基于SOA的建模与仿真框架及仿真服务发现技术研究
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摘要
科学技术的发展使得系统正逐步向体系方向进化,而面向体系的建模与仿真(M&S)不再是局限于单个组织的行为,而是强调模型与仿真的联合开发,致力于将不同组织或不同领域开发的仿真资源进行重用和组合以满足多学科协同仿真和多系统联合仿真的需要。体系条件下的联合仿真对M&S的重用与互操作性提出了更高的要求,可组合仿真也逐渐成为了当前M&S领域的研究热点,而仿真模型可组合性作为其重要组成部分,也因此成为了可组合仿真的关键研究内容。
本文以新兴的面向服务计算为背景,研究如何利用Web服务技术来支持仿真模型的重用和组合,从而提高可组合仿真的开发效率。论文主要从基于SOA的仿真方法和仿真模型服务发现技术两个方面进行了研究,内容主要包括提供理论和方法论指导的基于SOA的建模与仿真框架研究,针对仿真服务发现的仿真服务描述、匹配及选择技术研究,基于SOA的建模仿真环境的设计与实现等。论文的主要工作及创新体现为以下几个方面:
(1)基于SOA的建模与仿真框架
论文首先对基于SOA的仿真、仿真服务等关键概念进行了阐述,给出了基于SOA的仿真开发过程,并对基于SOA的仿真的优势与挑战进行了探讨;在此基础上对基于SOA的仿真高层体系结构进行了探讨,提出了一个本体驱动开放仿真体系结构,该体系结构由本体层、管理层和仿真/资源层构成,并详细分析了各个层次的功能需求和特点;进而建立了基于SOA的仿真过程模型,即仿真服务组合参考模型,对仿真服务组合的基本术语、过程视图及技术框架进行了分析;最后提出了一个基于SOA的开放建模与仿真框架SOMSF来指导基于SOA的仿真实践,并对SOMSF的体系结构、仿真开发流程,以及仿真模型的组合框架进行了详细阐述,分析了框架中所面临的关键技术问题。该框架能够为大范围内仿真资源的重用和共享,以及技术、语法、语义、语用和概念层次的仿真模型可组合性提供全面支持。
(2)仿真服务发现技术
在面向服务架构下,仿真服务发现是基于SOA的仿真中实现仿真模型组合建模的重要前提,论文分别对仿真服务描述、匹配和选择三个与仿真服务发现密切相关的关键技术进行了深入研究。
论文首先介绍了现有Web服务描述模型和本体的基本概念、表示方法及作用,在深入分析仿真模型语义组成的基础上,提出了一个基于两层本体的仿真服务描述模型,并基于OWL-S/WSDL构建了仿真服务描述本体,实现了对仿真服务从技术→语法→语义→语用→概念的描述。在此基础上,对仿真领域本体、概念及仿真服务描述本体进行了形式化定义。最后,针对现有Web服务描述本体OWL-S Profile对仿真模型动态行为描述的不足,基于DoDAF中的CADM构建了仿真服务的行为本体规范,用于支持仿真服务语用信息的表示和存储。
基于仿真服务的语义描述模型,构建了包含“三个层次”和“五种类型”的仿真服务匹配模型。考虑到本体构建的难度以及匹配效率,论文重点对基于语义相似度的仿真服务匹配类型进行了深入探讨,分别为不同层次的仿真服务相似度匹配建立了相应的语义相似度计算函数,在此基础上对语义计算中的两个关键匹配算法进行了研究,并结合现有的Web服务发现技术对该方法的性能进行了对比分析。
在对分布式仿真的基本特征进行深入分析的基础上,结合现有的Web服务质量模型构建了仿真服务质量模型及其基于图的聚合规则,为仿真服务的服务质量属性计算提供依据。在此基础上将仿真服务质量驱动的仿真服务的选择问题建模为一个多目标的组合优化问题,并结合仿真服务质量模型的特征建立了相应的多目标规划模型。针对不同的用户需求,分别建立了获取多组解和单个解的多目标问题求解模型,并基于粒子群算法提供了相应的模型求解算法,即多目标粒子群算法MMPSO和带偏好的粒子群算法PBPSO。最后对算法性能进行了分析,并对选择策略的适用情况进行了讨论。
(3)原型系统的设计与实现
最后,在前述的方法论及相关关键技术研究的基础上,结合本实验室已有的研究成果,论文设计并初步实现了一个基于SOA的仿真环境SOASim。该原型系统能够为仿真服务的设计、开发、发布、部署、发现、组合及运行提供自动化支持,并结合具体课题应用对原型系统及相关关键技术进行了初步验证。
The development of technology has evolved system to system of systems. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) for these complex systems is focused on the coalition/joint development of models and simulation, and resources owned by different organizations or domains are reused and composed to meet the requirements of multidisciplinary cooperative simulation and multi-system joint simulation. The joint simulation for system of systems has demanded more M&S reusability and interoperability, and composable simulation has been the hot topics of M&S of complex systems. As a very important content, model composability has been one of the key research problems of composable simulation.
