紫外光通信大气传输特性和调制技术研究
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摘要
紫外光通信是一种利用“日盲”特性进行散射通信的无线光通信方式,具有保密性好、抗干扰能力强及非视距等优点,非常适合于保密通信,但目前离实用化还有较远的距离。本文围绕紫外光通信的若干基础问题展开了初步的理论和实验研究,采用理论推导、仿真分析和样机测试相结合的方法,对大气传输理论、信道传输特性、调制技术及实验样机研制等内容做了深入细致地工作。
在详细论述紫外光大气传输理论的基础上,对紫外光的非视距单次散射和多次散射信道模型进行了理论分析和仿真模拟,进而提出了改进的基于蒙特卡洛方法的多次散射模型。将目前模型的基于共面散射角度大小的探测判定方法,改为采用空间距离的远近来判定的方法,从而将接收端探测判定的条件,从共面扩展为空间,更符合光子在空间传输时绝大多数都是非共面的实际情况；同时对模型建立过程中的计算量、精确度等进行了优化。利用多次散射模型,研究了紫外光通信信道的脉冲响应特性,获得了完整的信道响应结果,揭示了传输距离、收发端几何参数配置等对脉冲延迟、脉冲展宽及路径损耗等的影响。
建立了基于蒙特卡洛方法的各次散射对比模型,通过深入分析比较在不同光深度时,单次、二次及多次散射对接收能量的贡献率,认为在晴天天气下,光深度小于0.5时,采用单次散射进行信道建模是合理的,与Van de Hulst提出的单散射近似条件一致；利用此对比模型,首次研究了各次散射的权重、路径损耗及对能量贡献率等随距离增大时的变化趋势,为采用几次散射进行信道建模提供了参考；同时通过仿真,认为光子存活率对路径损耗影响相对较小。
分别在泊松和高斯两种噪声模式下,结合紫外光传输信道理论模型,建立了一套综合评估紫外光通信调制技术性能的数学模型。利用此评估模型,在OOK、PPM、DPPM及DPIM等四种不同调制制式下,综合分析了传输距离、发射功率、传输速率及误码率(或误包率)间的平衡关系,推导了在给定误包率条件下所需发射功率的公式,比较了功率利用率、带宽效率及实现复杂度,研究了收发仰角、调制阶数等对发射功率和带宽的影响。
提出了非视距紫外光散射通信样机系统的总体方案,设计并优化了紫外光通信实验样机的通信协议及软件架构。基于自主研发的STM32核心处理板,研究了发射和接收系统中的关键技术及其实现方法；提出了自适应能量阈值算法,解决了接收样机中如何寻找最佳判决门限的问题；成功研制了基于紫外LED和低压汞灯两种光源的实验用通信样机,实现了最高速率可达lOkbps的短距离语音通信,、为进一步开展紫外光通信理论分析、测试验证及实际应用提供了一个良好的平台。
UV communication is a kind of wireless optical scatter communication using "solar-blind"characteristics, has a good security, strong anti-jamming ability, non-line-of-sight and other advantages, and is very suitable for secure communication, but is still far from practical application now. This thesis carries out preliminary theoretical and experimental research on some basic problems of UV communication by means of theoretical derivation, simulation and prototype testing, and does a thorough and meticulous work on the atmospheric transmission theory, channel propagation characteristics, modulation technology and experimental prototype developed etc.
On the basis of a detailed discussion of the UV atmospheric propagation theory, UV non-line-of-sight single scattering and multiple scattering channel models are analyzed and simulated, and then an improved multiple scattering model based on Monte Carlo methods is proposed. The receiving terminal of currently model detects the photon according to the size of the coplanar scattering angle, we replace it with the range of the spatial distance, so the condition of the detection is extended from the coplanar to the space, which is more in line with the actual situation that transmission of the vast majority photons in space are non-coplanar. At the same time, the amount of computation and accuracy in the process of establishing the model are optimized. By using the multiple scattering model, we study the pulse response characteristics of the ultraviolet communication channel, obtain the integrate channel response results,and reveal the impact of the transmission distance, the transmitter and receiver geometry configuration parameters on the pulse delay, pulse broadening and path loss.
A scattering contrast channel model based on Monte Carlo method is created, through the simulation experiments, the single scattering approximation condition that Van de Hulst proposed in UV communication field is verified. The contribution ratio of the single, secondary and multiple scattering on the reception of energy are in-depth studied, which provides the basis for channel modeling using how many times of scattering; meanwhile the survival rate of photon effect on the path loss is relatively small.
In the Poisson and Gauss noise models, we systematically analyze the tradeoff among the transmission distance, power, rate and bit error rate (or packet error rate) in the OOK, PPM, DPPM and DPIM modulation with UV transmission channel model, derive in the required transmit power formula of the four kinds of modulation under a given packet error rate, and compare the power efficiency of the different modulation technology, bandwidth efficiency, implementation complexity, and the impact on the system performance by using of the different modulation order. The performances of the communication link are obtained according to the different modulation.
The general scheme of NLOS UV communication prototype system is put forward. Based on the STM32core processing board that we independently research and develope, we design and optimize the communication protocol of the UV communication test-bed and software architecture, propose an adaptive energy threshold algorithm. The key technologies of UV communication test-bed are systematically researched, and the architecture of the NLOS UV communication system is constructed, each component of the transceiver terminal and the methed of implementation are builded. Finally successfully develope two communication test-beds differently based on the light source of UV LED and low-pressure mercury lamp, the short-distance communication rate is up to lOkbps. These lay a foundation for the further development of ultraviolet communication theory analysis, test and practical application, and provide a good platform.
