文体分析在科技英语汉译中的应用
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摘要
本文旨在从文体学的角度探讨科技英语汉译的相关原则和方法。
研究科技英语翻译的角度多种多样。传统的研究方法是从语言学角度探讨翻
译，而本文从较新的、文体学的角度来研究翻译。作者认为，除了要对科技英语
进行一般的语言学分析，还要对其进行文体特征的分析。由于科学技术内容的特
定性，必然影响语言形式，因而科技语言必然带上显著的文体特征，即准确、简
明、清晰及严谨。对科技英语进行文体分析，再将这些文体特点反映在汉语译文
中，将有助于使译文忠实于原文的意义与文体，从而产生优秀的科技翻译作品。
本文以篇章忠实为目的，从词、句等各层次着手，探讨如何使翻译达到意义
与文体的忠实。各层次翻译的探讨始终借助于对文体的分析，且文体的分析贯穿
在翻译活动的理解原文与将原文表达成科技汉语这两个阶段。
在各层次的翻译研究中，本文重点探讨了篇章的衔接与连贯—科技英语最突
出的特点，这就打破了以往科技翻译研究中往往以句子为最大研究单位的局限，
从而从总体上使译文达到忠实。
文中所研究的科技英语材料涉及机械、医学、电学、化学等各领域，所引例
句多从近两年内的出版物中选取。
This paper sets out to study principles and techniques of the translation of EST
from the perspective of stylistics.
There are many perspectives from which EST translation can be studied. The
traditional method to study EST translation has been prevalently based on linguistic
analysis. However, the author of the present paper adopts the method of stylistic
analysis to study EST translation. It is argued in the paper that besides the general
linguistic analysis, the analysis of style should also be made in translating EST. The
special content of science and technology inevitably influences the language form, and
therefore, the language for science and technology certainly takes on its unique
stylistic features. The stylistic features of EST include preciseness, conciseness, clarity
and strictness in organization. The analysis of EST style and the subsequent
reproduction of its style will help to achieve faithfulness in meaning and in style,
which will bring about good translations.
The paper investigates how to achieve faithfulness in meaning and style in EST
translation on the levels of words, sentences, etc., with faithfulness of discourse as its
ultimate goal. The investigation of translation on each level is made by means of
stylistic analysis which runs through study of the whole process of translating?
understanding the original text and turning it into corresponding CST (Chinese for
Science and Technology).
Among different levels of translation study, the paper puts special emphasis on the
cohesion and coherence, the most prominent stylistic features of EST on the levcl of
discourse. This differs from the previous studies which have taken a sentence as the
largest unit of study, and helps to achieve faithfulness of a translation as a whole.
The EST materials used in this paper involve such fields as mechanics, medicine,
electronics and chemistry, and most examples are extracted from the publications in recent two years.
研究科技英语翻译的角度多种多样。传统的研究方法是从语言学角度探讨翻
译，而本文从较新的、文体学的角度来研究翻译。作者认为，除了要对科技英语
进行一般的语言学分析，还要对其进行文体特征的分析。由于科学技术内容的特
定性，必然影响语言形式，因而科技语言必然带上显著的文体特征，即准确、简
明、清晰及严谨。对科技英语进行文体分析，再将这些文体特点反映在汉语译文
中，将有助于使译文忠实于原文的意义与文体，从而产生优秀的科技翻译作品。
本文以篇章忠实为目的，从词、句等各层次着手，探讨如何使翻译达到意义
与文体的忠实。各层次翻译的探讨始终借助于对文体的分析，且文体的分析贯穿
在翻译活动的理解原文与将原文表达成科技汉语这两个阶段。
在各层次的翻译研究中，本文重点探讨了篇章的衔接与连贯—科技英语最突
出的特点，这就打破了以往科技翻译研究中往往以句子为最大研究单位的局限，
从而从总体上使译文达到忠实。
文中所研究的科技英语材料涉及机械、医学、电学、化学等各领域，所引例
句多从近两年内的出版物中选取。
This paper sets out to study principles and techniques of the translation of EST
from the perspective of stylistics.
