混凝土预制块路面力学行为及结构设计方法研究
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摘要
混凝土预制块路面是由单个小尺寸（平面尺寸通常在30×30cm以下）预制块体铺筑在砂垫层上形成的一种特殊路面结构，可采用人工或小型机械辅助施工，其施工灵活且受天气影响小，对环境污染少。预制块路面是一种可以拆卸的“活路面”，块体可以重复利用，且便于就地取材，工程成本及环境压力小。因此，预制块路面是一种既经济又环保的路面结构型式。目前在国外高等级公路中已有应用，但在国内高等级公路中的应用还是空白。
预制块路面力学行为及破坏模式与水泥路面和沥青路面有着本质不同，以致在路面结构设计、施工工艺以及养护维修等方面存在较大差异，受适用场合及使用规模的限制，国内缺乏对这种路面结构较为系统深入地研究，目前尚无系统完善的混凝土预制块路面力学行为理论和结构设计方法，对其施工工艺、排水措施、施工质量保证措施、验收标准等也几乎处于空白，因而严重制约了混凝土预制块路面在国内的推广和应用。
论文依托云南磨（黑）至思（茅）高速公路建设，针对混凝土预制块路面力学行为、结构设计方法、路面渗水特性及结构防排水设计、路用性能评价、路面施工工艺及质量保证措施等展开系统深入研究。借助室内大型足尺环道试验场，按1:1比例铺筑不同结构组合的预制块路面，试验段考虑了水泥稳定碎石和级配碎石两种基层型式、考虑了细砂、水泥+细砂、乳化沥青砂浆三种接缝材料和2mm、5mm、8mm、10mm四种接缝宽度、考虑了2cm、4cm、6cm三种砂垫层厚度、块体尺寸为29cm×19cm×16cm（长×宽×高），通过调整铺砌方式考虑了16cm、19cm、29cm三种块体结构层厚度。
论文取得的主要成果如下：
1、通过承载板试验实测不同结构组合下的预制块路面荷载-弯沉曲线，研究了块体平面尺寸、接缝材料类型、接缝宽度、砂垫层厚度、基层类型等对预制块路面承载力的影响，试验证实了块体层“拱效应”的存在；在荷载作用下块体层表现出“变刚度”的承载力特性，最终揭示了预制块路面承载力机理；
2、提出了临界弯沉、荷载扩散系数、永久变形影响系数等预制块路面结构设计关键参数，通过承载力试验确定了水泥稳定碎石和级配碎石两种基层条件下，不同块体尺寸、砂垫层厚度和不同接缝宽度下的预制块路面临界弯沉值、荷载扩散系数取值范围、永久变形影响系数取值范围；
3、通过室内足尺环道试验测试了在不同标准轴载作用次数下预制块路面平整度和接缝宽度的变化，研究了接缝宽度、砂垫层厚度、块体厚度以及荷载作用次数对预制块路面永久变形的影响规律，建立了混凝土预制块路面永久变形预估模型；
4、通过接缝渗水试验和室内模拟降雨试验研究混凝土预制块路面接缝的渗水特性，研究了接缝材料、接缝宽度对渗水系数的影响，确定了混凝土预制块路面接缝的渗水系数取值范围，建立了预制块路面单位面积（1m2）的渗水量计算方法；
5、运用ANSYS软件建立预制块路面结构的三维有限元模型，针对级配碎石柔性基层和水泥稳定碎石半刚性基层，分析计算了块体厚度、基层厚度、路基模量等对于路表弯沉、基层顶面压应力和基层底面拉应力的影响。计算结果表明路基模量是影响预制块铺面路表弯沉值的最主要因素，块体厚度和基层厚度对于基层底面拉应力有一定影响；
6、建立了以路表车辙深度和基层底面拉应力为控制指标的基于力学的混凝土预制块路面结构设计方法，提出适用于柔性基层的预制块路面车辙深度计算方法和适用于半刚性基层的预制块路面基层底面拉应力计算方法，并给出了相应的轴载换算方法和设计指标容许值范围；
7、提出了适合于高速公路应急车道、服务区的预制块路面典型结构型式，制定了预制块路面施工工艺及质量保证措施，基于论文研究成果指导铺筑了600m混凝土预制块路面试验段，获得了成功。
论文研究成果涉及了预制块路面结构力学行为及结构设计方法、预制块路面结构组合及路用性能评价、预制块路面排水特性及排水结构层设计、预制块路面施工工艺、质量保证措施、质量验收方法以及经济性评价，为推动混凝土预制块路面的应用与发展提供了技术储备。
Precast concrete block pavement is a special pavement structure formed in a singlesmall size (flat size is usually less in30×30cm) precast block paving sand cushion, itcan be manual or small machinery auxiliary construction, the construction of flexibleand little affected by weather, less environmental pollution. Precast block pavement is adetachable "live road" blocks can be reused, and easy use of local materials, engineeringcosts and environmental pressure is small. Therefore, precast block pavement is aneconomical and environmentally friendly pavement structure type. Currently abroad hasbeen applied in highway, national highway in the application or blank.
