城市设计诠释论
摘要
“诠释”是论文对城市设计自身学科特性的描述。借助于诠释学的理论知识,我们将包含在城市空间的一切社会文化现象,都视为富含意义的文本,城市或称之为“似文本”。城市文本具有形态性和空间性,并且能够呈现各个部分形态之间的固有关系(互文性)。城市设计的过程就包含了对城市文本的“理解”、“解释”与“接受”的过程。在这里,“理解”是对城市文本的阅读,“解释”是指城市设计文本的分析研究,而“接受”则是城市设计的诠释主体在创作活动中所采取的诠释方法。简言之,“诠释”就是对人们认知、书写与表达城市这一能动过程的高度概括,是对城市设计学科内在结构与思维方法的系统总结。
在哲学史中,现代的诠释学、现象学和接受美学等哲学思想先后涌现,彼此影响、各成体系。这些哲学思想对城市规划和建筑科学的研究有着深远影响。“诠释理论基础”的形成就是基于诠释学、现象学和接受美学等理论知识所构成的理论体系的总称。在这些哲学思想的影响下,当代城市设计表现出了强烈的诠释学特征。诠释学强调的历史性、可理解性、可交流性、可对话性、不确定性、过程性、可参与性以及多元意义等哲学思想有力的规定了城市设计的后现代主流倾向。与此同时,城市设计学科亦存在于诠释学的哲学境遇之中,从诠释学的角度来看,各个时期的城市设计理念受到了当时文化批判与社会思潮的影响,研究城市的历史与文化作为经验科学,诠释和分析城市作品成为可能。
因此,在深入挖掘城市空间意义的诠释学内涵之后,城市设计诠释理论试图从美学与人文科学的领域探讨人们认知空间的内在机制。城市设计诠释理论或称之为“城市空间诠释美学”。对于城市的审美与认知主体——人来说,城市并不是唯物的客观体,它的显现、它的认知、它的表达,必须借助于人的感性活动。在人们的认知活动中,客体成为文本的所指,主体通过意象性去思考、理解和想像客体。城市客体对其诠释者来说是“富有意义的形式”,城市(设计)文本形成了与城市客体的对象化结构。进而,人们通过城市(设计)文本与城市客体产生了积极的认识关系。此时,城市文本(似文本)和城市设计文本(真实的文本形式)形成了对城市客体的指称功用的意义结构。
在城市设计的实践层面,当城市设计诠释的这种科学的认识关系得以确认后,活跃在人文科学诠释的方法论体系对城市设计学科的借鉴意义就凸显出来了,包括语境分析、修辞分析、隐喻分析、心理意向分析、复杂性分析等方法都与城市设计的方法论有着紧密的联系。这样,城市设计创作实践的主体诠释与城市设计理念层面的意义诠释、城市设计表意过程的文本诠释一起共同建构了注重形态概念、注重表意过程、注重创作实践的不同阶段的具有实践性、应用性的城市设计诠释理论的方法体系。
通过对城市设计诠释理论的研究,论文对以下几个方面进行了创造性的工作。
建构了城市设计诠释理论的研究框架。使得诠释理论与城市设计的知识有着全面、系统的交叉,为城市设计诠释理论的深入研究建立了理论基础。
阐述了由诠释情境—诠释结构—诠释维度所建构的诠释思维范式,揭示了城市设计诠释思维活动的内在特性。
提出了从理念层面的意义诠释(城市文本研究)、表意过程的文本诠释(城市设计文本研究)和城市设计创作实践的主体诠释等三个方面的应用性研究层级。
“Hermeneutics”in the thesis is the description of course features for urban design. By means of theories in hermeneutics, we can regard all social and cultural phenomena contained in the urban space as meaningful text, and the city may then be named as“simi-text”. The urban text would be of certain shape and space, and it can display the firm relationship between each shape (inter-text). The process of urban design would include the“understanding”,“interpretation”and“acceptance”of urban text. Here,“understanding”refers to reading the urban text, and“interpretation”refers to analysis and research in urban design text, while“acceptance”refers to the hermeneutics method as applied during creation by the main body of the hermeneutics. In one word,“hermeneutics”is the highly summarized expression of the active process for people to understand, write about and express the city, and the systematic summary of internal structure and way of though in urban design course.