在详细论述紫外光大气传输理论的基础上,对紫外光的非视距单次散射和多次散射信道模型进行了理论分析和仿真模拟,进而提出了改进的基于蒙特卡洛方法的多次散射模型。将目前模型的基于共面散射角度大小的探测判定方法,改为采用空间距离的远近来判定的方法,从而将接收端探测判定的条件,从共面扩展为空间,更符合光子在空间传输时绝大多数都是非共面的实际情况；同时对模型建立过程中的计算量、精确度等进行了优化。利用多次散射模型,研究了紫外光通信信道的脉冲响应特性,获得了完整的信道响应结果,揭示了传输距离、收发端几何参数配置等对脉冲延迟、脉冲展宽及路径损耗等的影响。
建立了基于蒙特卡洛方法的各次散射对比模型,通过深入分析比较在不同光深度时,单次、二次及多次散射对接收能量的贡献率,认为在晴天天气下,光深度小于0.5时,采用单次散射进行信道建模是合理的,与Van de Hulst提出的单散射近似条件一致；利用此对比模型,首次研究了各次散射的权重、路径损耗及对能量贡献率等随距离增大时的变化趋势,为采用几次散射进行信道建模提供了参考；同时通过仿真,认为光子存活率对路径损耗影响相对较小。
分别在泊松和高斯两种噪声模式下,结合紫外光传输信道理论模型,建立了一套综合评估紫外光通信调制技术性能的数学模型。利用此评估模型,在OOK、PPM、DPPM及DPIM等四种不同调制制式下,综合分析了传输距离、发射功率、传输速率及误码率(或误包率)间的平衡关系,推导了在给定误包率条件下所需发射功率的公式,比较了功率利用率、带宽效率及实现复杂度,研究了收发仰角、调制阶数等对发射功率和带宽的影响。
提出了非视距紫外光散射通信样机系统的总体方案,设计并优化了紫外光通信实验样机的通信协议及软件架构。基于自主研发的STM32核心处理板,研究了发射和接收系统中的关键技术及其实现方法；提出了自适应能量阈值算法,解决了接收样机中如何寻找最佳判决门限的问题；成功研制了基于紫外LED和低压汞灯两种光源的实验用通信样机,实现了最高速率可达lOkbps的短距离语音通信,、为进一步开展紫外光通信理论分析、测试验证及实际应用提供了一个良好的平台。
UV communication is a kind of wireless optical scatter communication using "solar-blind"characteristics, has a good security, strong anti-jamming ability, non-line-of-sight and other advantages, and is very suitable for secure communication, but is still far from practical application now. This thesis carries out preliminary theoretical and experimental research on some basic problems of UV communication by means of theoretical derivation, simulation and prototype testing, and does a thorough and meticulous work on the atmospheric transmission theory, channel propagation characteristics, modulation technology and experimental prototype developed etc.
On the basis of a detailed discussion of the UV atmospheric propagation theory, UV non-line-of-sight single scattering and multiple scattering channel models are analyzed and simulated, and then an improved multiple scattering model based on Monte Carlo methods is proposed. The receiving terminal of currently model detects the photon according to the size of the coplanar scattering angle, we replace it with the range of the spatial distance, so the condition of the detection is extended from the coplanar to the space, which is more in line with the actual situation that transmission of the vast majority photons in space are non-coplanar. At the same time, the amount of computation and accuracy in the process of establishing the model are optimized. By using the multiple scattering model, we study the pulse response characteristics of the ultraviolet communication channel, obtain the integrate channel response results,and reveal the impact of the transmission distance, the transmitter and receiver geometry configuration parameters on the pulse delay, pulse broadening and path loss.
A scattering contrast channel model based on Monte Carlo method is created, through the simulation experiments, the single scattering approximation condition that Van de Hulst proposed in UV communication field is verified. The contribution ratio of the single, secondary and multiple scattering on the reception of energy are in-depth studied, which provides the basis for channel modeling using how many times of scattering; meanwhile the survival rate of photon effect on the path loss is relatively small.
In the Poisson and Gauss noise models, we systematically analyze the tradeoff among the transmission distance, power, rate and bit error rate (or packet error rate) in the OOK, PPM, DPPM and DPIM modulation with UV transmission channel model, derive in the required transmit power formula of the four kinds of modulation under a given packet error rate, and compare the power efficiency of the different modulation technology, bandwidth efficiency, implementation complexity, and the impact on the system performance by using of the different modulation order. The performances of the communication link are obtained according to the different modulation.
The general scheme of NLOS UV communication prototype system is put forward. Based on the STM32core processing board that we independently research and develope, we design and optimize the communication protocol of the UV communication test-bed and software architecture, propose an adaptive energy threshold algorithm. The key technologies of UV communication test-bed are systematically researched, and the architecture of the NLOS UV communication system is constructed, each component of the transceiver terminal and the methed of implementation are builded. Finally successfully develope two communication test-beds differently based on the light source of UV LED and low-pressure mercury lamp, the short-distance communication rate is up to lOkbps. These lay a foundation for the further development of ultraviolet communication theory analysis, test and practical application, and provide a good platform.
引文
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