茉莉酸甲酯对杨树诱导抗性的研究
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摘要
茉莉酸类化合物在植物诱导防御反应中发挥着重要作用。本项研究以喷施茉莉酸甲酯处理美洲黑杨895,研究MeJA引起杨树生化物质、相关酶系的变化,及其对昆虫的营养效应和生长发育的影响。研究结果总结如下：
1、茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导美洲黑杨叶片中各类化学物质的变化
茉莉酸甲酯处理后,处理叶的可溶性糖含量在12、24、48、72h均有显著降低,游离氨基酸在4、12、24h显著增加,可溶性蛋白质在24、72h显著增加,单宁在4、12、48h增加显著,酚酸含量在24、48h显著增加,48h达到峰值,对侧叶呈相似变化；处理叶黄酮含量在4、12、24h均有显著增加,而对侧叶仅在4h有显著增加。处理叶中挥发物组分增加了香叶醇、正十五烷、丙基环戊烷等物质。同时处理黑杨叶中正十六烷、2-羟基苯甲醛、邻苯二酚等百分含量均有不同程度的增加。
2、茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导美洲黑杨叶片防御酶的变化
茉莉酸甲酯处理后,多酚氧化酶呈现先增后减的趋势,处理叶在24h达到峰值,对侧叶增加不明显；处理叶脂氧合酶活性在12、24、72h显著增加,对侧枝也呈增加趋势,在24、72h有显著增加；胰蛋白酶活性在12、24、48、72h处理枝与对侧枝均有显著增加；胰凝乳蛋白酶活性只有处理枝在4h增加显著。
3、茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树对杨扇舟蛾保护酶和解毒酶的影响
杨扇舟蛾取食茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树叶片后,过氧化物酶活性呈升高趋势,4、24、36h均有显著增高,36h达到峰值；过氧化氢酶活性在12h显著增高,36h之后开始下降,36、48h活性已低于对照,有差异性显著；超氧化物歧化酶活性36、48h增加显著,并在48h达到峰值。羧酸酯酶在4、24、36h增加显著,48h后增幅减小；多功能氧化酶在12h增加显著,36h趋于下降,48h活性已低于对照,差异显著；谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性4、12h增加显著,36、48h增幅减小酶活接近对照水平。
4、茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树对杨扇舟蛾取食选择性、营养效应和生长发育的影响
茉莉酸甲酯喷施处理的杨树叶对杨扇舟蛾取食选择性产生明显的忌避作用；杨扇舟蛾的相对生长率、相对取食量、相对代谢率、食物转化率都有所下降,近似消化率、食物利用率则有所增加。幼虫期和蛹期明显延长,蛹重、化蛹率、产卵率下降。
Jasmonic acid plays an important role in induced resistance in plant. Methyl jasmonate(MeJA) solution were sprayed on one-year-old Populus deltoides 895, and assayed the contents of chemical, the activity of enzyme, nutrition metabolism and growing and development of Clostera feeding on treaed leaves, The results are as follows:
1. Effects on leaf chemicals of Populus deltotoids treated by MeJA
The content of soluble sugar of treated leaves decreased significantly from 12h to 72h, the free amino acids of treated leaves increased significantly from 4h to 24h, the soluble protein of treated leaves at 24,72h increased significantly. The content of tannins of treated leaves and contra lateral leaves at 4,12,48h increase significantly, the content of phenolic acids of the treated leaves at 24,48h increased significantly. and reaced the peak at 48h, the same changed in contra lateral leaves. The content of Flavonoids of treated leaves increased significantly from4h to 24h, but lateral leaves increased slightly at 4h.2,6-Octadien-1-ol、Pentadecane、Cyclopentane were detected in the volatiles of treated leaf. compared with the contrast. the content of Hexadecanel,2-Benzenediol、2-hydroxy-Benzaldehyde in treated leaves increased to some extent.
2. Effects on protective enzyme of leaves of P. deltotoids treated by MeJA
After MeJA were sprayed on one-year-old P. deltotoids, polyphenol oxidase increased first and then decreased, treated leaves reached the highest at 12h, the lateral leaves increased was not obvious. The lipoxygenase of treated leaves increased significantly at 12,24,72h, the lateral leaves also has an increasing trend and increased significantly at 24,72h. The activity of trypsin inhibitor of treated and lateral leaves increased significantly from 12h to 72h, and the activity chymotrypsin inhibitor of treated leaves only increase significantly at 4h.
3. Effects on protective enzymes and detoxifying enzymes of Clostera anastomosis feeding on leaves of P. deltotoids treated by MeJA
Feeding on the trated leaves, the POD activity of C. anastomosis have been increasing, increased obviously at 4,24,36h and reached the peak at 36h. CAT activity increased obviously at 12h and then descreased at 36h, The activity has been lower than control at 36,48h., the difference is significantly. SOD activity increased significantly at 36,48h and reached the peak at 48h. GarE activity increased obviously at 4,24,36h and decrease at 48h, but the difference was not significant. MFO activity increased from 4h to 24hand the difference is significantly at 12h. then decreased at 36h, activity has been lower than control at 48h. GST activity increased obviously at 4,12h, the rate of increased is smaller at 48h and the level of activity is similar to the level of control.
4. Effects on host selection, nutrition index and growth and development duration of Clostera anastomosis feeding on leaves treated by MeJA
After feeding on treaed leaves, lavae prefer to health leaves under choice situation. The relative growth rate(RGR) relative consumption rate(RCQ) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food(ECD) reduced significantly, while the efficiency of ingested food(ECI) and approximate digestibility(AD) increased although no significant different between treaed leaves and controls. The development duration of larvae and pupae prolonged, and pupae weight declined, emergency rate and numbe of egg-laying of adults decreased.