Taking the Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) as the technology background, this dissertation has made an in-depth research on how to facilitate simulation model reuse and composition with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Service to promote the efficiency of composable simulation. From the views of SOA-based simulation approach and the discovery of simulation model services, the main content of the thesis are included: research of the SOA-based framework for modeling and simulation, the key technologies of simulation services description, mismatching, and selection, which are related to simulation service discovery; the design of the SOA-based simulation environment and the implementation of its prototype. The main work and innovations of this dissertation include the following parts:
(1) The SOA-based framework for modeling and simulation
First of all, the conceptual framework of SOA-based simulation is studied. SOA-based simulation and simulation service are explicitly defined, and the development process of SOA-based simulation and its advantage and challenge are discussed. After that, the high-level architecture of SOA-based simulation are explored, and a conceptual architecture is presented, which is Ontology-driven Open Simulation Architecture (OOSA), and the process model of SOA-based simulation, i.e. simulation service compositon, and some terms, the process view and technique framework are dicussed. Based on the above research, the SOA-based Open Modeling and Simulaiton Framework (SOMSF) is presented. The structure, functions and the related technologies in SOMSF are explored, and the key technologies involved in the thesis are explicated. SOMSF can provide overall support for technical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and concept composability.
(2) Simulation service discovery
Under SOA, simulation service discovery is a prior precondition to reuse and dynamic composition of simulation models. This dissertation has separately studied three key technologies which closely related with service discovery: service description, service matching, and service selection.
Firstly, the dissertation introduces existing Web service description models and the concept, express languages, and uses of ontology. After analyzing the semantics construct of simulation model, a two-level ontology-base description model for simulation service is proposed and the simulation service description ontology based on OWL-S/WSDL is build, which describes the technique, syntactic, semantic, and concept information of simulation service. Then the simulation domain ontology, concept, and simulation service description ontology are formalized. Finally, aiming to the deficiency of OWL-S to express dynamic behavior, a behavior ontology specification based on CADM (Core Architecture Data Model) is build, which can be used to support the expression and storage of behavior information.
Secondly, based on the semantic description model for simulation service, a matchmaking model named“five types and three levels”is presented. Considering the difficult to construct the domain ontology and the matching efficiency, the type of Similarity Matchmaking, which is based on the semantics similarity degree, is stressed. Different similarity degree calculating formulas for description information of different level are established, and two key matching algorithms for semantic computing are studied. Finally, the performance of the matching method is compared with the existing web service discovery methods.
Based on the characteristic of distributed simulation and the Quality of Service for Web Service, the Quality of Service for Simulation service (QoSS) is build and the aggregating rules based on graph is given, which can be used to guide the attribute calculating of composite QoSS. Furthermore, the QoSS-driven simulation service selection problem is modeled as a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem, and the multi-objective plan model according to the characteristic of QoSS is build. Aiming to deferent user’s requirements, the plan model can be solved by two different ways, and the algorithms based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are provided with: Multi-objective and Multi-solution PSO (MMPSO) and Preference-Based PSO (PBPSO). MMPSO can achieve a group of Prato optimal solutions and PBPSO can only provide single solution. Finally, the performance of algorithms is analyzed and the applying situation of selection strategy is discussed.
