可变滚筒轴距反力式制动检验台的研究
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摘要
汽车的制动性能是保障汽车安全运行、取得预期运行效益的最基本使用性能。为保障汽车安全运行,国家颁布了GB7258-2004《机动车安全运行技术条件》标准。强制性规定在用机动车每年要定期检测车辆的制动性。
目前,反力式滚筒制动检验台以其测试工况稳定、测试重复性好被我国大多数汽车性能检测机构所采用。但是,由于被检车辆车型繁多,而试验台的滚筒中心距固定,致使不同直径的车轮与滚筒之间所形成的安置角差别较大,导致试验台对每台车的最大测试能力不完全相同。如果按国家统一标准规定的“制动力与轴荷比”对制动性能进行评价,缺乏合理性。
为解决上述问题,本文拟研究开发可变滚筒轴距反力式制动检验台,使各种车型以相同安置角进行制动力检测,以保证数据的真实性和有效性。为此本文将从车轮在制动台上检测时的动力学分析入手,找出不同状态下安置角变化对测试结果影响的变化趋势;基于Matlab/simulink环境,建立车轮在制动台上检测的动力学模型,并通过仿真试验找出合理的安置角范围;提出在原有制动试验台基础上实现变滚筒轴距的设想,并对机械结构部分和液压系统进行设计;完成相关软、硬件部分的开发。
本文中研究的可变滚筒轴距反力式制动检验台,能够解决目前在检测车轮制动力时由于车轮安置角的不同,造成的制动检验台对各种车型的最大测试能力不同的问题,为检测结果的公平评价奠定了基础,具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the amount of vehicle increases incessantly. The traffic situation is becoming increasingly complex. Traffic safety has become a major social issue. Braking of the car is the most basic performance to protect the safe operation of motor vehicles and achieve the desired operational effectiveness. Car with good braking performance can be seizing the opportunity to avoid traffic accidents, in contrast, with poor braking performance, it is likely to cause a fatal car crash. For its special significance to the safety driving, braking performance is the most important aspect of vehicle performance testing, traffic management departments take it as a mandatory periodic one all over the world. At present, more than 80 percent of China's automobile performance detection stations use of anti-force-roller testing platform when testing braking performance. It has excellent performance, stable result of test, better test repeatability, convenience detection method and can work well with small space.
But many problems were remain found in the inspection of this testing platform. For example, the testing car will be frequently qualified in the vehicle testing station A, but failed in B. In addition, there are also subjects of the vehicle braking normal, and the test results of stations has failed. Result of these phenomenon was mainly due to the detection equipment testing parameters caused by the inconsistency. As a matter of fact, whether can an accurate test data be drawn depends on the people, vehicles and equipment, three subjective or objective factors. Regardless of some subjective factors, people and vehicle, equipment functions as key causes. Since the productions which equipment maker produce have different roller diameter, test-center distance and rear roller higher than front one, result in different placement angle between wheel and roller, thus detection platform have different testing ability towards different car. Similarly, different models in the same brake test platform testing, as different diameter wheel; tire placement will be different angle, so different detection ability also. However, our country's standard of braking force detection is a unified, and this will directly affect the horizontal comparison of test data and test results’judge is impartiality.
The purpose of this paper is to develop an anti-force variable-distance roller braking testing platform, finding reasonable placement angle to meet various types of automobile testing with similar detection ability. The study of this paper mainly includes the following:
1. To introduce the structure of the current widespread use of anti-force roller testing platform and its working principle. Through analyzing the process of wheel braking on platform, identifying the trend of platform’s testing ability by the influence of placement angle changing in a stable state and non-steady-state. In accordance with the detection of actual data which got from automotive performance testing station, analyzing detection ability in both states, drawn the conclusion that the detection ability in steady state is stronger than in non-steady state.
2. Based on the dynamics analyzing of wheel on the platform, established dynamics model of braking procession in the environment of matlab/simulink. Contrasting the result of simulation with real experiment, the error is less than 5%, we could confirmed simulation model is closer to the actual truth of the working conditions. Utilizing simulation model test Jetta, Pajero, liberation automobile under placement angle from 25 to 35, showing that platform has similar testing ability for three types automobile when placement angle near 32 to 34. its test result can cover the largest adhesion force car on the road.
