基于变频技术的地源热泵空调系统节能改造研究
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摘要
能源是国民经济发展的基础资源。地源热泵系统由于其具有节能效果好、利用可再生能源、环保效果好等优点,得到了广泛的应用。在地源热泵空调系统中,如何合理利用地热资源,达到进一步节能的要求而实现最佳的经济效益,是实现能源的可持续发展的关键之处。在地源热泵空调系统中,除主机的耗能外风机、深井泵、循环水泵是第二大耗能设备,因此降低水泵、风机机组的能耗对降低整个地源热泵空调系统的总能耗具有实际意义。
本文针对具体工程实例中采用的地源热泵空调系统运行现状,提出地源热泵空调系统变频技术改造的基本思路和方法。根据实际工程进行了变频改造的硬件设计与程序设计。首先根据现有系统特点进行水泵、风机的运行控制方式的设计,根据控制电路进行三菱FR系列变频器的设定与初始化设计。其中变频器的控制方式采用矢量控制方式,分析研究矢量控制原理,并对变频矢量控制系统进行了仿真分析。
然后针对地源热泵空调系统变频调速控制中所采用的控制方案,进行PLC的控制设计。对地源热泵空调控制系统改造中采用的三菱FX2N系列PLC,进行PLC控制变频调速系统的接线设计与控制方式设计。使得改造后的系统不仅可以按照实际负荷需求调节电机转速,降低能耗。还避免了电动机长期高速的运行,有效地延长了电机和机组的寿命。
同时根据本次改造的具体方案,结合现有系统中的设备进行PLC控制程序的流程设计,应用FX-GP/WIN-C软件完成地源热泵空调系统中PLC控制变频调速的程序设计。对PLC控制中PID运算模块进行了PID算法及其改进算法的应用分析研究。
最后对具体项目中的地源热泵空调系统进行使用频数统计,对变频改造后的地源热泵空调系统进行相关的节能计算。同时就变频改造需要的硬件设备通过市场调查进行成本分析。验证了改造后的地源热泵空调系统可以有效地节省能源,使设备高效而稳定运行。
At present,energy is the most important element for the development of states' economy.Because of the good energy-saving effect,using regenerate resource of energy,and no pollution,the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION is used more and more popular now.In the system of the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,the terminal devices what include the fan,the deep well pump,the circulate pump are the biggest energy-consumed part except the inner device as well as the compressor motor, etc.So it is very important and significant to make the terminal devices running in the most energy-saving condition.
In this paper,the author founded on the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION in Guangxi University,based on the actual project condition, made the redesign through the way of frequency conversion technology for the old system of GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION.At first, the equipments' running control system were improved following the energy-saving principle of fan and pump,choused Mitsubishi FR series frequency transducer with vector-control function,Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC and other auxiliary parts to make up of the auto-control system for the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,and then did the emulating analysis for the vector-control mode in the frequency conversion process.
In the next based the auto-control system,made the PLC control system designing.This system monitor the temperature and flux in accurate and real time,then input feedback to the plc,finally the terminal device running status will correspond to the customer's demanded-load,it can well meet the goal for saving energy and prolong the life of the motor and other device.
At the same time,designed the PLC control process,according to this transformation of the specific programme,programmed for the PLC by using the FX-GP/WIN-C programme software.Researched and analyses the PID algorithm and its improved algorithm for the PID Operational module in the PLC.
At last,through detailed analysis and accounted for energy-saving effect and the cost of the system-reforming,validated the profitability of this redesigned-project,and showed its feasibility and worth.
本文针对具体工程实例中采用的地源热泵空调系统运行现状,提出地源热泵空调系统变频技术改造的基本思路和方法。根据实际工程进行了变频改造的硬件设计与程序设计。首先根据现有系统特点进行水泵、风机的运行控制方式的设计,根据控制电路进行三菱FR系列变频器的设定与初始化设计。其中变频器的控制方式采用矢量控制方式,分析研究矢量控制原理,并对变频矢量控制系统进行了仿真分析。
然后针对地源热泵空调系统变频调速控制中所采用的控制方案,进行PLC的控制设计。对地源热泵空调控制系统改造中采用的三菱FX2N系列PLC,进行PLC控制变频调速系统的接线设计与控制方式设计。使得改造后的系统不仅可以按照实际负荷需求调节电机转速,降低能耗。还避免了电动机长期高速的运行,有效地延长了电机和机组的寿命。
同时根据本次改造的具体方案,结合现有系统中的设备进行PLC控制程序的流程设计,应用FX-GP/WIN-C软件完成地源热泵空调系统中PLC控制变频调速的程序设计。对PLC控制中PID运算模块进行了PID算法及其改进算法的应用分析研究。
最后对具体项目中的地源热泵空调系统进行使用频数统计,对变频改造后的地源热泵空调系统进行相关的节能计算。同时就变频改造需要的硬件设备通过市场调查进行成本分析。验证了改造后的地源热泵空调系统可以有效地节省能源,使设备高效而稳定运行。
At present,energy is the most important element for the development of states' economy.Because of the good energy-saving effect,using regenerate resource of energy,and no pollution,the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION is used more and more popular now.In the system of the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,the terminal devices what include the fan,the deep well pump,the circulate pump are the biggest energy-consumed part except the inner device as well as the compressor motor, etc.So it is very important and significant to make the terminal devices running in the most energy-saving condition.