(3) Design and implementation of prototype
Based on the above methods and technologies, combined with the fruits of our lab, a SOA-based Simulation environment - SOASim is designed, and the prototype and tools are implemented. SOASim can provide automated support for the design, development, publishing, deploying, discovery, composition and execution of simulation service. At last, an example is given to demonstrate the prototype system and partly validate the above approach and technologies.
本文以新兴的面向服务计算为背景,研究如何利用Web服务技术来支持仿真模型的重用和组合,从而提高可组合仿真的开发效率。论文主要从基于SOA的仿真方法和仿真模型服务发现技术两个方面进行了研究,内容主要包括提供理论和方法论指导的基于SOA的建模与仿真框架研究,针对仿真服务发现的仿真服务描述、匹配及选择技术研究,基于SOA的建模仿真环境的设计与实现等。论文的主要工作及创新体现为以下几个方面:
(1)基于SOA的建模与仿真框架
论文首先对基于SOA的仿真、仿真服务等关键概念进行了阐述,给出了基于SOA的仿真开发过程,并对基于SOA的仿真的优势与挑战进行了探讨;在此基础上对基于SOA的仿真高层体系结构进行了探讨,提出了一个本体驱动开放仿真体系结构,该体系结构由本体层、管理层和仿真/资源层构成,并详细分析了各个层次的功能需求和特点;进而建立了基于SOA的仿真过程模型,即仿真服务组合参考模型,对仿真服务组合的基本术语、过程视图及技术框架进行了分析;最后提出了一个基于SOA的开放建模与仿真框架SOMSF来指导基于SOA的仿真实践,并对SOMSF的体系结构、仿真开发流程,以及仿真模型的组合框架进行了详细阐述,分析了框架中所面临的关键技术问题。该框架能够为大范围内仿真资源的重用和共享,以及技术、语法、语义、语用和概念层次的仿真模型可组合性提供全面支持。
(2)仿真服务发现技术
在面向服务架构下,仿真服务发现是基于SOA的仿真中实现仿真模型组合建模的重要前提,论文分别对仿真服务描述、匹配和选择三个与仿真服务发现密切相关的关键技术进行了深入研究。
论文首先介绍了现有Web服务描述模型和本体的基本概念、表示方法及作用,在深入分析仿真模型语义组成的基础上,提出了一个基于两层本体的仿真服务描述模型,并基于OWL-S/WSDL构建了仿真服务描述本体,实现了对仿真服务从技术→语法→语义→语用→概念的描述。在此基础上,对仿真领域本体、概念及仿真服务描述本体进行了形式化定义。最后,针对现有Web服务描述本体OWL-S Profile对仿真模型动态行为描述的不足,基于DoDAF中的CADM构建了仿真服务的行为本体规范,用于支持仿真服务语用信息的表示和存储。
基于仿真服务的语义描述模型,构建了包含“三个层次”和“五种类型”的仿真服务匹配模型。考虑到本体构建的难度以及匹配效率,论文重点对基于语义相似度的仿真服务匹配类型进行了深入探讨,分别为不同层次的仿真服务相似度匹配建立了相应的语义相似度计算函数,在此基础上对语义计算中的两个关键匹配算法进行了研究,并结合现有的Web服务发现技术对该方法的性能进行了对比分析。
在对分布式仿真的基本特征进行深入分析的基础上,结合现有的Web服务质量模型构建了仿真服务质量模型及其基于图的聚合规则,为仿真服务的服务质量属性计算提供依据。在此基础上将仿真服务质量驱动的仿真服务的选择问题建模为一个多目标的组合优化问题,并结合仿真服务质量模型的特征建立了相应的多目标规划模型。针对不同的用户需求,分别建立了获取多组解和单个解的多目标问题求解模型,并基于粒子群算法提供了相应的模型求解算法,即多目标粒子群算法MMPSO和带偏好的粒子群算法PBPSO。最后对算法性能进行了分析,并对选择策略的适用情况进行了讨论。
(3)原型系统的设计与实现
最后,在前述的方法论及相关关键技术研究的基础上,结合本实验室已有的研究成果,论文设计并初步实现了一个基于SOA的仿真环境SOASim。该原型系统能够为仿真服务的设计、开发、发布、部署、发现、组合及运行提供自动化支持,并结合具体课题应用对原型系统及相关关键技术进行了初步验证。
The development of technology has evolved system to system of systems. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) for these complex systems is focused on the coalition/joint development of models and simulation, and resources owned by different organizations or domains are reused and composed to meet the requirements of multidisciplinary cooperative simulation and multi-system joint simulation. The joint simulation for system of systems has demanded more M&S reusability and interoperability, and composable simulation has been the hot topics of M&S of complex systems. As a very important content, model composability has been one of the key research problems of composable simulation.