3. Based on the result of Theoretical and experimental analysis, reconstruct the anti-force brake testing platform, designed changeable roller machine and transmission cable machine. Hydraulic servo control system has been designed and adopted the "master-slave" type of tracking and PID control method and to determine the parameters of the main components.
4. After reconstruction, the equipment in accordance with the original control system has been added. Stated control theory of the changeable distance roller machine, selected AD card and sensor. Developed control system interface and designed the control system chart.
For a long time in future, brake testing of automobile will mainly use anti-force roller braking testing platform. The development of new testing platform in this paper solves the problem of different car with different placement angle. Material condition is provided for the test results of horizontal fair comparison and evaluation, having a certain economic and social benefits.
目前,反力式滚筒制动检验台以其测试工况稳定、测试重复性好被我国大多数汽车性能检测机构所采用。但是,由于被检车辆车型繁多,而试验台的滚筒中心距固定,致使不同直径的车轮与滚筒之间所形成的安置角差别较大,导致试验台对每台车的最大测试能力不完全相同。如果按国家统一标准规定的“制动力与轴荷比”对制动性能进行评价,缺乏合理性。
为解决上述问题,本文拟研究开发可变滚筒轴距反力式制动检验台,使各种车型以相同安置角进行制动力检测,以保证数据的真实性和有效性。为此本文将从车轮在制动台上检测时的动力学分析入手,找出不同状态下安置角变化对测试结果影响的变化趋势;基于Matlab/simulink环境,建立车轮在制动台上检测的动力学模型,并通过仿真试验找出合理的安置角范围;提出在原有制动试验台基础上实现变滚筒轴距的设想,并对机械结构部分和液压系统进行设计;完成相关软、硬件部分的开发。
本文中研究的可变滚筒轴距反力式制动检验台,能够解决目前在检测车轮制动力时由于车轮安置角的不同,造成的制动检验台对各种车型的最大测试能力不同的问题,为检测结果的公平评价奠定了基础,具有一定的经济效益和社会效益。
With the rapid development of China's national economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the amount of vehicle increases incessantly. The traffic situation is becoming increasingly complex. Traffic safety has become a major social issue. Braking of the car is the most basic performance to protect the safe operation of motor vehicles and achieve the desired operational effectiveness. Car with good braking performance can be seizing the opportunity to avoid traffic accidents, in contrast, with poor braking performance, it is likely to cause a fatal car crash. For its special significance to the safety driving, braking performance is the most important aspect of vehicle performance testing, traffic management departments take it as a mandatory periodic one all over the world. At present, more than 80 percent of China's automobile performance detection stations use of anti-force-roller testing platform when testing braking performance. It has excellent performance, stable result of test, better test repeatability, convenience detection method and can work well with small space.
But many problems were remain found in the inspection of this testing platform. For example, the testing car will be frequently qualified in the vehicle testing station A, but failed in B. In addition, there are also subjects of the vehicle braking normal, and the test results of stations has failed. Result of these phenomenon was mainly due to the detection equipment testing parameters caused by the inconsistency. As a matter of fact, whether can an accurate test data be drawn depends on the people, vehicles and equipment, three subjective or objective factors. Regardless of some subjective factors, people and vehicle, equipment functions as key causes. Since the productions which equipment maker produce have different roller diameter, test-center distance and rear roller higher than front one, result in different placement angle between wheel and roller, thus detection platform have different testing ability towards different car. Similarly, different models in the same brake test platform testing, as different diameter wheel; tire placement will be different angle, so different detection ability also. However, our country's standard of braking force detection is a unified, and this will directly affect the horizontal comparison of test data and test results’judge is impartiality.
The purpose of this paper is to develop an anti-force variable-distance roller braking testing platform, finding reasonable placement angle to meet various types of automobile testing with similar detection ability. The study of this paper mainly includes the following:
1. To introduce the structure of the current widespread use of anti-force roller testing platform and its working principle. Through analyzing the process of wheel braking on platform, identifying the trend of platform’s testing ability by the influence of placement angle changing in a stable state and non-steady-state. In accordance with the detection of actual data which got from automotive performance testing station, analyzing detection ability in both states, drawn the conclusion that the detection ability in steady state is stronger than in non-steady state.