In this paper,the author founded on the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION in Guangxi University,based on the actual project condition, made the redesign through the way of frequency conversion technology for the old system of GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION.At first, the equipments' running control system were improved following the energy-saving principle of fan and pump,choused Mitsubishi FR series frequency transducer with vector-control function,Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC and other auxiliary parts to make up of the auto-control system for the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,and then did the emulating analysis for the vector-control mode in the frequency conversion process.
In the next based the auto-control system,made the PLC control system designing.This system monitor the temperature and flux in accurate and real time,then input feedback to the plc,finally the terminal device running status will correspond to the customer's demanded-load,it can well meet the goal for saving energy and prolong the life of the motor and other device.
At the same time,designed the PLC control process,according to this transformation of the specific programme,programmed for the PLC by using the FX-GP/WIN-C programme software.Researched and analyses the PID algorithm and its improved algorithm for the PID Operational module in the PLC.
At last,through detailed analysis and accounted for energy-saving effect and the cost of the system-reforming,validated the profitability of this redesigned-project,and showed its feasibility and worth.
引文
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[4]何小龙,郑利强.地源热泵应用于水电站的前景.浙江水利科技,2002,3.
[5]Kavanaughs.A design method for commercial ground coupled heat pumps[J].ASHRAE Trans,1995,101(2):1088-1094.
[6]谢汝镛.地源热泵系统的设计.现代空调第三辑.2001,8.
[7]姜宝成,王永镖,李炳熙.地源热泵的技术经济性评价.哈尔滨工业大学报,2003,35(2).
[8]Marita L.Allan.Materials chanacterization of super plasticized cement-sand grout.Cement and Concrete Research,30.(2000).937-942.
[9]Burkhand Sanner,Constantine Karytsas,Dimitrios Mendrinos,Ladislaus Rybach.Current status of ground source heat pumps and underground thermal energy storage in Europe[J].Geothermics,2003,32:579-588.
[10]杨伟才.广州新体育馆空调冷冻水泵变频控制方案[J],制冷2007,3:66-69.
[11]赵力,涂光备等.混合工质在地热热泵系统中的实验研究.暖通空调,2002,32(3).
[12]范晓伟,付光轩.R744热泵系统研究动态.暖通空调,2002,32(1).
[13]颜爱斌.地源热泵应用的技术分析与思考.天津城市建设学院学报,2002,8(2).
[14]P.Ufursal,Performance and economic feasibility of ground source heat pumps in cold climate.International Journal of Energy Research,1997 V21n 10,857-870.
[15]杨大明.21世纪的绿色空调技术—地源热泵.内蒙古科技与经济,2002,9.
[16]何超.交流变频调速技术.[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,8.
[17]周希章 周全.电动机的起动、制动与调速.机械工业出版社,2001,1.
[18]杨诗成,王喜魁.泵与风机.中国电力出版社,2003,11.
[19]周芒.交流变频调整技术在中央空调系统节能改造中的应用[J].节能技术, 2001,(4):17-24.
[20]夏杰.三相异步电机的起动方法探讨.[J].中国科技信息,2008,2:62-63.
[21]Yong-Seok Kim.Seung-Ki Sui.A Novel Ride-Through System for Adjustable Speled Drives Using Common-Mode Voltage[D].A thesis for the degree of Master of Engineering of Seoul National University.2005.
[22]杨耕,罗应立.电机与运动控制系统.清华大学出版社,2006,3.
[23]汪前彬.变频驱动装置在离心式冷水机组中的应用.[J]制冷技术.2000,(2):2-37.
[24]Kouki Matsuse,Fellow,Shotaro Taniguchi.A Speed-Sensorless Vector Control of Induction Motor operating at High Efficiency Taking Core Loss into Account,2003:14-16.
[25]Wang LX.Stablead aptive fuzzy control of nonline a systems[J].IEEE Transs Fuzzy Syst,1993,1(2):146-155.
[26]马宁,孔红.S7-300PLC和MM440变频器的原理与应用.机械工业出版社,2006,9.
[27]沈锦飞.电源变换应用技术.机械工业出版社,2007,6.
[28]李宜达.控制系统设计与仿真.清华大学出版社,2004,8.
[29]Yan W S T,Luong H C.A 900 MHz CMOS Low-phase Noise Voltage-controlled Ring Oscillator[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2001,48:216-221..
[30]KAZMIERKOWSKI M P.et al.novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fed induction motor drive[J].IEEE Trans on IE,1991,38(1):41-47.
[31]薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计(Computer Aided Control Systems Design——Using MATLAB Language)——MATLAB语言与应用(第2版).清华大学出版社,2006,3
[32]VANDER BROECK H W,SKUDELY H C,STRANKE G V.Analysis and realization of a pulse width modulator based on voltage space vector[J].IEEE Transom IA,1998,24(1):142-150.
[33]龚仲华,史建成,孙毅.三菱FX/Q系列PLC应用技术.北京:人民邮电出版,2006.
[34]蔡淑珍,刘清波,杨文柱等.可编程控制器(PLC)在集中空调中央控制器中的应用.河北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,21(4):25-32.
[35]Hyo L.Liu,Nam S.Choi,Gyu H.Cho.DSP Based Space Vector PWM for Three-Level Inverter with DC-Link Voltage Balancing.1991,IECON'91:197-203.
[36]Bimal K.Bose.Artificial Neural Application in Power Electronics.2001, IECON'01:1631-1638.
[37]王书林,赵茜.电力牵引控制系统.中国电力出版社,2005,12.
[38]李宜达.控制系统设计与仿真.清华大学出版社,2004,8
[39]杨平,翁思义,郭平.自动控制原理.中国电力出版社,2006,9.
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