电力系统异构应用信息共享和互操作理论与方法研究
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摘要
随着社会和经济的快速发展以及电力系统互联的逐步实施,电网的安全稳定和控制问题日益突出,各种应用软件和硬件系统在电力系统调度中心和变电站等各个环节发挥着越来越重要的作用,对各种应用系统间的信息共享和互操作也提出了越来越迫切的要求。但目前各种应用系统的异构性极大地制约了信息共享和互操作的实现,成为当前电力系统应用软件发展中的突出问题。研究电力系统异构应用信息共享和互操作的理论与方法,建立开放的电力系统软件系统和平台,具有重要的理论与实际意义。本文以此为出发点,对电力系统异构应用信息共享与互操作理论和方法进行了深入研究,涉及公共信息模型的形式化表达和电力系统应用中图形信息的共享与互操作等方面,并结合电力调度中心的实际应用系统进行了深入探讨。
国际电工委员会制定了IEC 61970标准,以实现EMS应用的即插即用和信息互操作。本文首先分析了IEC 61970中的公共信息模型CIM和组件接口规范CIS的构建方法;然后借助形式语义理论论述了基于UML构建的CIM模型语义空间的可互操作性,分析了IEC 61970采用扩展RDF模式和简化RDF语法对CIM模型进行形式化表达的方法;最后,指出了RDF难以完备表达模型的信息语义等缺点,提出了结合本体技术实现CIM的语义形式化表达,构建电力系统语义信息模型的方法,该方法可以较好弥补RDF表达模型语义方面的不足,提供等同描述逻辑的逻辑推理能力,有助于实现电力系统信息模型的语义一致性理解。
在电力系统图形信息共享和互操作方面,本文首先对比分析了CCAPI推荐的图形中心和域中心图形交换方案,指出图形中心方案在实现一对象多图、支持背景图形显示以及支持图形扩展等方面的优点,并论述了基于CCAPI图形交换方案实现信息共享和互操作的关键问题;然后,提出了利用SVG Metadata模型和IEC 61968 Location包规范图形位置、拓扑和附带电气信息,实现图形交换和图形分拆、合并的具体方法;最后,针对图形中心互操作方案不同应用中的组合图形之间、组合图形和电气模型之间难以关联的问题,提出了基于本体的解决方案,该方案利用各异构系统内的应用本体增强电气模型的横向关联和语义约束,实现图形和电气模型的紧密关联,并将异构系统间的图形信息共享和互操作转化为本体间的辨识和映射,有助于有效解决组合图形的互操作等问题。
最后,以继电保护定值单管理系统和继电保护定值校核预警系统为例,研究了开放性数据模型和组件技术在电力系统应用软件系统中的具体应用。在继电保护定值单管理系统中,利用基于COM的Active X组件技术和OWC Spreadsheet控件实现了定值单计算原则和显示样式的自定义,完成了定值单管理系统与整定计算系统的集成和信息交换;基于工作流技术实现了定值单审核、下发、回执、执行等工作在广域分布式环境下多部门、多用户中的网络化控制和定值信息共享。在继电保护定值校核系统中,利用CORBA中间件对并行计算的良好支持,设计了多线程并行计算的在线校核系统,采用决策表搜索和多组校核计算组并行计算同时进行来提高在线定值校核的速度,利用以IEC 61970 CIM和本体技术为基础的语义信息模型对涉及的电网拓扑和一次设备模型进行了建模,基于IEC 61850的保护逻辑节点对CIM的保护设备模型进行了扩展,从而提高了定值校核系统的开放性和信息共享能力。上述系统都已经在实际大型电网调度中心得到成功应用,大大提高了继电保护相关工作的效率,为电网的安全运行提供了有力保证。
Along with the rapid development of society and economy and the interconnection of power systems, the security and stability of power systems is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, various software and hardware systems is playing important role in power systems, and the requirement of exchange common information among those software and hardware systems is also getting more and more urgent. However, the heterogeneity of those application systems seriously impedes the information sharing and interoperation. Hence, the research on the theory of heterogeneous information interoperation to build an opening software platform in power systems is of great theoretical and impractical significance. This dissertation concentrates on studying several key problems in this field, including the formal representation of CM and power system graphics information interoperation. The method to design and develop some application systems of power systems based on those researches are also study in this dissertation.