Precast block pavement mechanical behavior and failure mode is essentiallydifferent from cement pavement or asphalt pavement,so there are quite different in thepavement structure design, construction, maintenance and repair,etc. Subject to theapplicable restrictions on the size and use of occasions, the lack of such domesticpavement structure more systematic or in-depth study, there is no perfect system ofmechanical behavior of precast concrete block pavement structural design theory andmethod. The construction techniques, drainage measures, construction quality assurancemeasures, acceptance criteria, are also nearly blank, thus severely restricted precastconcrete block pavement in the domestic promotion and application.
This paper relies Yunnan Mo (Hei) to Si (Mao) highway construction, Conducting acomprehensive in-depth study on the mechanical behavior, structural design methods,surface water seepage characteristics, structural waterproofing and drainage design,pavement performance evaluation, construction technology and quality assurancemeasures. With a enough scale ring road test site, the proportion of1:1mix differentstructural precast paving block pavement test section considers cement stabilized graveland graded gravel two kinds of grass types, considering three kinds of joint materialsuch as sand\cement+sand\emulsified asphalt mortar and2mm\5mm\8mm\10mmfour kinds of joint width, considering three kinds of sand cushion thickness such as2cm\4cm\6cm, block size is29cm×19cm×16cm (length×width×height), paving wayconsidered by adjusting16cm\19cm\29cm three kinds of block structure layerthickness.
Papers main achievements are as follows:
1\Through the bearing plate test measured a combination of different structuresprefabricated block pavement under load-deflection curves studied block plane size,type of joint material, joint width, sand cushion thickness, type, etc. On grass bearingprecast block pavement force of impact tests confirm block layer " arch effect " exists,reflected in the bulk layer loads exhibit "variable stiffness" of the bearing capacity, andultimately reveals the precast block pavement bearing capacity mechanism.
2\Presents a critical deflection, load diffusion coefficient, permanent deformationcoefficient precast block pavement structural design of key parameters, testing todetermine the carrying capacity of the water through the gravel and graded gravelstabilized two kinds of grass conditions, different block sizes, sand cushion thicknessand joint width under different precast block pavement deflection value threshold, load
diffusion coefficient in the range, the permanent deformation coefficient ranges.
3\Through the interior ring road test full-scale tests at different times understandard axle loads precast block pavement roughness and joint width changes studiedjoint width, sand cushion thickness, thickness and bulk loading times on the precastblock pavement permanent deformation of law, to establish a precast concrete blockpavement permanent deformation prediction model.
4\Seepage through seams and indoor rainfall simulation experiment Experimentalstudy of precast concrete block pavement seams seepage characteristics of the jointmaterial, joint width for seepage coefficient to determine the precast concrete blockpavement seams seepage coefficient of range of values established precast blockpavement unit area (1m2) seepage calculation method.
5\Using ANSYS software to build prefabricated block pavement structurethree-dimensional finite element model of flexible base for graded gravel and crushedstone Base water stability, analysis and calculation of the block thickness, basethickness, modulus of subgrade for road surface deflection, grass and grass top surfacecompressive stress underside pull stress. The results show that affect the subgrademodulus precast block pavement surface deflection value is the most important factor,block thickness and the thickness of the grass-roots base flexural stress have a certaininfluence.
6\The establishment of a road surface rut depth and grassroots bottom tensilestress control index based mechanics precast concrete blocks pavement design methodis proposed for flexible base precast block pavement rut depth calculation methods andapplicable to semi-rigid prefabricated block pavement bottom tensile stress calculationmethod, and gives the corresponding axle load conversion methods and designspecifications allowable range of values.
7\Proposed for highway emergency lane, service area typical precast blockpavement structure type, developed a prefabricated block road construction technologyand quality assurance measures, preparation of the "precast concrete block pavementdesign and construction technology guide", as a guidance success paved600m precastconcrete blocks pavement test section.
