交际翻译理论指导下公示语的汉英翻译
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摘要
随着全球化步伐的加快,中国与世界各国的交流不断增多,城市公共场所的公示语配上英语译文也已经成为普遍现象。在公共场所双语标识越来越多的同时,各种不规范的翻译甚至误译现象也不断出现,严重影响了我国的国际形象。为改善公共场所的汉英双语环境和人文环境,更好地服务于对外宣传与交流,提高公示语的翻译质量成为一项紧迫的任务。
本文立足汉语公示语英译的现状,基于公示语定义、分类、功能和语言特征,例举的大量来自于期刊,书籍,论文和翻译网站的公示语,通过对英汉公示语的比较分析,找出公示语汉英翻译中存在的问题,并尝试把纽马克的交际翻译作为公示语汉英翻译的指导。
通过研究发现汉语公示语英译的问题主要出现在拼写、语法和词汇的语言层面和汉语风格的英语、过于强硬的语气和误用不同文化内涵的表达的文化层面。纽马克认为采取何种翻译法取决于文本类型、受众身份和翻译目的三个因素。根据他的文本类型理论,公示语的文本可以分为表达型文本、信息型文本和呼唤型文本。在翻译过程中译者应分别遵循遵循作者、真实性和读者第一的原则。汉语公示语的英译应充分考虑到目的语读者的身份,用地道的措辞和表达实现跨文化交际的目的。在交际翻译理论的指导下本文提出了提高译者双语能力和责任感、尊重英语国家公示语表达习惯、注重公示语语用功能和美学特征等翻译建议。
With the speeding up of globalization, China has gets more opportunities to communicate with countries all over the world. Offering English version for the Chinese public signs in public places has become a common phenomenon. However, with the increasing of English public signs, many improper or even wrong versions come to exist, which derogate the image of China. In order to improve the bilingual public sign and human and culture environment and provide good service for international communicating activities, improving the quality of public signs has become an urgent task.
Based on the current situation of C-E translation of public signs, by introducing the definition, classification, function and stylistic features of public signs, analyzing the differences between Chinese and English signs and providing lots of examples of signs which are from journals, books, thesis, and translation websites, the thesis finds out problems in sign translation, and attempts to adopt communicative approach as a theoretical guidance for C-E translation of public signs.
The research shows that the main problems in C-E translation of public signs lie in spelling, grammar and lexicon in the language aspect, and chinglish, harsh mood and misusing expression with different cultural connotations from the cultural aspect. According to Newmark, the translation method is decided by text type, the nature of readership and purpose of translation. Thus the text of public signs can be divided into expressive, informative, and vocative text accordingly. In the process of translation, the translator should abide by the author, fidelity and reader first principle and take the readership into consideration in order to realize cross-cultural communication by using idiomatic expression. Under the direction of communicative translation approach, the thesis put forward that the translator should improve their language proficiency in both source and target language and possess a high sense of responsibility, respect the habit of expression in English-speaking countries, attach importance on the pragmatic functions and explore aesthetic features of signs.
本文立足汉语公示语英译的现状,基于公示语定义、分类、功能和语言特征,例举的大量来自于期刊,书籍,论文和翻译网站的公示语,通过对英汉公示语的比较分析,找出公示语汉英翻译中存在的问题,并尝试把纽马克的交际翻译作为公示语汉英翻译的指导。
通过研究发现汉语公示语英译的问题主要出现在拼写、语法和词汇的语言层面和汉语风格的英语、过于强硬的语气和误用不同文化内涵的表达的文化层面。纽马克认为采取何种翻译法取决于文本类型、受众身份和翻译目的三个因素。根据他的文本类型理论,公示语的文本可以分为表达型文本、信息型文本和呼唤型文本。在翻译过程中译者应分别遵循遵循作者、真实性和读者第一的原则。汉语公示语的英译应充分考虑到目的语读者的身份,用地道的措辞和表达实现跨文化交际的目的。在交际翻译理论的指导下本文提出了提高译者双语能力和责任感、尊重英语国家公示语表达习惯、注重公示语语用功能和美学特征等翻译建议。
With the speeding up of globalization, China has gets more opportunities to communicate with countries all over the world. Offering English version for the Chinese public signs in public places has become a common phenomenon. However, with the increasing of English public signs, many improper or even wrong versions come to exist, which derogate the image of China. In order to improve the bilingual public sign and human and culture environment and provide good service for international communicating activities, improving the quality of public signs has become an urgent task.
Based on the current situation of C-E translation of public signs, by introducing the definition, classification, function and stylistic features of public signs, analyzing the differences between Chinese and English signs and providing lots of examples of signs which are from journals, books, thesis, and translation websites, the thesis finds out problems in sign translation, and attempts to adopt communicative approach as a theoretical guidance for C-E translation of public signs.
