酒店关怀型伦理气氛对员工组织承诺的影响机制研究
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摘要
随着企业伦理问题逐渐增多,组织伦理气氛的研究日益得到学界关注。从现有的研究看,伦理气氛对组织绩效以及员工的工作态度都有着显著的影响,尤其是组织伦理气氛对员工组织承诺的显著影响逐渐被学者证实。但是,组织内特定类型的伦理气氛是如何影响员工组织承诺的却未引起应有的重视,因此,研究特定类型的伦理气氛对员工组织承诺的影响机制尤为必要。基于这一研究主题,本研究在借鉴伦理学、旅游学、哲学与心理学学科理论的基础上,通过严谨的实证研究方法,获得了一些重要的研究发现和结论：
首先,通过对观察学习理论和榜样示范的理论阐述,揭示了伦理环境对个人影响的外部依存条件,同时通过对道德资本理论以及道德与收益关系的探讨,揭示了组织伦理环境下推动个体道德发展的内部因素。从而为下一步的实证研究奠定了理论基础；其次,基于扎根理论的研究方法,选取了5家代表性酒店进行了深入访谈研究,通过对搜集资料的分析、归纳,发现组织伦理气氛对员工组织承诺影响中“员工道德收益”和“领导者率先垂范”的重要作用,并提出了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念维度构成,为提出概念假设提供了重要依据；再次,建构了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念模型,提出理论假设,主要假设是：员工道德收益包含情感收益、成长收益和心灵收益三个维度；领导者率先垂范包括人际垂范、工作垂范和德行垂范三个维度；员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范在关怀型伦理气氛和员工组织承诺间起中介作用。这是下一步实证研究的基础；最后,基于问卷调查法的实证研究。依据量表开发的程序,开发了员工道德收益问卷和领导者率先垂范问卷。通过对酒店企业的大样本问卷调查数据的分析,研究假设得以验证通过。
本研究通过对关怀型伦理气氛对员工组织承诺影响机制的研究,提出并实证验证了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念模型和中介效应；开发了员工道德收益问卷和领导者率先垂范问卷。其理论意义在于,深化了组织伦理气氛对员工工作态度的理论研究。其实践意义在于,为酒店企业如何促进员工的组织承诺提出了具体的管理路径,对酒店关怀型伦理气氛的塑造,降低酒店员工离职率水平具有重要的现实意义。
With the enterprise ethics problem gradually increased, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the study of organizational ethical climate. From the existing research, it can be found that organizational ethical climate has significant influence on organizational performance and employees' working attitude. More and more scholars have gradually confirmed that organizational ethical climate affects employees'organizational commitment obviously. However, how specific type of ethical climate in the organization makes a difference on organizational commitment has not received the attention it deserves yet. As a result, study of the mechanism of specific type of ethical climate's influence on organizational commitment is necessary. Based on these researches, taking ethics, law, philosophy and psychology theory for reference, through rigorous empirical research method, this thesis shares some important findings and conclusions as followings:
Firstly, based on the research on observational learning theory and example demonstration, the author reveals the external conditions of how the ethical environment affects individuals and the internal factors of promoting the development of individual morality in organizational ethic environment through discussing the moral capital theory and the relationship between moral and benefit, which laid a theoretical foundation for further empirical research.
Secondly, based on the research method of grounded theory, I selected five representative hotels to conduct an in-depth interview study. Through the analysis and induction of the data collection, I found the important role of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" in the process of organizational ethical climate impact on employees' organizational commitment, and put forward the conceptual dimensions of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example", which provides an important basis for put forward the concept hypothesis.
Thirdly, I construct the conceptual model of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" and put forward the theoretical hypothesis, that is, the three dimensions of employee moral benefits:emotional benefits, growth benefits and spiritual benefits, of leaders'interpersonal, working and virtue examples and the intermediary role of them between the considerate-oriented ethical climate and employees'organizational commitment, which are the basis of next empirical research.
Finally, the empirical research based on questionnaire survey. According to the program developed on the basis of scale, I designed "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" questionnaires. By analyzing the data obtained through questionnaire survey on large sample hotels, the result of data analyzing is corresponding with hypothesis.