Thesis research involves the mechanical behavior of precast block pavementstructure and structural design methods, mix and precast block pavement roadperformance evaluation, precast block pavement drainage layer design characteristicsand drainage structures, precast block pavement construction technology, qualityassurance measures, quality acceptance economic evaluation methods, and to promotethe application of precast concrete block pavement with the development of a technicalreserves.
预制块路面力学行为及破坏模式与水泥路面和沥青路面有着本质不同，以致在路面结构设计、施工工艺以及养护维修等方面存在较大差异，受适用场合及使用规模的限制，国内缺乏对这种路面结构较为系统深入地研究，目前尚无系统完善的混凝土预制块路面力学行为理论和结构设计方法，对其施工工艺、排水措施、施工质量保证措施、验收标准等也几乎处于空白，因而严重制约了混凝土预制块路面在国内的推广和应用。
论文依托云南磨（黑）至思（茅）高速公路建设，针对混凝土预制块路面力学行为、结构设计方法、路面渗水特性及结构防排水设计、路用性能评价、路面施工工艺及质量保证措施等展开系统深入研究。借助室内大型足尺环道试验场，按1:1比例铺筑不同结构组合的预制块路面，试验段考虑了水泥稳定碎石和级配碎石两种基层型式、考虑了细砂、水泥+细砂、乳化沥青砂浆三种接缝材料和2mm、5mm、8mm、10mm四种接缝宽度、考虑了2cm、4cm、6cm三种砂垫层厚度、块体尺寸为29cm×19cm×16cm（长×宽×高），通过调整铺砌方式考虑了16cm、19cm、29cm三种块体结构层厚度。
论文取得的主要成果如下：
1、通过承载板试验实测不同结构组合下的预制块路面荷载-弯沉曲线，研究了块体平面尺寸、接缝材料类型、接缝宽度、砂垫层厚度、基层类型等对预制块路面承载力的影响，试验证实了块体层“拱效应”的存在；在荷载作用下块体层表现出“变刚度”的承载力特性，最终揭示了预制块路面承载力机理；
2、提出了临界弯沉、荷载扩散系数、永久变形影响系数等预制块路面结构设计关键参数，通过承载力试验确定了水泥稳定碎石和级配碎石两种基层条件下，不同块体尺寸、砂垫层厚度和不同接缝宽度下的预制块路面临界弯沉值、荷载扩散系数取值范围、永久变形影响系数取值范围；
3、通过室内足尺环道试验测试了在不同标准轴载作用次数下预制块路面平整度和接缝宽度的变化，研究了接缝宽度、砂垫层厚度、块体厚度以及荷载作用次数对预制块路面永久变形的影响规律，建立了混凝土预制块路面永久变形预估模型；
4、通过接缝渗水试验和室内模拟降雨试验研究混凝土预制块路面接缝的渗水特性，研究了接缝材料、接缝宽度对渗水系数的影响，确定了混凝土预制块路面接缝的渗水系数取值范围，建立了预制块路面单位面积（1m2）的渗水量计算方法；
5、运用ANSYS软件建立预制块路面结构的三维有限元模型，针对级配碎石柔性基层和水泥稳定碎石半刚性基层，分析计算了块体厚度、基层厚度、路基模量等对于路表弯沉、基层顶面压应力和基层底面拉应力的影响。计算结果表明路基模量是影响预制块铺面路表弯沉值的最主要因素，块体厚度和基层厚度对于基层底面拉应力有一定影响；
6、建立了以路表车辙深度和基层底面拉应力为控制指标的基于力学的混凝土预制块路面结构设计方法，提出适用于柔性基层的预制块路面车辙深度计算方法和适用于半刚性基层的预制块路面基层底面拉应力计算方法，并给出了相应的轴载换算方法和设计指标容许值范围；
7、提出了适合于高速公路应急车道、服务区的预制块路面典型结构型式，制定了预制块路面施工工艺及质量保证措施，基于论文研究成果指导铺筑了600m混凝土预制块路面试验段，获得了成功。
论文研究成果涉及了预制块路面结构力学行为及结构设计方法、预制块路面结构组合及路用性能评价、预制块路面排水特性及排水结构层设计、预制块路面施工工艺、质量保证措施、质量验收方法以及经济性评价，为推动混凝土预制块路面的应用与发展提供了技术储备。
Precast concrete block pavement is a special pavement structure formed in a singlesmall size (flat size is usually less in30×30cm) precast block paving sand cushion, itcan be manual or small machinery auxiliary construction, the construction of flexibleand little affected by weather, less environmental pollution. Precast block pavement is adetachable "live road" blocks can be reused, and easy use of local materials, engineeringcosts and environmental pressure is small. Therefore, precast block pavement is aneconomical and environmentally friendly pavement structure type. Currently abroad hasbeen applied in highway, national highway in the application or blank.