The research shows that the main problems in C-E translation of public signs lie in spelling, grammar and lexicon in the language aspect, and chinglish, harsh mood and misusing expression with different cultural connotations from the cultural aspect. According to Newmark, the translation method is decided by text type, the nature of readership and purpose of translation. Thus the text of public signs can be divided into expressive, informative, and vocative text accordingly. In the process of translation, the translator should abide by the author, fidelity and reader first principle and take the readership into consideration in order to realize cross-cultural communication by using idiomatic expression. Under the direction of communicative translation approach, the thesis put forward that the translator should improve their language proficiency in both source and target language and possess a high sense of responsibility, respect the habit of expression in English-speaking countries, attach importance on the pragmatic functions and explore aesthetic features of signs.
引文
陈淑莹. 2006.标识语英译的语用失误探析.四川外语学院学报, (1):117-120
段连城. 1998.对外传播学初探.北京:中国建设出版社.
贺学耘. 2006.汉语公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略. (3): 57-59
何自然. 1998.语用学与英语学习.上海:上海外语教育出版社
黄友义. 2005.从翻译工作者的权利到外宣翻译——在首届公示语大会上的讲话.中国翻译. (6)
蒋宏. 2007.目的论指导下汉英公示语翻译.山东教育学院学报. (5): 99-102
李怀奎.李怀宏. 2004.景观标识名称汉译英的语用等效研究.上海科技翻译.(1):32-35
李玉良.于巧峰. 2008.汉语标识语的英译原则.上海翻译. (1):42-45
梁晓冬. 1997.民族心理差异与商标翻译,上海科技翻译, (3):23-25
吕和发. 2005.公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究.术语标准化与信息技术, (2):21-26
吕和发. 2004.公示语的汉英翻译.中国科技翻译, (17):38-40
吕和发. 2005.欧洲11国公示语应用状况考察实录.广告大观(标识版), 9:43-49
刘建刚.闫建华. 2005.论告示的语用等效翻译.上海翻译.(4):32-35
刘金龙.叶红卫, 2007.公示语翻译:回顾、现状与展望——“第二届全国公示语翻译研讨会”综述,上海工程技术大学教育研究, 4:63-65.
陆志慧,马广惠. 2008.英译公示语的语用失误探析—以南京为例.文教资料,3:46-47.
毛荣贵. 2002.什么是转基因动物[A].中国翻译, (5)
莫红利.金美兰.2008.从功能翻译理论看汉语公示语的英译.湖州师范学院学报,10(5): 113-117
牛新生. 2008.公示语文本类型与翻译探析.外语教学. (3):89-92
潘立谢建平汉语公示语的语言特点及语用翻译策略浙江理工大学报(3): 466-469
潘立. 2008.公示语汉英语用翻译的审美探微.云梦学刊,29(5):139-141
任静生.2001.公共揭示语汉译英错误剖析.合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版), 15(2):103-106
王宁武.杨林.康鹄伟. 2006.从“目的论”的角度析公示语的汉英翻译.牡丹江教育学院学报,4:50-52
王银泉.陈新仁. 2004,城市标识用语英译失误及其实例剖析.中国翻译,25 (2):81-82
王白涛.唐静文. 2007.改进公示语翻译现状之策略.电影文学,4:58-59
魏乐琴.王波. 2009.从“目的论”谈旅游公示语的英译.湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版),12:119-120
吴伟雄. 1998.中文标语英译浅谈.中国翻译, 1:35-38
杨永和.刘丽.靳湛然.向娟. 2009.长株潭城市群公示语现状分析及对策研究.湖南工程学院学报,4: 29-32
杨永和. 2009.我国公示语的社会语用分析.外语学刊
余富林. 2003.英汉汉英揭示语手册.上海交通大学出版社.
张南峰2004中西译学批评北京清华大学出版社97-105
张晶晶. 2009.功能翻译理论下公示语的汉英翻译.语文学刊:外语教育与教学,3:85-86
张涛. 2009.从纽马克交际翻译的角度来谈汉语公示语的英译.商业文化, 2:159-160
张美芳. 2006 .澳门公示牌语言及其翻译研究.上海翻译.(1):20-34
赵秋荣.刘敏霞. 2008.功能目的语在公示语翻译中的应用.牡丹江大学学报,(1):101-102
赵湘. 2006.公示语翻译研究综述.外语与外语教学, 12:52-52
钟庆伦.刘笑歌2009.洛阳旅游景区公示语翻译规范化研究.洛阳理工学院学报(社会科学版)24(6):12-15
周政权. 2009.公示语翻译研究:理论回顾与反思.四川教育学院学报, 25(11):87-89 6571论坛. 2005.我院“e-signs.info”荣获“北京市公共双语标识规范活动”首个“月大奖[2009-11-15] http://www.6571.net/thread-35035-1-1.html
中国网.2005.公示语翻译水平亟待提高首届研讨会在京举行[2009-12-10] http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/news/981819.htm
世博网. 2008. Brief Introduction of World Expo Shanghai [2010-01-06] http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20081116/000004.htm
Bassnet, Susan. 1991. Translation Studies .London Routledge: 34 Cenoz, J.& Gorter, D. 2006. Linguistic landscape and minority languages. The International Journal of Multilingualism, 3:67
Hatim & Mason. 1990 Discourse and Translator. London. New York.