1、茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导美洲黑杨叶片中各类化学物质的变化
茉莉酸甲酯处理后,处理叶的可溶性糖含量在12、24、48、72h均有显著降低,游离氨基酸在4、12、24h显著增加,可溶性蛋白质在24、72h显著增加,单宁在4、12、48h增加显著,酚酸含量在24、48h显著增加,48h达到峰值,对侧叶呈相似变化；处理叶黄酮含量在4、12、24h均有显著增加,而对侧叶仅在4h有显著增加。处理叶中挥发物组分增加了香叶醇、正十五烷、丙基环戊烷等物质。同时处理黑杨叶中正十六烷、2-羟基苯甲醛、邻苯二酚等百分含量均有不同程度的增加。
2、茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导美洲黑杨叶片防御酶的变化
茉莉酸甲酯处理后,多酚氧化酶呈现先增后减的趋势,处理叶在24h达到峰值,对侧叶增加不明显；处理叶脂氧合酶活性在12、24、72h显著增加,对侧枝也呈增加趋势,在24、72h有显著增加；胰蛋白酶活性在12、24、48、72h处理枝与对侧枝均有显著增加；胰凝乳蛋白酶活性只有处理枝在4h增加显著。
3、茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树对杨扇舟蛾保护酶和解毒酶的影响
杨扇舟蛾取食茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树叶片后,过氧化物酶活性呈升高趋势,4、24、36h均有显著增高,36h达到峰值；过氧化氢酶活性在12h显著增高,36h之后开始下降,36、48h活性已低于对照,有差异性显著；超氧化物歧化酶活性36、48h增加显著,并在48h达到峰值。羧酸酯酶在4、24、36h增加显著,48h后增幅减小；多功能氧化酶在12h增加显著,36h趋于下降,48h活性已低于对照,差异显著；谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性4、12h增加显著,36、48h增幅减小酶活接近对照水平。
4、茉莉酸甲酯处理杨树对杨扇舟蛾取食选择性、营养效应和生长发育的影响
茉莉酸甲酯喷施处理的杨树叶对杨扇舟蛾取食选择性产生明显的忌避作用；杨扇舟蛾的相对生长率、相对取食量、相对代谢率、食物转化率都有所下降,近似消化率、食物利用率则有所增加。幼虫期和蛹期明显延长,蛹重、化蛹率、产卵率下降。
Jasmonic acid plays an important role in induced resistance in plant. Methyl jasmonate(MeJA) solution were sprayed on one-year-old Populus deltoides 895, and assayed the contents of chemical, the activity of enzyme, nutrition metabolism and growing and development of Clostera feeding on treaed leaves, The results are as follows:
1. Effects on leaf chemicals of Populus deltotoids treated by MeJA
The content of soluble sugar of treated leaves decreased significantly from 12h to 72h, the free amino acids of treated leaves increased significantly from 4h to 24h, the soluble protein of treated leaves at 24,72h increased significantly. The content of tannins of treated leaves and contra lateral leaves at 4,12,48h increase significantly, the content of phenolic acids of the treated leaves at 24,48h increased significantly. and reaced the peak at 48h, the same changed in contra lateral leaves. The content of Flavonoids of treated leaves increased significantly from4h to 24h, but lateral leaves increased slightly at 4h.2,6-Octadien-1-ol、Pentadecane、Cyclopentane were detected in the volatiles of treated leaf. compared with the contrast. the content of Hexadecanel,2-Benzenediol、2-hydroxy-Benzaldehyde in treated leaves increased to some extent.
2. Effects on protective enzyme of leaves of P. deltotoids treated by MeJA
After MeJA were sprayed on one-year-old P. deltotoids, polyphenol oxidase increased first and then decreased, treated leaves reached the highest at 12h, the lateral leaves increased was not obvious. The lipoxygenase of treated leaves increased significantly at 12,24,72h, the lateral leaves also has an increasing trend and increased significantly at 24,72h. The activity of trypsin inhibitor of treated and lateral leaves increased significantly from 12h to 72h, and the activity chymotrypsin inhibitor of treated leaves only increase significantly at 4h.
3. Effects on protective enzymes and detoxifying enzymes of Clostera anastomosis feeding on leaves of P. deltotoids treated by MeJA
Feeding on the trated leaves, the POD activity of C. anastomosis have been increasing, increased obviously at 4,24,36h and reached the peak at 36h. CAT activity increased obviously at 12h and then descreased at 36h, The activity has been lower than control at 36,48h., the difference is significantly. SOD activity increased significantly at 36,48h and reached the peak at 48h. GarE activity increased obviously at 4,24,36h and decrease at 48h, but the difference was not significant. MFO activity increased from 4h to 24hand the difference is significantly at 12h. then decreased at 36h, activity has been lower than control at 48h. GST activity increased obviously at 4,12h, the rate of increased is smaller at 48h and the level of activity is similar to the level of control.
4. Effects on host selection, nutrition index and growth and development duration of Clostera anastomosis feeding on leaves treated by MeJA
After feeding on treaed leaves, lavae prefer to health leaves under choice situation. The relative growth rate(RGR) relative consumption rate(RCQ) and the efficiency of conversion of digested food(ECD) reduced significantly, while the efficiency of ingested food(ECI) and approximate digestibility(AD) increased although no significant different between treaed leaves and controls. The development duration of larvae and pupae prolonged, and pupae weight declined, emergency rate and numbe of egg-laying of adults decreased.
引文
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