In the history of philosophy, modern hermeneutics, phenomenology and reception aesthetics has thronged in succession, which were interacted and formed their own system have imposed profound influence over the research of urban planning and architectural science. The“Fundamentals for Hermeneutics Theory”is a collective term of theoretical system formed by hermeneutics, phenomenology and reception aesthetics. Contemporary urban design, as influenced by the foregoing philosophy ideas, has demonstrated obvious features of hermeneutics. Such philosophy ideas like historical features, understandability, communicability, exchangeability, uncertainty, process-based, participation-based and diversified meaning etc as emphasized in hermeneutics has directed the post-modernism mainstream tendency in urban design. In the meantime, the urban design course also exists in the philosophy circumstances of hermeneutics. From the viewpoint of hermeneutics, the urban design concepts at different stages have influenced by the then cultural comments and social thoughts. The explanation and analysis of urban works would be possible since the research of urban history and culture is regarded as empirical course.
Therefore, after understanding the hermeneutics connotation of the meaning of urban space, the hermeneutics theory of urban design would start to seek the internal mechanism for people to understand the space in aesthetics field and the human studies. The hermeneutics theory of urban design may also be named as“hermeneutic aesthetics of urban space”. For human being– the main body of urban aesthetics and recognition– city is not the objective matter, and the display, recognition and expression of which shall be through people’s activities. During people’s recognition activities, objective matter would become the target of text, while the subject will think of, understand and image the objective matter through imagined images. Urban object is the“meaning form”for the subject of hermeneutics, and the urban (design) text would turn to be the target of urban object. Therefore, people would be imposed the active recognition between urban (design) text and urban object. At this time, the urban text (simi-text) and the urban design text (real text form) would form the meaning structure indicating the urban object.
In terms of the practice of urban design, when the scientific understanding upon the urban design hermeneutics is recognized, then methodology system in the social studies hermeneutics would be obviously referential for the course of urban design, in which methods like context analysis, rhetoric analysis, metaphor analysis, mental intention analysis and complexity analysis are all closely in connection with the methodology of urban design. Therefore, the main body hermeneutics in the creation practices of urban design, the meaning hermeneutics in terms of concept of urban design as well as the text hermeneutics in the notional process of urban design has jointly formed the methodology system of urban design hermeneutics theory, which stresses the concept of configuration, the notional process and the different stages of creation practice featuring practices and application.
The thesis emphasized the following creative points through the research of hermeneutics theory of urban design:
It formulated the research framework for the hermeneutics theory of urban design, which has caused the cross-relation of hermeneutics theory and urban design knowledge in an all-round and systematic manner, laying the theoretical foundation for the deeper research of hermeneutics theory of urban design.
It elaborated the way of thought for hermeneutics shaped by the hermeneutics context– hermeneutics structure– hermeneutics dimension, and unveil the internal features of the hermeneutics way of thought in urban design.
It carried out the application research in terms of the meaning hermeneutics in concept (research on city text), text hermeneutics in the notional process (research on urban design text) and the main body hermeneutics of the creation practice for urban design.
在哲学史中,现代的诠释学、现象学和接受美学等哲学思想先后涌现,彼此影响、各成体系。这些哲学思想对城市规划和建筑科学的研究有着深远影响。“诠释理论基础”的形成就是基于诠释学、现象学和接受美学等理论知识所构成的理论体系的总称。在这些哲学思想的影响下,当代城市设计表现出了强烈的诠释学特征。诠释学强调的历史性、可理解性、可交流性、可对话性、不确定性、过程性、可参与性以及多元意义等哲学思想有力的规定了城市设计的后现代主流倾向。与此同时,城市设计学科亦存在于诠释学的哲学境遇之中,从诠释学的角度来看,各个时期的城市设计理念受到了当时文化批判与社会思潮的影响,研究城市的历史与文化作为经验科学,诠释和分析城市作品成为可能。
因此,在深入挖掘城市空间意义的诠释学内涵之后,城市设计诠释理论试图从美学与人文科学的领域探讨人们认知空间的内在机制。城市设计诠释理论或称之为“城市空间诠释美学”。对于城市的审美与认知主体——人来说,城市并不是唯物的客观体,它的显现、它的认知、它的表达,必须借助于人的感性活动。在人们的认知活动中,客体成为文本的所指,主体通过意象性去思考、理解和想像客体。城市客体对其诠释者来说是“富有意义的形式”,城市(设计)文本形成了与城市客体的对象化结构。进而,人们通过城市(设计)文本与城市客体产生了积极的认识关系。此时,城市文本(似文本)和城市设计文本(真实的文本形式)形成了对城市客体的指称功用的意义结构。
在城市设计的实践层面,当城市设计诠释的这种科学的认识关系得以确认后,活跃在人文科学诠释的方法论体系对城市设计学科的借鉴意义就凸显出来了,包括语境分析、修辞分析、隐喻分析、心理意向分析、复杂性分析等方法都与城市设计的方法论有着紧密的联系。这样,城市设计创作实践的主体诠释与城市设计理念层面的意义诠释、城市设计表意过程的文本诠释一起共同建构了注重形态概念、注重表意过程、注重创作实践的不同阶段的具有实践性、应用性的城市设计诠释理论的方法体系。
通过对城市设计诠释理论的研究,论文对以下几个方面进行了创造性的工作。
建构了城市设计诠释理论的研究框架。使得诠释理论与城市设计的知识有着全面、系统的交叉,为城市设计诠释理论的深入研究建立了理论基础。
阐述了由诠释情境—诠释结构—诠释维度所建构的诠释思维范式,揭示了城市设计诠释思维活动的内在特性。
提出了从理念层面的意义诠释(城市文本研究)、表意过程的文本诠释(城市设计文本研究)和城市设计创作实践的主体诠释等三个方面的应用性研究层级。
