空间信息网高性能路由协议研究
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摘要
随着卫星通信技术的快速发展，以卫星通信为代表的空间通信技术在通信质量、规模上都取得了很大的进步，给人们的工作和生活带来了很多的便利。空间信息网是卫星网络的进一步扩展，它能把卫星网络、空间航天器和地面网络联系起来。空间信息网具有全球覆盖的能力，能够保证高速率传输和较宽的带宽，并支持灵活的、大规模的网络结构。卫星网络作为空间信息网的骨干网络，不仅要求其高可靠性，也同时要求其提供高质量接入服务，以及QoS保证等性质，而仅采用LEO、MEO或GEO星座的单层卫星网络难以满足上述要求。因此需要结合不同轨道层卫星优势，采用多层星座卫星网络来构建空间信息网的骨干网络。路由技术是空间信息网，特别是其卫星骨干网络的关键技术之一，目前国内外，对地面移动自组网和WMN (无线网状网)网络的路由算法有较多的研究，为空间信息网络的研究提供了很多的借鉴。然而空间信息网由于其自身的特点，其路由协议难以充分利用地面移动自组网和WMN网络的特性。因而需要针对空间信息网的特点，设计符合空间信息网特性的路由协议。因此，对空间信息网的路由协议的研究具有重要意义。本文研究了空间信息网的高性能路由协议，主要包括如下内容：
1.研究了空间信息网分层网络的构成，并对分层拓扑结构的特性进行了分析，指出了分层网络的优势。结合不同轨道上卫星的特点，提出基于“双层卫星骨干网”模型的分层空间信息网。并对双层卫星骨干网络的轨道、空间几何结构以及网络拓扑结构、星座设计等网络体系结构相关的方面进行深入研究。指出了开发卫星骨干网络路由协议的必要性，并对设计空间信息网的卫星骨干网路由协议的方法进行详细的说明。
2.提出了一个基于双层卫星骨干网络的空间信息网按需路由协议，该协议能为网络中的每条链路进行独立的最短路径计算，能对当前的网络状态迅速反应，并最小化端到端时延和时延抖动，同时保持信令开销的最小化。通过与单层网络的路由协议和传统的双层网络路由协议对比，仿真实验结果表明了该协议在端到端时延，时延抖动以及链路拥塞、失效等方面均有较大的提高。
3.提出了一个基于双层卫星骨干网的空间信息网通信量分类路由协议，该协议对卫星网络中不同的通信量类型采用不同的优化条件，使其能适应不同通信量类型的服务质量要求，提升卫星骨干网络的潜在性能。实验结果表明该协议在与单层网络路由协议相比时，其平均端到端时延，平均归一化吞吐量等方面均有较大的提高；以及在均匀网络和热点网络的场景下，该协议对不同通信量类型的平均相对时延差也有较大的改进。
4.针对空间信息网中卫星骨干网的特点，提出一个基于空间信息网卫星节点的节点信任评估模型，通过该模型可以得到卫星节点间的直接信任和间接信任的信任值，并计算出节点间可信路由。该路由协议能够根据卫星节点的信任值选择可信的路由进行数据传输。实验结果表明，相比传统的空间信息网路由协议，该可信路由协议能够有效地抵御攻击，提高网络的可靠性、健壮性以及安全性。
With the rapid development of satellite communication technology, technologies ofspace communication especially for satellite communication have made a great progressin communication quality and communication scale, those have brought greatconvenience for our jobs and lives. Space information network (SIN) is the furtherdevelopment of satellite network, and it can associate spacecrafts, ground networks withsatellite networks. SIN can provide global coverage, guarantee of high transmission rateand bandwidth, and it also can support flexible and large-scale network structure.Satellite network is acted as the backbone network of SIN, so it is required to providehigh reliability, high quality access service and QoS assurance for ground users. But thesatellite network is composed by single layer’s LEO, MEO or GEO satelliteconstellation is difficult to satisfy the above conditions. Therefore, we must combine theadvantage of different orbit layers’ satellites constellation to structure the backbonesatellite networks of SIN. Routing technology of SIN is the key technology for SIN,especially for its satellite backbone networks. There are some research have made forwireless Ad hoc network and wireless Mesh network (WMN) in the word at present,those research can be used as a source of references for the routing research of SIN.Because of SIN’s own characteristics, its routing protocol is difficult to make full use ofthe features of wireless Ad hoc network and WMN to help it to improve theperformance of its routing, so it is required to according to the features of SIN to designthe routing protocol of it. Thus it has important significance in the study of routingprotocol of SIN. Some high performance routing protocols of SIN are studied throughtheoretical analysis and simulations in this dissertation, the main contributions of it areas follows:
1. The construction of hierarchical network of SIN is studied, and thecharacteristics of hierarchical topological structure are analyzed, and advantages of itare displayed in this chapter. Combining with characteristics of different orbits ofsatellite constellation, a model of two-layered satellite backbone networks based on thehierarchical SIN is proposed. Finally, the orbits, geometric structure, network topologicstructure and constellation design of two-layered satellite backbone network are furtherstudied. The necessity to develop routing protocol of satellite backbone networks of SINis pointed, and the design method of routing protocol is expatiated.
