云南个旧花岗岩凹陷带锡铜多金属成矿学研究
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摘要
个旧锡矿区开发历史悠久,地质研究程度较高,但对于花岗岩凹陷带及凹陷带矿床至今没有进行过系统研究。本文结合中南大学科技合作项目《个旧锡矿花岗岩凹陷带形成条件及成矿规律研究》(国土资源部地质勘查司下发的《2004年度危机矿山接替资源勘查试点项目任务书》“[2004]003号”项目的子项目)的科研选题,在大量收集和充分消化前人基础地质研究与矿产资源勘查资料的基础上,以活化构造成矿理论为指导,以个旧老卡花岗岩体接触-凹陷带及其中赋存的锡铜多金属矿为重点研究对象,系统研究、分析、总结了凹陷带构造产出特征、形成机制、控矿机理及其矿床的地质特征、控矿因素、矿床成因、成矿规律等,提出了成矿靶区及找矿方向。论文的研究成果与创新认识主要体现在以下几个方面:
1、应用历史—因果论壳体大地构造学理论与分析方法,从区域地质、地球物理、地球化学的块、带特征入手,深入探讨了个旧及其邻区区域壳体大地构造的演化运动特征;提出该区壳体演化经历了前地槽、地槽、地台及地洼(活化)四个发展演化阶段的新认识;指出个旧锡多金属矿床最初形成于地台余“定”期的古断拉谷环境新观点。提出地幔热点、地壳的拉张作用及同生深大断裂的长期发展演化,是造成古断拉谷形成的根本原因,并进一步论述了个旧—开远古断拉谷的演化作用及其控岩控矿意义。
2、对个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带构造的空间展布特征进行了较系统的研究,分析研究了其形成的地质条件和形成机制以及控矿机理,提出了个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带的形成受燕山期花岗岩、构造、地层、印支期变玄武岩等多因素、多条件制约的新认识。
3、从宏观及微观上对个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带型矿床进行了分析研究,提出了凹陷带型矿床主要受燕山期花岗岩、构造、地层、印支期变玄武岩、成矿的继承与演化等多方面因素控制,凹陷带型矿床对个旧组卡房段地层具有“选择性”。
4、首次在3-9~#等典型凹陷带型矿体中发现了印支期变玄武岩的存在,为凹陷带中富大矿体的“多因复成”成因提供了有力依据。
5、在详细研究矿床的同生与后生特征的基础上,发现较大规模的凹陷带矿体往往是在印支期海底火山活动和热水沉积成矿作用基础上形成的,其中早期矿体的诱导作用和燕山期岩浆-热液叠生改造作用的强度是两个关键性因素。
6、首次将矿床成矿作用与壳体大地构造(递进)演化—运动相联系,详细阐述了矿床成矿的多大地构造演化阶段、多成矿物质来源、多控矿因素、多成矿方式以及多种成矿作用的多因复成成矿特点,总结了花岗岩凹陷带矿床空间分布及其演化规律,建立了完整的凹陷带型矿床多因复成成矿模式。
7、在分析研究矿床成矿规律及控矿因素的基础上,应用地、物、化、遥等现代找矿理论与方法,建立了成矿预测地质模型,在区内成矿有利地段开展了隐伏矿床的定位预测,指出了该区成矿靶区及进一步找矿的方向。
Gejiu tin ore deposit is an old mine which has been exploited and researched for a long history. Although there had accumulated a lot of geological data, but few concerned with the contact-depression zones of granite and the tin-copper polymetal within them are found. In this paper, based on the volumes data of field investigation and former research information, and guided by the "Diwa" theory and activation tectonic metallogenic theory, the structural features, forming and ore-controlling mechanism of the contact-depression zones and geological characteristics, ore-controlling factors, mineral deposit genesis and metallogenic disciplines of orebodies occurred in them are studied in detail. the main innovation awareness and results are listed as following:
1. On the basis of the partition of regional geological, geophysical and geochemical blocks and belts, the tectonic evolution and movement characteristics of Gejiu and its adjacent areas are probed by using the historic-causative analysis method. It is pointed out that the Gejiu tin ore deposit was originally formed in an ancient aulacogen of residual platform region.
2. The spatial distribution of the granite contact-depression zones are described systemically. It is proposed that the contact-depression zones were formed and restricted by compound actions of Yanshanian granite intrusion, structure, strata and Indosinian basalt extrusion. Furthermore, their forming and ore controlling mechanisms are discussed ground on particular geological investigation.
3. The ore deposits in the granite contact-depression zones are investigated and their multiple ore-controlling factors are studied through both macroscopical and microcosmic aspect. It is concluded that these ore deposit has "selectivity" with Kafang segment in Gejiu formation.
4. Indosinian metamorphic volcanic rocks is found by the author and her partners in 3-9# depression zones that gives great evidence to the polygenetic compound viewpoint.
5. After detail study the characteristics of ore forming and post-ore forming, it is put forward that orebodies occurred in the contact-depression zones were developed on the basis of Indonisian marine volcanic activities and hot water deposition mineralization, associated by the induction of former ore deposits and the intensity of overlaying and reconstructing of Yanshanian magma hydrothermal mineralization.