By studying the mechanism of the caring type of ethical climate influence on employees' organizational commitment, we proposed and examined empirically the conceptual models and the mediation effect of "Employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" and developed questionnaires of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example". Theoretically, it is helpful to the study of organizational ethical climate and employees work attitude in a comprehensive and in-depth way. Practically, it presents specific management path to improve employees'organizational commitment, helps to shape the hotel caring ethical climate and lower levels of hotel staff turnover rate.
首先,通过对观察学习理论和榜样示范的理论阐述,揭示了伦理环境对个人影响的外部依存条件,同时通过对道德资本理论以及道德与收益关系的探讨,揭示了组织伦理环境下推动个体道德发展的内部因素。从而为下一步的实证研究奠定了理论基础；其次,基于扎根理论的研究方法,选取了5家代表性酒店进行了深入访谈研究,通过对搜集资料的分析、归纳,发现组织伦理气氛对员工组织承诺影响中“员工道德收益”和“领导者率先垂范”的重要作用,并提出了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念维度构成,为提出概念假设提供了重要依据；再次,建构了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念模型,提出理论假设,主要假设是：员工道德收益包含情感收益、成长收益和心灵收益三个维度；领导者率先垂范包括人际垂范、工作垂范和德行垂范三个维度；员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范在关怀型伦理气氛和员工组织承诺间起中介作用。这是下一步实证研究的基础；最后,基于问卷调查法的实证研究。依据量表开发的程序,开发了员工道德收益问卷和领导者率先垂范问卷。通过对酒店企业的大样本问卷调查数据的分析,研究假设得以验证通过。
本研究通过对关怀型伦理气氛对员工组织承诺影响机制的研究,提出并实证验证了员工道德收益和领导者率先垂范的概念模型和中介效应；开发了员工道德收益问卷和领导者率先垂范问卷。其理论意义在于,深化了组织伦理气氛对员工工作态度的理论研究。其实践意义在于,为酒店企业如何促进员工的组织承诺提出了具体的管理路径,对酒店关怀型伦理气氛的塑造,降低酒店员工离职率水平具有重要的现实意义。
With the enterprise ethics problem gradually increased, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the study of organizational ethical climate. From the existing research, it can be found that organizational ethical climate has significant influence on organizational performance and employees' working attitude. More and more scholars have gradually confirmed that organizational ethical climate affects employees'organizational commitment obviously. However, how specific type of ethical climate in the organization makes a difference on organizational commitment has not received the attention it deserves yet. As a result, study of the mechanism of specific type of ethical climate's influence on organizational commitment is necessary. Based on these researches, taking ethics, law, philosophy and psychology theory for reference, through rigorous empirical research method, this thesis shares some important findings and conclusions as followings:
Firstly, based on the research on observational learning theory and example demonstration, the author reveals the external conditions of how the ethical environment affects individuals and the internal factors of promoting the development of individual morality in organizational ethic environment through discussing the moral capital theory and the relationship between moral and benefit, which laid a theoretical foundation for further empirical research.
Secondly, based on the research method of grounded theory, I selected five representative hotels to conduct an in-depth interview study. Through the analysis and induction of the data collection, I found the important role of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" in the process of organizational ethical climate impact on employees' organizational commitment, and put forward the conceptual dimensions of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example", which provides an important basis for put forward the concept hypothesis.
Thirdly, I construct the conceptual model of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" and put forward the theoretical hypothesis, that is, the three dimensions of employee moral benefits:emotional benefits, growth benefits and spiritual benefits, of leaders'interpersonal, working and virtue examples and the intermediary role of them between the considerate-oriented ethical climate and employees'organizational commitment, which are the basis of next empirical research.
Finally, the empirical research based on questionnaire survey. According to the program developed on the basis of scale, I designed "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" questionnaires. By analyzing the data obtained through questionnaire survey on large sample hotels, the result of data analyzing is corresponding with hypothesis.
By studying the mechanism of the caring type of ethical climate influence on employees' organizational commitment, we proposed and examined empirically the conceptual models and the mediation effect of "Employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example" and developed questionnaires of "employee moral benefits" and "leaders lead by example". Theoretically, it is helpful to the study of organizational ethical climate and employees work attitude in a comprehensive and in-depth way. Practically, it presents specific management path to improve employees'organizational commitment, helps to shape the hotel caring ethical climate and lower levels of hotel staff turnover rate.
引文
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