2. A special and effective distributed on-demand routing protocol in two-layeredsatellite backbone networks of SIN is proposed. Independent computing of shortest path for each satellite link is taken in this protocol, so it can response quickly for currentnetwork status, and keep the minimization of end-to-end delay, delay jitter and signalingoverhead. In contrast to the routing protocol of single-layered networks and classicalrouting protocol in double-layered networks, simulation studies further record andconfirm the positive characteristics of this protocol on the mean end-to-end delay, themean delay jitter, the links’ congestion and satellite failure, etc.
3. A two-layered composed of low-earth orbit and medium-earth orbit satellitebackbone network of SIN is presented, and a novel self-adapting routing protocol isdeveloped. This scheme aims to adopt self-adapting routing algorithm to supportdifferent traffic classes. Meanwhile, the path discovery processing is invokedindependently for each individual origin/destination pair. Simulation results areprovided to evaluate the performance of the new scheme in terms of end-to-end delay,normalized data throughout, delay jitter and delivery ratio.
4. According to the features in satellite backbone network of SIN, a trustedevaluation model of satellite nodes is given and a trusted on-demand routing protocol isproposed. Based on this model, the trustworthiness of direct trust degree and indirecttrust degree of network’s nodes can be obtained from it. Then the trusted routes ofsatellite nodes can be computed according to the trustworthiness of network’s nodes.This routing algorithm can select a trusted route to transport data based on thetrustworthiness of network’s nodes. Compared with the classical on-demand satelliterouting, simulation results show that it can effectively resist attacks and improve thereliability robustness and security in satellite backbone networks of SIN.
1.研究了空间信息网分层网络的构成，并对分层拓扑结构的特性进行了分析，指出了分层网络的优势。结合不同轨道上卫星的特点，提出基于“双层卫星骨干网”模型的分层空间信息网。并对双层卫星骨干网络的轨道、空间几何结构以及网络拓扑结构、星座设计等网络体系结构相关的方面进行深入研究。指出了开发卫星骨干网络路由协议的必要性，并对设计空间信息网的卫星骨干网路由协议的方法进行详细的说明。
2.提出了一个基于双层卫星骨干网络的空间信息网按需路由协议，该协议能为网络中的每条链路进行独立的最短路径计算，能对当前的网络状态迅速反应，并最小化端到端时延和时延抖动，同时保持信令开销的最小化。通过与单层网络的路由协议和传统的双层网络路由协议对比，仿真实验结果表明了该协议在端到端时延，时延抖动以及链路拥塞、失效等方面均有较大的提高。
3.提出了一个基于双层卫星骨干网的空间信息网通信量分类路由协议，该协议对卫星网络中不同的通信量类型采用不同的优化条件，使其能适应不同通信量类型的服务质量要求，提升卫星骨干网络的潜在性能。实验结果表明该协议在与单层网络路由协议相比时，其平均端到端时延，平均归一化吞吐量等方面均有较大的提高；以及在均匀网络和热点网络的场景下，该协议对不同通信量类型的平均相对时延差也有较大的改进。
4.针对空间信息网中卫星骨干网的特点，提出一个基于空间信息网卫星节点的节点信任评估模型，通过该模型可以得到卫星节点间的直接信任和间接信任的信任值，并计算出节点间可信路由。该路由协议能够根据卫星节点的信任值选择可信的路由进行数据传输。实验结果表明，相比传统的空间信息网路由协议，该可信路由协议能够有效地抵御攻击，提高网络的可靠性、健壮性以及安全性。
With the rapid development of satellite communication technology, technologies ofspace communication especially for satellite communication have made a great progressin communication quality and communication scale, those have brought greatconvenience for our jobs and lives. Space information network (SIN) is the furtherdevelopment of satellite network, and it can associate spacecrafts, ground networks withsatellite networks. SIN can provide global coverage, guarantee of high transmission rateand bandwidth, and it also can support flexible and large-scale network structure.Satellite network is acted as the backbone network of SIN, so it is required to providehigh reliability, high quality access service and QoS assurance for ground users. But thesatellite network is composed by single layer’s LEO, MEO or GEO satelliteconstellation is difficult to satisfy the above conditions. Therefore, we must combine theadvantage of