2. Based on the dynamics analyzing of wheel on the platform, established dynamics model of braking procession in the environment of matlab/simulink. Contrasting the result of simulation with real experiment, the error is less than 5%, we could confirmed simulation model is closer to the actual truth of the working conditions. Utilizing simulation model test Jetta, Pajero, liberation automobile under placement angle from 25 to 35, showing that platform has similar testing ability for three types automobile when placement angle near 32 to 34. its test result can cover the largest adhesion force car on the road.
3. Based on the result of Theoretical and experimental analysis, reconstruct the anti-force brake testing platform, designed changeable roller machine and transmission cable machine. Hydraulic servo control system has been designed and adopted the "master-slave" type of tracking and PID control method and to determine the parameters of the main components.
4. After reconstruction, the equipment in accordance with the original control system has been added. Stated control theory of the changeable distance roller machine, selected AD card and sensor. Developed control system interface and designed the control system chart.
For a long time in future, brake testing of automobile will mainly use anti-force roller braking testing platform. The development of new testing platform in this paper solves the problem of different car with different placement angle. Material condition is provided for the test results of horizontal fair comparison and evaluation, having a certain economic and social benefits.
引文
[1]陈焕江.汽车运用基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:125-127.
[2]余志生.汽车理论 [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:71-72.
[3]方锡邦.汽车检测技术与设备[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:60-76.
[4]明平顺,杨万福.现代汽车检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:142-143.
[5]张金柱.汽车制动试验台关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学机械学院,2004:21.
[6]赵福堂.现代汽车检测诊断与维修[M].北京:北京理工大学出版,2004:148-153.
[7]蔡健.关于反力式滚筒制动试验台检测制动力的探讨[J].计量检测与监测,2004,1:52-53.
[8]黄孝慈.影响制动性能检测关键因素的分析研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学交通学院,2006:2-4.
[9]周德光,陶素莲.滚筒制动试验台和平板制动试验台的受力模型建立及其分析[J].机械设计与制造.2005.1:50-52.
[10]白旭明.反力式滚筒制动试验台检测制动力的分析[J].建筑机械,1998,1:23-25.
[11]高红红等.汽车制动性能检测系统的设计与分析[J].西安工业大学学报:26 卷.2006,5:436-438.
[12]王欢.90 年代汽车试验台发展评述[J].汽车与安全,1999,2:22-23.
[13]SHAFFER S J,CHRISTIAEN A C.Performance-Based Brake Testers Round Robin Final Report[R]. Battelle Memorial Institute 505 King Avenue.Columbus,2000.
[14]茅庆潭.几种汽车制动力检测设备的优缺点分析[J].交通标准化,1999,4:6-7.
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[18]杨霄峰.货车制动性能台架检测加载系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学交通学院,2007:1-7.
[19]房法成,徐建勋.国外汽车维修和检测技术发展概况研究[J].汽车检测动态信息,2006,6:19-23.
[20]GB7258-2004.机动车安全运行条件[S].
[21]李功清.正确认识汽车制动系统检测. www.0755car.com/n/csh/shenghuo/yanghu/06-07-28/37739.html.2006.
[22]许基.滚筒反力式汽车制动检验台在实际使用中存在的问题[J].汽车动态检测信息,2006,6:26-29.
[23]陈焕江.汽车检测与诊断[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001,6:137-141.
[24]仇雅丽.汽车检测诊断技术与设备[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:132-135.
[25]高延龄,许洪国.汽车运用工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004,2:92-95.
[26]夏均忠,王太勇.汽车制动试验台测试性能分析与应用[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(12):13-16.
[27]夏先扬.欧洲及日本制动试验台设计结构分析[J].中国汽车安全检测技术研究会论文,1990.
[28]王维,刘建农.汽车制动性检测[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:155.
[29]高延龄.汽车运用工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:96-97.
[30]郑阿奇.MATLAB 实用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[31]陈晓平.MATLAB 及其在电路与控制理论中的应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2004
[32]刘颖慧.MATLAB R2006a 基础教程[D].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[33]赵敏.机动车安全性能测控系统关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学仪器科学与技术,2002:19-20.
[34]中国农业机械化科学研究院.实用机械设计手册[D].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1989:285-300.