There are many perspectives from which EST translation can be studied. The
traditional method to study EST translation has been prevalently based on linguistic
analysis. However, the author of the present paper adopts the method of stylistic
analysis to study EST translation. It is argued in the paper that besides the general
linguistic analysis, the analysis of style should also be made in translating EST. The
special content of science and technology inevitably influences the language form, and
therefore, the language for science and technology certainly takes on its unique
stylistic features. The stylistic features of EST include preciseness, conciseness, clarity
and strictness in organization. The analysis of EST style and the subsequent
reproduction of its style will help to achieve faithfulness in meaning and in style,
which will bring about good translations.
The paper investigates how to achieve faithfulness in meaning and style in EST
translation on the levels of words, sentences, etc., with faithfulness of discourse as its
ultimate goal. The investigation of translation on each level is made by means of
stylistic analysis which runs through study of the whole process of translating?
understanding the original text and turning it into corresponding CST (Chinese for
Science and Technology).
Among different levels of translation study, the paper puts special emphasis on the
cohesion and coherence, the most prominent stylistic features of EST on the levcl of
discourse. This differs from the previous studies which have taken a sentence as the
largest unit of study, and helps to achieve faithfulness of a translation as a whole.
The EST materials used in this paper involve such fields as mechanics, medicine,
electronics and chemistry, and most examples are extracted from the publications in recent two years.
引文
1. Bhatia, V.K. 1993. Analysing genre: language use in professional settings. New York: Longman Group UK Limited.
2. Day, Robert A. 1995. Scientific English: a guide for scientists and other professionals. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press.
3. Georgako poulou, A.& Goutsos D. 1997. Discourse analysis: an introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4. Li, Fuyin & kuiper, Koenraad. 1999. Semantics: a course book. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
5. Markel, Mike. 1994. Writing in the technical fields: a step-by-step guide for engineers, scientists, and technicians. New York: IEEE Press.
6. Nida, E.A. 1982. The theory and practice of translation. Leiden, the Netherlands: E. J. Brill.
7. Nord, Christiane. 1991. Text analysis in translation. Amsterdam. ISBN.
8. Sandig, Barbara & Selting, M. 1997. Discourse Style. In Discourse as structure and process, ed. Teun A. Van Dijk. 139-145.
9．薄冰(1990)，《高级英语语法》，高等教育出版社，北京。
10．陈莉萍(2000)，《专门用途英语研究》，复旦大学出版社，上海。
11．陈新(1999)，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京大学出版社，北京。
12．程雨民(2000)，《英语语体学》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
13．丁一(1998)，怎样对待科技新词的命名，《中国科技翻译》，第2期，31-34页。
14．方梦之(1998)，《英语科技文体：范式与应用》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
15．高永照、程勇(1998)，《科技英语的文体写作与翻译》，学苑出版社，武汉。
16．郭著章、李庆生(1998)，《英汉互译实用教程》，武汉大学出版社，武汉。
17．韩其顺、王学铭(2000)，《英汉科技翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
18．何固佳(1998)，科技英语语言特点，《中国科技翻译》，第4期，8-11页。
19．侯维瑞(1998)，《英语语体》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
20．胡壮麟(2000)，《语篇的衔接与连贯》，复旦大学出版社，上海。
21．杰弗里·N·利奇(1998)，《语义学》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
22．李运兴(1998)，《英汉语篇翻译》，清华大学出版社，北京。
23．刘宓庆(1998)，《文体与翻译》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
24．卢欣渝(1999)，科技新词汇译名的统一问题—漫谈因特网词汇，《中国科技翻译》，第4期，第37-39页。
25．孙梅林(1998)，科技英语静态结构和被动语态，《上海科技翻译》，第2期，24-25页。
26．谭载喜(1999)，《新编奈达论翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司，北京。
27．许明武 樊葳葳(1999)，论科技英语复合名词的翻译方法，《中国科技翻译》第3期，第3-16页。
28．王佐良、丁往道(1998)，《英语文体学引论》，外语教学与研究出版社，北京。
29．王丽娜(1999)，《科技英语选读—制造业·汽车技术》，外文出版社，北京。
30．杨福玲(2000)，科技英语翻译—语言与专业知识的融合，《中国科技翻译》，第3期，37-40页。
31．周笃宝(1999)，英语的粘着性与科技翻译，《中国科技翻译》，第1期，1-4页。
32．周秋琴(2000)，也谈科技文体与科技翻译，《中国科技翻译》，第2期，40-42页。
2. Day, Robert A. 1995. Scientific English: a guide for scientists and other professionals. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press.
