～（60）Coγ射线与HNO_2复合处理辣椒诱变效应的研究
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摘要
~(60)Coγ射线与HNO_2复合处理辣椒干种子，试验按2因素4水平设计。研究了辣椒M_1代根长、发芽势、最终发芽率和成株率的生理损伤，M_2代的开花期、株高、单株果数、侧枝数等性状的诱变效应以及M_1代生理损伤和M_2代诱变效应的相关性，实验结果表明：
1．在供试剂量范围内，M_1代的生理损伤随着剂量的增大而增大，而M_2代突变频率并不随剂量的增大而增大，而是呈抛物面型，存在峰值。γ射线与HNO_2复合处理对M_1代生理损伤和M_2代突变频率比单一处理效果明显。
2．γ射线与HNO_2复合处理在M_1代根长性状上的生理损伤表现为累加效应，在成株率上表现为协同效应，但对最终发芽率影响很小。
3．M_1代根长可作为早期测定复合处理生物学效应大小的可靠形态指标，其根长为对照的64％—28％都可以出现较多的变异类型，M_2代开花期、株高、单株果数、侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量的早期形态预测指标是M_1代根长为对照的54％；M_2代叶绿素缺失变异最优诱变剂量的早期形态预测指标是M_1代根长为对照的30％。
4．M_2代开花期、株高、单株果数、侧枝数和叶绿素缺失突变频率统计分析结果表明，复合处理30(1×10)Gy+60min[用~(60)Coγ射线照射30(1×10)Gy后再用(0.05mol／L)HNO_2浸种60分钟]、30(1×10)Gy+70min、30(1×10)Gy+80min、70(1×10)Gy+60min组合对辣椒诱变效应明显，获得开花期、株高、单株果数和侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量组合为30(1×10)Gy+70min，获得叶绿素缺失变异最优诱变剂量组合为70(1×10)Gy+60min。
5．诱变剂在辣椒M_2代株高、单株果数、侧枝数、开花期性状上仍然存在生理损伤。
6．相关分析表明，M_1代的发芽势、成株率和株高相关均达到极显著水平。M_1代发芽势、成株率与M_2代株高和单株果数突变率相关不显著，因此，不能用M_1代的发芽势、成株率性状预测M_2代的株高和单株果数的突变率。M_1代株高与M_2代株高、单株果数突变率相关性因品种而异。
7．不同品种对γ射线与HNO_2的诱变敏感性不同。从M_2代叶绿素缺失、开花期、株高、单株果数和侧枝数突变频率看，品种2034敏感性最强，其次为品种2032，品种2017最不敏感。
Dry seeds of 3 varieties of peppers were treated with 60Co-gamma rays, HNO2 and their combination. The basic scheme of the study adopted the design of four levels under two factors. In M1, the biological injuries of the root length, the germination viability, the germination rate at last and the rate of survival plant were studied, In M2, the mutation effects of the plant height, the flowering stage, the No. of fruits per. plant and the No. of lateral branches per. plant were studied, at the same time, correlation coefficient between injury effects in M1 and mutation effects in M1 were analyzed. The results showed that:
1. In experimental dosages, the biological injuries of M1 increased with the increase of gamma-ray doses and the treating time of HNO2, but the mutation frequencies of M2 did not increased, they showed paraboloid shape and had peak value. Combination treatments with γ-ray and HNO2 were more effective than single treatment for the biological injuries in M1 and the mutation frequency in M2.
2. Combinating treatments with γ-ray and HNO2, in M1, the independent effect was observed on root length, the synergistic effect was observed on the rate of survival plant, but they affected the final germination rate very little.
3. 63%-28% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the better combined treatment, 54% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the best combined treatment for the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant. 30% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the best one for chlorophyll-reduced mutants.
4. Analyzing mutagenic effect of the chlorophyll-reduced mutation, the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2, the results showed that: the Combination treatments of 30(1×10)Gy+60min [the treatment of 30(1×10)Gy 60Co-gamma ray and 70min (0.05mol/L) HNO2], 30(1×10)Gy+70min, 30(1×10)Gy+80min, 70(1×10)Gy+60 min were suitable for inducing mutation; the treatment of 30 (1×10)Gy+80min was the best one for mutation of the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. Plant in M2; the treatment of 70(1×10)Gy+60min was the best one for the chlorophyll-reduced mutation.
5. Single and combination treatments with γ-ray and HNO2 to dry seeds of peppers, the biological injuries still retained on the plant height, the No. of fruits per. plant, the flowering stage and the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2.
6. In M1, the plant height, the germination viability and the rate of survival plant had significant relationship. But the germination viability and the rate of survival of M1 were not related to the mutation frequencies of the plant height and the No. of fruits per. plant of M2. The germination viability and the rate of survival plant could not be used for predicting the mutagenic effect of the plant height and the No. of fruits per. plant of M2.