The IEC 61970 standard is constituted by the International Electrothecnical Commission with the aim to realize the "plug and play" and information sharing of EMS applications. Firstly, the method of establishing the common information model and the component interface specification in IEC 61970 is introduced. Secondly, the interoperability of CIM in IEC 61970 is investigated based on the formal semantic theory, and the extension of RDF (Resource Description Framework) schema and simplification of RDF syntax in IEC 61970 with which to realize the formal expression of CIM are introduced. Finally, the disadvantage that RDF is difficult to describe the semantic information of the CIM model is presented. Thus, the method of realizing the semantic formalized expression of CIM and building IEC 61970 semantic information model by ontology is put forward, which can solve the problem of RDF, provide logic inference function and help reach the consistent semantic comprehension of the information model of power systems.
In the aspect of the graphics information sharing and interoperation of power systems, based on the comparison of the two graphics exchange approaches proposed by CCAPI, it is found that the graphics centric approach excels the domain centric approach. Because the graphics centric approach could provide easier support for multiple graphics display on each domain object in power systems; simpler use of standard SVG viewers; and easier support for "background" data in diagrams. Several key problems of CCAPI graphics centric approach are presented. Then, the methods of how to build the exchange graphics information in a standard form with IEC 61968 location package and SVG metadata model and how to realize the graphics exchange based on those information are introduced. Finally, an ontology method to establish contact between the graphics element and the CM objects in CCAPI graphics centric exchange approach is presented. The graphics element and electrical model can be associated together by building application ontology in each heterogeneous application. Meanwhile, by enhancing the horizontal association and semantic restriction of electrical model using application ontology, the graphic information sharing and interoperation can be changed into the identification and mapping between application ontologies and the graphics information sharing can be realized efficiently.
Finally, examples of the relay settings verification system and the setting list management system are presented to explain the application of semantic information model and component technology in the development of power system software. The information exchange between the setting list management system and the relay coordination system can be realized based on the ActiveX scripting technology and Excel electronic list. Furthermore, with the workflow technique, the auto control in the setting list's management business process between multi-user and multi-department in the local power area network is realized. In the relay settings verification system, the parallel calculation technology is adopted to enhance the calculation ability based on the support of CORBA. The semantic information model based on CIM and protection LN in IEC 61850 are introduced to improve the opening and information sharing capability of relay settings verification system. Both of the above-mentioned software has been applied in practical power systems and achieved favorable performance.
国际电工委员会制定了IEC 61970标准,以实现EMS应用的即插即用和信息互操作。本文首先分析了IEC 61970中的公共信息模型CIM和组件接口规范CIS的构建方法;然后借助形式语义理论论述了基于UML构建的CIM模型语义空间的可互操作性,分析了IEC 61970采用扩展RDF模式和简化RDF语法对CIM模型进行形式化表达的方法;最后,指出了RDF难以完备表达模型的信息语义等缺点,提出了结合本体技术实现CIM的语义形式化表达,构建电力系统语义信息模型的方法,该方法可以较好弥补RDF表达模型语义方面的不足,提供等同描述逻辑的逻辑推理能力,有助于实现电力系统信息模型的语义一致性理解。
在电力系统图形信息共享和互操作方面,本文首先对比分析了CCAPI推荐的图形中心和域中心图形交换方案,指出图形中心方案在实现一对象多图、支持背景图形显示以及支持图形扩展等方面的优点,并论述了基于CCAPI图形交换方案实现信息共享和互操作的关键问题;然后,提出了利用SVG Metadata模型和IEC 61968 Location包规范图形位置、拓扑和附带电气信息,实现图形交换和图形分拆、合并的具体方法;最后,针对图形中心互操作方案不同应用中的组合图形之间、组合图形和电气模型之间难以关联的问题,提出了基于本体的解决方案,该方案利用各异构系统内的应用本体增强电气模型的横向关联和语义约束,实现图形和电气模型的紧密关联,并将异构系统间的图形信息共享和互操作转化为本体间的辨识和映射,有助于有效解决组合图形的互操作等问题。
最后,以继电保护定值单管理系统和继电保护定值校核预警系统为例,研究了开放性数据模型和组件技术在电力系统应用软件系统中的具体应用。在继电保护定值单管理系统中,利用基于COM的Active X组件技术和OWC Spreadsheet控件实现了定值单计算原则和显示样式的自定义,完成了定值单管理系统与整定计算系统的集成和信息交换;基于工作流技术实现了定值单审核、下发、回执、执行等工作在广域分布式环境下多部门、多用户中的网络化控制和定值信息共享。在继电保护定值校核系统中,利用CORBA中间件对并行计算的良好支持,设计了多线程并行计算的在线校核系统,采用决策表搜索和多组校核计算组并行计算同时进行来提高在线定值校核的速度,利用以IEC 61970 CIM和本体技术为基础的语义信息模型对涉及的电网拓扑和一次设备模型进行了建模,基于IEC 61850的保护逻辑节点对CIM的保护设备模型进行了扩展,从而提高了定值校核系统的开放性和信息共享能力。上述系统都已经在实际大型电网调度中心得到成功应用,大大提高了继电保护相关工作的效率,为电网的安全运行提供了有力保证。
