》,修辞学习,2001
[38]梁关,《浅谈量词的修辞功能》,汉语学习,1992
[39]康家珑,《量词的借用艺术》,语言教学与研究,1993
[40]丁声树,《现代汉语语法讲话》,商务印书馆,1961
[41]葛本仪,《实用中国语言学词典》,青岛出版社,1992
[42]孔在锡,《现代中国语语法》,同和出版社,1986
[43]崔奉春,《朝汉语语汇对比》,延边大学出版社,1989
[44]范晓,《汉语的单语》,商务印书馆,1991
[45]符淮青,《现代汉语词汇》,北京大学出版社,1985
[46]郭绍虞,《汉语语法修辞新探》,商务印书馆,1979
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