Jenny Thomas. 1983. Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure. In Applied Linguistics. OPU. Vol.4. (2).
Nida, Eugene A. 1993. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. New York. Prentice Hall.
Newmark, Peter. 1981. Communicative and Semantic Translation. Approach to Translation. New York Pergamum Press
段连城. 1998.对外传播学初探.北京:中国建设出版社.
贺学耘. 2006.汉语公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略. (3): 57-59
何自然. 1998.语用学与英语学习.上海:上海外语教育出版社
黄友义. 2005.从翻译工作者的权利到外宣翻译——在首届公示语大会上的讲话.中国翻译. (6)
蒋宏. 2007.目的论指导下汉英公示语翻译.山东教育学院学报. (5): 99-102
李怀奎.李怀宏. 2004.景观标识名称汉译英的语用等效研究.上海科技翻译.(1):32-35
李玉良.于巧峰. 2008.汉语标识语的英译原则.上海翻译. (1):42-45
梁晓冬. 1997.民族心理差异与商标翻译,上海科技翻译, (3):23-25
吕和发. 2005.公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究.术语标准化与信息技术, (2):21-26
吕和发. 2004.公示语的汉英翻译.中国科技翻译, (17):38-40
吕和发. 2005.欧洲11国公示语应用状况考察实录.广告大观(标识版), 9:43-49
刘建刚.闫建华. 2005.论告示的语用等效翻译.上海翻译.(4):32-35
刘金龙.叶红卫, 2007.公示语翻译:回顾、现状与展望——“第二届全国公示语翻译研讨会”综述,上海工程技术大学教育研究, 4:63-65.
陆志慧,马广惠. 2008.英译公示语的语用失误探析—以南京为例.文教资料,3:46-47.
毛荣贵. 2002.什么是转基因动物[A].中国翻译, (5)
莫红利.金美兰.2008.从功能翻译理论看汉语公示语的英译.湖州师范学院学报,10(5): 113-117
牛新生. 2008.公示语文本类型与翻译探析.外语教学. (3):89-92
潘立谢建平汉语公示语的语言特点及语用翻译策略浙江理工大学报(3): 466-469
潘立. 2008.公示语汉英语用翻译的审美探微.云梦学刊,29(5):139-141
任静生.2001.公共揭示语汉译英错误剖析.合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版), 15(2):103-106
王宁武.杨林.康鹄伟. 2006.从“目的论”的角度析公示语的汉英翻译.牡丹江教育学院学报,4:50-52
王银泉.陈新仁. 2004,城市标识用语英译失误及其实例剖析.中国翻译,25 (2):81-82
王白涛.唐静文. 2007.改进公示语翻译现状之策略.电影文学,4:58-59
魏乐琴.王波. 2009.从“目的论”谈旅游公示语的英译.湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版),12:119-120
吴伟雄. 1998.中文标语英译浅谈.中国翻译, 1:35-38
杨永和.刘丽.靳湛然.向娟. 2009.长株潭城市群公示语现状分析及对策研究.湖南工程学院学报,4: 29-32
杨永和. 2009.我国公示语的社会语用分析.外语学刊
余富林. 2003.英汉汉英揭示语手册.上海交通大学出版社.
张南峰2004中西译学批评北京清华大学出版社97-105
张晶晶. 2009.功能翻译理论下公示语的汉英翻译.语文学刊:外语教育与教学,3:85-86
张涛. 2009.从纽马克交际翻译的角度来谈汉语公示语的英译.商业文化, 2:159-160
张美芳. 2006 .澳门公示牌语言及其翻译研究.上海翻译.(1):20-34
赵秋荣.刘敏霞. 2008.功能目的语在公示语翻译中的应用.牡丹江大学学报,(1):101-102
赵湘. 2006.公示语翻译研究综述.外语与外语教学, 12:52-52
钟庆伦.刘笑歌2009.洛阳旅游景区公示语翻译规范化研究.洛阳理工学院学报(社会科学版)24(6):12-15
周政权. 2009.公示语翻译研究:理论回顾与反思.四川教育学院学报, 25(11):87-89 6571论坛. 2005.我院“e-signs.info”荣获“北京市公共双语标识规范活动”首个“月大奖[2009-11-15] http://www.6571.net/thread-35035-1-1.html
中国网.2005.公示语翻译水平亟待提高首届研讨会在京举行[2009-12-10] http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/news/981819.htm
世博网. 2008. Brief Introduction of World Expo Shanghai [2010-01-06] http://en.expo2010.cn/a/20081116/000004.htm
Bassnet, Susan. 1991. Translation Studies .London Routledge: 34 Cenoz, J.& Gorter, D. 2006. Linguistic landscape and minority languages. The International Journal of Multilingualism, 3:67
Hatim & Mason. 1990 Discourse and Translator. London. New York.
Jenny Thomas. 1983. Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure. In Applied Linguistics. OPU. Vol.4. (2).
Nida, Eugene A. 1993. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. New York. Prentice Hall.
Newmark, Peter. 1981. Communicative and Semantic Translation. Approach to Translation. New York Pergamum Press