Along with the rapid development of society and economy and the interconnection of power systems, the security and stability of power systems is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, various software and hardware systems is playing important role in power systems, and the requirement of exchange common information among those software and hardware systems is also getting more and more urgent. However, the heterogeneity of those application systems seriously impedes the information sharing and interoperation. Hence, the research on the theory of heterogeneous information interoperation to build an opening software platform in power systems is of great theoretical and impractical significance. This dissertation concentrates on studying several key problems in this field, including the formal representation of CM and power system graphics information interoperation. The method to design and develop some application systems of power systems based on those researches are also study in this dissertation.
The IEC 61970 standard is constituted by the International Electrothecnical Commission with the aim to realize the "plug and play" and information sharing of EMS applications. Firstly, the method of establishing the common information model and the component interface specification in IEC 61970 is introduced. Secondly, the interoperability of CIM in IEC 61970 is investigated based on the formal semantic theory, and the extension of RDF (Resource Description Framework) schema and simplification of RDF syntax in IEC 61970 with which to realize the formal expression of CIM are introduced. Finally, the disadvantage that RDF is difficult to describe the semantic information of the CIM model is presented. Thus, the method of realizing the semantic formalized expression of CIM and building IEC 61970 semantic information model by ontology is put forward, which can solve the problem of RDF, provide logic inference function and help reach the consistent semantic comprehension of the information model of power systems.
In the aspect of the graphics information sharing and interoperation of power systems, based on the comparison of the two graphics exchange approaches proposed by CCAPI, it is found that the graphics centric approach excels the domain centric approach. Because the graphics centric approach could provide easier support for multiple graphics display on each domain object in power systems; simpler use of standard SVG viewers; and easier support for "background" data in diagrams. Several key problems of CCAPI graphics centric approach are presented. Then, the methods of how to build the exchange graphics information in a standard form with IEC 61968 location package and SVG metadata model and how to realize the graphics exchange based on those information are introduced. Finally, an ontology method to establish contact between the graphics element and the CM objects in CCAPI graphics centric exchange approach is presented. The graphics element and electrical model can be associated together by building application ontology in each heterogeneous application. Meanwhile, by enhancing the horizontal association and semantic restriction of electrical model using application ontology, the graphic information sharing and interoperation can be changed into the identification and mapping between application ontologies and the graphics information sharing can be realized efficiently.
Finally, examples of the relay settings verification system and the setting list management system are presented to explain the application of semantic information model and component technology in the development of power system software. The information exchange between the setting list management system and the relay coordination system can be realized based on the ActiveX scripting technology and Excel electronic list. Furthermore, with the workflow technique, the auto control in the setting list's management business process between multi-user and multi-department in the local power area network is realized. In the relay settings verification system, the parallel calculation technology is adopted to enhance the calculation ability based on the support of CORBA. The semantic information model based on CIM and protection LN in IEC 61850 are introduced to improve the opening and information sharing capability of relay settings verification system. Both of the above-mentioned software has been applied in practical power systems and achieved favorable performance.
引文
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