Precast block pavement mechanical behavior and failure mode is essentiallydifferent from cement pavement or asphalt pavement,so there are quite different in thepavement structure design, construction, maintenance and repair,etc. Subject to theapplicable restrictions on the size and use of occasions, the lack of such domesticpavement structure more systematic or in-depth study, there is no perfect system ofmechanical behavior of precast concrete block pavement structural design theory andmethod. The construction techniques, drainage measures, construction quality assurancemeasures, acceptance criteria, are also nearly blank, thus severely restricted precastconcrete block pavement in the domestic promotion and application.
This paper relies Yunnan Mo (Hei) to Si (Mao) highway construction, Conducting acomprehensive in-depth study on the mechanical behavior, structural design methods,surface water seepage characteristics, structural waterproofing and drainage design,pavement performance evaluation, construction technology and quality assurancemeasures. With a enough scale ring road test site, the proportion of1:1mix differentstructural precast paving block pavement test section considers cement stabilized graveland graded gravel two kinds of grass types, considering three kinds of joint materialsuch as sand\cement+sand\emulsified asphalt mortar and2mm\5mm\8mm\10mmfour kinds of joint width, considering three kinds of sand cushion thickness such as2cm\4cm\6cm, block size is29cm×19cm×16cm (length×width×height), paving wayconsidered by adjusting16cm\19cm\29cm three kinds of block structure layerthickness.
Papers main achievements are as follows:
1\Through the bearing plate test measured a combination of different structuresprefabricated block pavement under load-deflection curves studied block plane size,type of joint material, joint width, sand cushion thickness, type, etc. On grass bearingprecast block pavement force of impact tests confirm block layer " arch effect " exists,reflected in the bulk layer loads exhibit "variable stiffness" of the bearing capacity, andultimately reveals the precast block pavement bearing capacity mechanism.
2\Presents a critical deflection, load diffusion coefficient, permanent deformationcoefficient precast block pavement structural design of key parameters, testing todetermine the carrying capacity of the water through the gravel and graded gravelstabilized two kinds of grass conditions, different block sizes, sand cushion thicknessand joint width under different precast block pavement deflection value threshold, load
diffusion coefficient in the range, the permanent deformation coefficient ranges.
3\Through the interior ring road test full-scale tests at different times understandard axle loads precast block pavement roughness and joint width changes studiedjoint width, sand cushion thickness, thickness and bulk loading times on the precastblock pavement permanent deformation of law, to establish a precast concrete blockpavement permanent deformation prediction model.
4\Seepage through seams and indoor rainfall simulation experiment Experimentalstudy of precast concrete block pavement seams seepage characteristics of the jointmaterial, joint width for seepage coefficient to determine the precast concrete blockpavement seams seepage coefficient of range of values established precast blockpavement unit area (1m2) seepage calculation method.
5\Using ANSYS software to build prefabricated block pavement structurethree-dimensional finite element model of flexible base for graded gravel and crushedstone Base water stability, analysis and calculation of the block thickness, basethickness, modulus of subgrade for road surface deflection, grass and grass top surfacecompressive stress underside pull stress. The results show that affect the subgrademodulus precast block pavement surface deflection value is the most important factor,block thickness and the thickness of the grass-roots base flexural stress have a certaininfluence.
6\The establishment of a road surface rut depth and grassroots bottom tensilestress control index based mechanics precast concrete blocks pavement design methodis proposed for flexible base precast block pavement rut depth calculation methods andapplicable to semi-rigid prefabricated block pavement bottom tensile stress calculationmethod, and gives the corresponding axle load conversion methods and designspecifications allowable range of values.
7\Proposed for highway emergency lane, service area typical precast blockpavement structure type, developed a prefabricated block road construction technologyand quality assurance measures, preparation of the "precast concrete block pavementdesign and construction technology guide", as a guidance success paved600m precastconcrete blocks pavement test section.
Thesis research involves the mechanical behavior of precast block pavementstructure and structural design methods, mix and precast block pavement roadperformance evaluation, precast block pavement drainage layer design characteristicsand drainage structures, precast block pavement construction technology, qualityassurance measures, quality acceptance economic evaluation methods, and to promotethe application of precast concrete block pavement with the development of a technicalreserves.
引文
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