7. Different varieties showed different mutation sensitivity. Studied the mutation frequencies of the chlorophyll-reduced mutation, the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2, 2034 was the most sensitivity, second was 2032, the last one was 2017.
1．在供试剂量范围内，M_1代的生理损伤随着剂量的增大而增大，而M_2代突变频率并不随剂量的增大而增大，而是呈抛物面型，存在峰值。γ射线与HNO_2复合处理对M_1代生理损伤和M_2代突变频率比单一处理效果明显。
2．γ射线与HNO_2复合处理在M_1代根长性状上的生理损伤表现为累加效应，在成株率上表现为协同效应，但对最终发芽率影响很小。
3．M_1代根长可作为早期测定复合处理生物学效应大小的可靠形态指标，其根长为对照的64％—28％都可以出现较多的变异类型，M_2代开花期、株高、单株果数、侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量的早期形态预测指标是M_1代根长为对照的54％；M_2代叶绿素缺失变异最优诱变剂量的早期形态预测指标是M_1代根长为对照的30％。
4．M_2代开花期、株高、单株果数、侧枝数和叶绿素缺失突变频率统计分析结果表明，复合处理30(1×10)Gy+60min[用~(60)Coγ射线照射30(1×10)Gy后再用(0.05mol／L)HNO_2浸种60分钟]、30(1×10)Gy+70min、30(1×10)Gy+80min、70(1×10)Gy+60min组合对辣椒诱变效应明显，获得开花期、株高、单株果数和侧枝数变异最优诱变剂量组合为30(1×10)Gy+70min，获得叶绿素缺失变异最优诱变剂量组合为70(1×10)Gy+60min。
5．诱变剂在辣椒M_2代株高、单株果数、侧枝数、开花期性状上仍然存在生理损伤。
6．相关分析表明，M_1代的发芽势、成株率和株高相关均达到极显著水平。M_1代发芽势、成株率与M_2代株高和单株果数突变率相关不显著，因此，不能用M_1代的发芽势、成株率性状预测M_2代的株高和单株果数的突变率。M_1代株高与M_2代株高、单株果数突变率相关性因品种而异。
7．不同品种对γ射线与HNO_2的诱变敏感性不同。从M_2代叶绿素缺失、开花期、株高、单株果数和侧枝数突变频率看，品种2034敏感性最强，其次为品种2032，品种2017最不敏感。
Dry seeds of 3 varieties of peppers were treated with 60Co-gamma rays, HNO2 and their combination. The basic scheme of the study adopted the design of four levels under two factors. In M1, the biological injuries of the root length, the germination viability, the germination rate at last and the rate of survival plant were studied, In M2, the mutation effects of the plant height, the flowering stage, the No. of fruits per. plant and the No. of lateral branches per. plant were studied, at the same time, correlation coefficient between injury effects in M1 and mutation effects in M1 were analyzed. The results showed that:
1. In experimental dosages, the biological injuries of M1 increased with the increase of gamma-ray doses and the treating time of HNO2, but the mutation frequencies of M2 did not increased, they showed paraboloid shape and had peak value. Combination treatments with γ-ray and HNO2 were more effective than single treatment for the biological injuries in M1 and the mutation frequency in M2.
2. Combinating treatments with γ-ray and HNO2, in M1, the independent effect was observed on root length, the synergistic effect was observed on the rate of survival plant, but they affected the final germination rate very little.
3. 63%-28% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the better combined treatment, 54% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the best combined treatment for the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant. 30% of root length in M1 could be used for predicting effect in M2 under the best one for chlorophyll-reduced mutants.
4. Analyzing mutagenic effect of the chlorophyll-reduced mutation, the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2, the results showed that: the Combination treatments of 30(1×10)Gy+60min [the treatment of 30(1×10)Gy 60Co-gamma ray and 70min (0.05mol/L) HNO2], 30(1×10)Gy+70min, 30(1×10)Gy+80min, 70(1×10)Gy+60 min were suitable for inducing mutation; the treatment of 30 (1×10)Gy+80min was the best one for mutation of the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. Plant in M2; the treatment of 70(1×10)Gy+60min was the best one for the chlorophyll-reduced mutation.
5. Single and combination treatments with γ-ray and HNO2 to dry seeds of peppers, the biological injuries still retained on the plant height, the No. of fruits per. plant, the flowering stage and the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2.
6. In M1, the plant height, the germination viability and the rate of survival plant had significant relationship. But the germination viability and the rate of survival of M1 were not related to the mutation frequencies of the plant height and the No. of fruits per. plant of M2. The germination viability and the rate of survival plant could not be used for predicting the mutagenic effect of the plant height and the No. of fruits per. plant of M2.
7. Different varieties showed different mutation sensitivity. Studied the mutation frequencies of the chlorophyll-reduced mutation, the flowering stage, the plant height, the No. of fruits per plant, the No. of lateral branches per. plant in M2, 2034 was the most sensitivity, second was 2032, the last one was 2017.
引文
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