3. Georgako poulou, A.& Goutsos D. 1997. Discourse analysis: an introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4. Li, Fuyin & kuiper, Koenraad. 1999. Semantics: a course book. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
5. Markel, Mike. 1994. Writing in the technical fields: a step-by-step guide for engineers, scientists, and technicians. New York: IEEE Press.
6. Nida, E.A. 1982. The theory and practice of translation. Leiden, the Netherlands: E. J. Brill.
7. Nord, Christiane. 1991. Text analysis in translation. Amsterdam. ISBN.
8. Sandig, Barbara & Selting, M. 1997. Discourse Style. In Discourse as structure and process, ed. Teun A. Van Dijk. 139-145.
9．薄冰(1990)，《高级英语语法》，高等教育出版社，北京。
10．陈莉萍(2000)，《专门用途英语研究》，复旦大学出版社，上海。
11．陈新(1999)，《英汉文体翻译教程》，北京大学出版社，北京。
12．程雨民(2000)，《英语语体学》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
13．丁一(1998)，怎样对待科技新词的命名，《中国科技翻译》，第2期，31-34页。
14．方梦之(1998)，《英语科技文体：范式与应用》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
15．高永照、程勇(1998)，《科技英语的文体写作与翻译》，学苑出版社，武汉。
16．郭著章、李庆生(1998)，《英汉互译实用教程》，武汉大学出版社，武汉。
17．韩其顺、王学铭(2000)，《英汉科技翻译教程》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
18．何固佳(1998)，科技英语语言特点，《中国科技翻译》，第4期，8-11页。
19．侯维瑞(1998)，《英语语体》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
20．胡壮麟(2000)，《语篇的衔接与连贯》，复旦大学出版社，上海。
21．杰弗里·N·利奇(1998)，《语义学》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
22．李运兴(1998)，《英汉语篇翻译》，清华大学出版社，北京。
23．刘宓庆(1998)，《文体与翻译》，上海外语教育出版社，上海。
24．卢欣渝(1999)，科技新词汇译名的统一问题—漫谈因特网词汇，《中国科技翻译》，第4期，第37-39页。
25．孙梅林(1998)，科技英语静态结构和被动语态，《上海科技翻译》，第2期，24-25页。
26．谭载喜(1999)，《新编奈达论翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司，北京。
27．许明武 樊葳葳(1999)，论科技英语复合名词的翻译方法，《中国科技翻译》第3期，第3-16页。
28．王佐良、丁往道(1998)，《英语文体学引论》，外语教学与研究出版社，北京。
29．王丽娜(1999)，《科技英语选读—制造业·汽车技术》，外文出版社，北京。
30．杨福玲(2000)，科技英语翻译—语言与专业知识的融合，《中国科技翻译》，第3期，37-40页。
31．周笃宝(1999)，英语的粘着性与科技翻译，《中国科技翻译》，第1期，1-4页。
32．周秋琴(2000)，也谈科技文体与科技翻译，《中国科技翻译》，第2期，40-42页。