[35]许福龄,陈尧明.液压与气压传动[D].北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-5.
[36]张英禅.液压同步控制回路简析及应用[J].重型机械科技,2006,12:42-45.
[37]冯华.液压同步的实现与应用[J].基础及前沿研究,2006,9:296-298.
[38]龚跃明.电液数字伺服同步系统的研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学教育科学与技术学院.2007.
[39]王占林.近代电气液压伺服控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
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[2]余志生.汽车理论 [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:71-72.
[3]方锡邦.汽车检测技术与设备[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:60-76.
[4]明平顺,杨万福.现代汽车检测技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:142-143.
[5]张金柱.汽车制动试验台关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学机械学院,2004:21.
[6]赵福堂.现代汽车检测诊断与维修[M].北京:北京理工大学出版,2004:148-153.
[7]蔡健.关于反力式滚筒制动试验台检测制动力的探讨[J].计量检测与监测,2004,1:52-53.
[8]黄孝慈.影响制动性能检测关键因素的分析研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学交通学院,2006:2-4.
[9]周德光,陶素莲.滚筒制动试验台和平板制动试验台的受力模型建立及其分析[J].机械设计与制造.2005.1:50-52.
[10]白旭明.反力式滚筒制动试验台检测制动力的分析[J].建筑机械,1998,1:23-25.
[11]高红红等.汽车制动性能检测系统的设计与分析[J].西安工业大学学报:26 卷.2006,5:436-438.
[12]王欢.90 年代汽车试验台发展评述[J].汽车与安全,1999,2:22-23.
[13]SHAFFER S J,CHRISTIAEN A C.Performance-Based Brake Testers Round Robin Final Report[R]. Battelle Memorial Institute 505 King Avenue.Columbus,2000.
[14]茅庆潭.几种汽车制动力检测设备的优缺点分析[J].交通标准化,1999,4:6-7.
[15]黄孝慈.整车制动性能检测技术的发展[J].上海工程技术大学学报,2007,1:41-45.
[16]National Highway Traffic Safety Adminstration Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.Hydraulic Brake System.Passenger Car Brake System[S].Detroit,1985:34-38.
[17]陈熔.反力式制动试验台计算机测控系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学交通学院,2000:1-6.
[18]杨霄峰.货车制动性能台架检测加载系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学交通学院,2007:1-7.
[19]房法成,徐建勋.国外汽车维修和检测技术发展概况研究[J].汽车检测动态信息,2006,6:19-23.
[20]GB7258-2004.机动车安全运行条件[S].
[21]李功清.正确认识汽车制动系统检测. www.0755car.com/n/csh/shenghuo/yanghu/06-07-28/37739.html.2006.
[22]许基.滚筒反力式汽车制动检验台在实际使用中存在的问题[J].汽车动态检测信息,2006,6:26-29.
[23]陈焕江.汽车检测与诊断[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001,6:137-141.
[24]仇雅丽.汽车检测诊断技术与设备[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:132-135.
[25]高延龄,许洪国.汽车运用工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004,2:92-95.
[26]夏均忠,王太勇.汽车制动试验台测试性能分析与应用[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(12):13-16.
[27]夏先扬.欧洲及日本制动试验台设计结构分析[J].中国汽车安全检测技术研究会论文,1990.
[28]王维,刘建农.汽车制动性检测[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:155.
[29]高延龄.汽车运用工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:96-97.
[30]郑阿奇.MATLAB 实用教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[31]陈晓平.MATLAB 及其在电路与控制理论中的应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2004
[32]刘颖慧.MATLAB R2006a 基础教程[D].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[33]赵敏.机动车安全性能测控系统关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学仪器科学与技术,2002:19-20.
[34]中国农业机械化科学研究院.实用机械设计手册[D].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1989:285-300.
[35]许福龄,陈尧明.液压与气压传动[D].北京:机械工业出版社,1996:1-5.
[36]张英禅.液压同步控制回路简析及应用[J].重型机械科技,2006,12:42-45.
[37]冯华.液压同步的实现与应用[J].基础及前沿研究,2006,9:296-298.
[38]龚跃明.电液数字伺服同步系统的研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学教育科学与技术学院.2007.
[39]王占林.近代电气液压伺服控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
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