“Hermeneutics”in the thesis is the description of course features for urban design. By means of theories in hermeneutics, we can regard all social and cultural phenomena contained in the urban space as meaningful text, and the city may then be named as“simi-text”. The urban text would be of certain shape and space, and it can display the firm relationship between each shape (inter-text). The process of urban design would include the“understanding”,“interpretation”and“acceptance”of urban text. Here,“understanding”refers to reading the urban text, and“interpretation”refers to analysis and research in urban design text, while“acceptance”refers to the hermeneutics method as applied during creation by the main body of the hermeneutics. In one word,“hermeneutics”is the highly summarized expression of the active process for people to understand, write about and express the city, and the systematic summary of internal structure and way of though in urban design course.
In the history of philosophy, modern hermeneutics, phenomenology and reception aesthetics has thronged in succession, which were interacted and formed their own system have imposed profound influence over the research of urban planning and architectural science. The“Fundamentals for Hermeneutics Theory”is a collective term of theoretical system formed by hermeneutics, phenomenology and reception aesthetics. Contemporary urban design, as influenced by the foregoing philosophy ideas, has demonstrated obvious features of hermeneutics. Such philosophy ideas like historical features, understandability, communicability, exchangeability, uncertainty, process-based, participation-based and diversified meaning etc as emphasized in hermeneutics has directed the post-modernism mainstream tendency in urban design. In the meantime, the urban design course also exists in the philosophy circumstances of hermeneutics. From the viewpoint of hermeneutics, the urban design concepts at different stages have influenced by the then cultural comments and social thoughts. The explanation and analysis of urban works would be possible since the research of urban history and culture is regarded as empirical course.
Therefore, after understanding the hermeneutics connotation of the meaning of urban space, the hermeneutics theory of urban design would start to seek the internal mechanism for people to understand the space in aesthetics field and the human studies. The hermeneutics theory of urban design may also be named as“hermeneutic aesthetics of urban space”. For human being– the main body of urban aesthetics and recognition– city is not the objective matter, and the display, recognition and expression of which shall be through people’s activities. During people’s recognition activities, objective matter would become the target of text, while the subject will think of, understand and image the objective matter through imagined images. Urban object is the“meaning form”for the subject of hermeneutics, and the urban (design) text would turn to be the target of urban object. Therefore, people would be imposed the active recognition between urban (design) text and urban object. At this time, the urban text (simi-text) and the urban design text (real text form) would form the meaning structure indicating the urban object.
In terms of the practice of urban design, when the scientific understanding upon the urban design hermeneutics is recognized, then methodology system in the social studies hermeneutics would be obviously referential for the course of urban design, in which methods like context analysis, rhetoric analysis, metaphor analysis, mental intention analysis and complexity analysis are all closely in connection with the methodology of urban design. Therefore, the main body hermeneutics in the creation practices of urban design, the meaning hermeneutics in terms of concept of urban design as well as the text hermeneutics in the notional process of urban design has jointly formed the methodology system of urban design hermeneutics theory, which stresses the concept of configuration, the notional process and the different stages of creation practice featuring practices and application.
The thesis emphasized the following creative points through the research of hermeneutics theory of urban design:
It formulated the research framework for the hermeneutics theory of urban design, which has caused the cross-relation of hermeneutics theory and urban design knowledge in an all-round and systematic manner, laying the theoretical foundation for the deeper research of hermeneutics theory of urban design.
It elaborated the way of thought for hermeneutics shaped by the hermeneutics context– hermeneutics structure– hermeneutics dimension, and unveil the internal features of the hermeneutics way of thought in urban design.
It carried out the application research in terms of the meaning hermeneutics in concept (research on city text), text hermeneutics in the notional process (research on urban design text) and the main body hermeneutics of the creation practice for urban design.
引文
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