6. The regularities of ore deposit's spatial distribution and the evolution are discussed by combining of metallogenesis with tectonic (progressive) evolution-movement so that the characteristics of poly-geotectonic evolution stage, polygenesis, multiple material sources, multiple ore-controlling factors and variety of mineralizations of the deposits occurred in contact-depression zones are summarized.
7. On the foundation of concluding the mineralization regularities and ore-controlling factors, the metallogenic prediction model is established by using multiple exploration methods such geology, geophysics, geochemical and remote-sensing. Totally 6 prediction area are pointed out for further exploiting.
1、应用历史—因果论壳体大地构造学理论与分析方法,从区域地质、地球物理、地球化学的块、带特征入手,深入探讨了个旧及其邻区区域壳体大地构造的演化运动特征;提出该区壳体演化经历了前地槽、地槽、地台及地洼(活化)四个发展演化阶段的新认识;指出个旧锡多金属矿床最初形成于地台余“定”期的古断拉谷环境新观点。提出地幔热点、地壳的拉张作用及同生深大断裂的长期发展演化,是造成古断拉谷形成的根本原因,并进一步论述了个旧—开远古断拉谷的演化作用及其控岩控矿意义。
2、对个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带构造的空间展布特征进行了较系统的研究,分析研究了其形成的地质条件和形成机制以及控矿机理,提出了个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带的形成受燕山期花岗岩、构造、地层、印支期变玄武岩等多因素、多条件制约的新认识。
3、从宏观及微观上对个旧花岗岩体接触-凹陷带型矿床进行了分析研究,提出了凹陷带型矿床主要受燕山期花岗岩、构造、地层、印支期变玄武岩、成矿的继承与演化等多方面因素控制,凹陷带型矿床对个旧组卡房段地层具有“选择性”。
4、首次在3-9~#等典型凹陷带型矿体中发现了印支期变玄武岩的存在,为凹陷带中富大矿体的“多因复成”成因提供了有力依据。
5、在详细研究矿床的同生与后生特征的基础上,发现较大规模的凹陷带矿体往往是在印支期海底火山活动和热水沉积成矿作用基础上形成的,其中早期矿体的诱导作用和燕山期岩浆-热液叠生改造作用的强度是两个关键性因素。
6、首次将矿床成矿作用与壳体大地构造(递进)演化—运动相联系,详细阐述了矿床成矿的多大地构造演化阶段、多成矿物质来源、多控矿因素、多成矿方式以及多种成矿作用的多因复成成矿特点,总结了花岗岩凹陷带矿床空间分布及其演化规律,建立了完整的凹陷带型矿床多因复成成矿模式。
7、在分析研究矿床成矿规律及控矿因素的基础上,应用地、物、化、遥等现代找矿理论与方法,建立了成矿预测地质模型,在区内成矿有利地段开展了隐伏矿床的定位预测,指出了该区成矿靶区及进一步找矿的方向。
Gejiu tin ore deposit is an old mine which has been exploited and researched for a long history. Although there had accumulated a lot of geological data, but few concerned with the contact-depression zones of granite and the tin-copper polymetal within them are found. In this paper, based on the volumes data of field investigation and former research information, and guided by the "Diwa" theory and activation tectonic metallogenic theory, the structural features, forming and ore-controlling mechanism of the contact-depression zones and geological characteristics, ore-controlling factors, mineral deposit genesis and metallogenic disciplines of orebodies occurred in them are studied in detail. the main innovation awareness and results are listed as following:
1. On the basis of the partition of regional geological, geophysical and geochemical blocks and belts, the tectonic evolution and movement characteristics of Gejiu and its adjacent areas are probed by using the historic-causative analysis method. It is pointed out that the Gejiu tin ore deposit was originally formed in an ancient aulacogen of residual platform region.
2. The spatial distribution of the granite contact-depression zones are described systemically. It is proposed that the contact-depression zones were formed and restricted by compound actions of Yanshanian granite intrusion, structure, strata and Indosinian basalt extrusion. Furthermore, their forming and ore controlling mechanisms are discussed ground on particular geological investigation.
3. The ore deposits in the granite contact-depression zones are investigated and their multiple ore-controlling factors are studied through both macroscopical and microcosmic aspect. It is concluded that these ore deposit has "selectivity" with Kafang segment in Gejiu formation.
4. Indosinian metamorphic volcanic rocks is found by the author and her partners in 3-9# depression zones that gives great evidence to the polygenetic compound viewpoint.
5. After detail study the characteristics of ore forming and post-ore forming, it is put forward that orebodies occurred in the contact-depression zones were developed on the basis of Indonisian marine volcanic activities and hot water deposition mineralization, associated by the induction of former ore deposits and the intensity of overlaying and reconstructing of Yanshanian magma hydrothermal mineralization.
6. The regularities of ore deposit's spatial distribution and the evolution are discussed by combining of metallogenesis with tectonic (progressive) evolution-movement so that the characteristics of poly-geotectonic evolution stage, polygenesis, multiple material sources, multiple ore-controlling factors and variety of mineralizations of the deposits occurred in contact-depression zones are summarized.
7. On the foundation of concluding the mineralization regularities and ore-controlling factors, the metallogenic prediction model is established by using multiple exploration methods such geology, geophysics, geochemical and remote-sensing. Totally 6 prediction area are pointed out for further exploiting.
引文
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