Taking the Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) as the technology background, this dissertation has made an in-depth research on how to facilitate simulation model reuse and composition with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Service to promote the efficiency of composable simulation. From the views of SOA-based simulation approach and the discovery of simulation model services, the main content of the thesis are included: research of the SOA-based framework for modeling and simulation, the key technologies of simulation services description, mismatching, and selection, which are related to simulation service discovery; the design of the SOA-based simulation environment and the implementation of its prototype. The main work and innovations of this dissertation include the following parts:
(1) The SOA-based framework for modeling and simulation
First of all, the conceptual framework of SOA-based simulation is studied. SOA-based simulation and simulation service are explicitly defined, and the development process of SOA-based simulation and its advantage and challenge are discussed. After that, the high-level architecture of SOA-based simulation are explored, and a conceptual architecture is presented, which is Ontology-driven Open Simulation Architecture (OOSA), and the process model of SOA-based simulation, i.e. simulation service compositon, and some terms, the process view and technique framework are dicussed. Based on the above research, the SOA-based Open Modeling and Simulaiton Framework (SOMSF) is presented. The structure, functions and the related technologies in SOMSF are explored, and the key technologies involved in the thesis are explicated. SOMSF can provide overall support for technical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and concept composability.
(2) Simulation service discovery
Under SOA, simulation service discovery is a prior precondition to reuse and dynamic composition of simulation models. This dissertation has separately studied three key technologies which closely related with service discovery: service description, service matching, and service selection.
Firstly, the dissertation introduces existing Web service description models and the concept, express languages, and uses of ontology. After analyzing the semantics construct of simulation model, a two-level ontology-base description model for simulation service is proposed and the simulation service description ontology based on OWL-S/WSDL is build, which describes the technique, syntactic, semantic, and concept information of simulation service. Then the simulation domain ontology, concept, and simulation service description ontology are formalized. Finally, aiming to the deficiency of OWL-S to express dynamic behavior, a behavior ontology specification based on CADM (Core Architecture Data Model) is build, which can be used to support the expression and storage of behavior information.
Secondly, based on the semantic description model for simulation service, a matchmaking model named“five types and three levels”is presented. Considering the difficult to construct the domain ontology and the matching efficiency, the type of Similarity Matchmaking, which is based on the semantics similarity degree, is stressed. Different similarity degree calculating formulas for description information of different level are established, and two key matching algorithms for semantic computing are studied. Finally, the performance of the matching method is compared with the existing web service discovery methods.
Based on the characteristic of distributed simulation and the Quality of Service for Web Service, the Quality of Service for Simulation service (QoSS) is build and the aggregating rules based on graph is given, which can be used to guide the attribute calculating of composite QoSS. Furthermore, the QoSS-driven simulation service selection problem is modeled as a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem, and the multi-objective plan model according to the characteristic of QoSS is build. Aiming to deferent user’s requirements, the plan model can be solved by two different ways, and the algorithms based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are provided with: Multi-objective and Multi-solution PSO (MMPSO) and Preference-Based PSO (PBPSO). MMPSO can achieve a group of Prato optimal solutions and PBPSO can only provide single solution. Finally, the performance of algorithms is analyzed and the applying situation of selection strategy is discussed.
(3) Design and implementation of prototype
Based on the above methods and technologies, combined with the fruits of our lab, a SOA-based Simulation environment - SOASim is designed, and the prototype and tools are implemented. SOASim can provide automated support for the design, development, publishing, deploying, discovery, composition and execution of simulation service. At last, an example is given to demonstrate the prototype system and partly validate the above approach and technologies.
引文
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