different orbit layers’ satellites constellation to structure the backbonesatellite networks of SIN. Routing technology of SIN is the key technology for SIN,especially for its satellite backbone networks. There are some research have made forwireless Ad hoc network and wireless Mesh network (WMN) in the word at present,those research can be used as a source of references for the routing research of SIN.Because of SIN’s own characteristics, its routing protocol is difficult to make full use ofthe features of wireless Ad hoc network and WMN to help it to improve theperformance of its routing, so it is required to according to the features of SIN to designthe routing protocol of it. Thus it has important significance in the study of routingprotocol of SIN. Some high performance routing protocols of SIN are studied throughtheoretical analysis and simulations in this dissertation, the main contributions of it areas follows:
1. The construction of hierarchical network of SIN is studied, and thecharacteristics of hierarchical topological structure are analyzed, and advantages of itare displayed in this chapter. Combining with characteristics of different orbits ofsatellite constellation, a model of two-layered satellite backbone networks based on thehierarchical SIN is proposed. Finally, the orbits, geometric structure, network topologicstructure and constellation design of two-layered satellite backbone network are furtherstudied. The necessity to develop routing protocol of satellite backbone networks of SINis pointed, and the design method of routing protocol is expatiated.
2. A special and effective distributed on-demand routing protocol in two-layeredsatellite backbone networks of SIN is proposed. Independent computing of shortest path for each satellite link is taken in this protocol, so it can response quickly for currentnetwork status, and keep the minimization of end-to-end delay, delay jitter and signalingoverhead. In contrast to the routing protocol of single-layered networks and classicalrouting protocol in double-layered networks, simulation studies further record andconfirm the positive characteristics of this protocol on the mean end-to-end delay, themean delay jitter, the links’ congestion and satellite failure, etc.
3. A two-layered composed of low-earth orbit and medium-earth orbit satellitebackbone network of SIN is presented, and a novel self-adapting routing protocol isdeveloped. This scheme aims to adopt self-adapting routing algorithm to supportdifferent traffic classes. Meanwhile, the path discovery processing is invokedindependently for each individual origin/destination pair. Simulation results areprovided to evaluate the performance of the new scheme in terms of end-to-end delay,normalized data throughout, delay jitter and delivery ratio.
4. According to the features in satellite backbone network of SIN, a trustedevaluation model of satellite nodes is given and a trusted on-demand routing protocol isproposed. Based on this model, the trustworthiness of direct trust degree and indirecttrust degree of network’s nodes can be obtained from it. Then the trusted routes ofsatellite nodes can be computed according to the trustworthiness of network’s nodes.This routing algorithm can select a trusted route to transport data based on thetrustworthiness of network’s nodes. Compared with the classical on-demand satelliterouting, simulation results show that it can effectively resist attacks and improve thereliability robustness and security in satellite backbone networks of SIN.
引文
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