火电机组节能潜力诊断方法研究及应用
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摘要
本文对火电机组经济性分析与节能潜力诊断的理论进行了研究，提
出了进行机组节能诊断的方法，对评价机组性能的指标进行了探讨，并
将所提出的节能潜力诊断理论应用于锦州电厂六号机组，开发成功了机
组性能在线监测与能损诊断系统，并对性能监测系统中各主要参数测量
误差对计算结果的影响进行了了定量分析。论文主要研究内容如下：
1、提出了采用“性能因子”，来评价机组在一定时期内运行的经济
性。与传统的供电煤耗率比较，能够综合考虑影响机组经济性的主观因
素与客观因素，科学地反映机组设备的健康状态与运行质量。分别针对
凝汽式机组与供热机组，提出了它们各自性能因子的确定方法，并通过
实例计算，编制了相应软件，进一步说明了性能因子在指导电厂运行、
加强运行考核、合理安排维修方面所发挥的作用。
2、对火电机组节能潜力诊断的理论与方法进行了深入研究，提出了
比较完善、可行的火电厂节能潜力诊断模型，将机组的损失划分为运行
可控损失、维修可控损失及不可控损失三类，并运用所建立的机组性能
仿真模型确定各类目标值及计算各类损失。最后，以某200MW机组为
例，对其运行可控损耗与维修可控损耗进行了实际诊断，得到了影响机
组经济性的主要因素，为进一步降低机组的煤耗率、提高机组的经济性
提供了科学依据。
3、将节能潜力诊断理论应用于锦州电厂200MW机组，开发成功
了机组性能在线监测与能损诊断系统性能监测系统。建立了机组在设计
情况下的变工况性能分析模型，并采用面向对象的方法，编制了相应的
计算软件与画面显示软件。系统投入运行以后，对于指导运行人员提高
操作水平、减少运行可控损失、提高机组的安全性与经济性具有重要意
义。同时，对管理部门进行运行人员考核、经济活动分析及生产计划的
制订提供科学依据。
4、提出了适用于火电机组性能参数在线监测的简明计算方法，定
量分析了一些主要测量参数的误差对机组性能计算的影响。
Theory of thermoeconomic analysis and energy conservation potentiality
diagnosis for a coal-fired power generating unit is researched. Method of the
unit energy conversation diagnosis is put forward. The indexes used to
evaluate the unit’s performance are discussed. And the generating JinZhou
power plant unit No. 6 is analyzed as a living example. The primary research
contents of the thesis are as follows:
1. The performance evaluation index system for a coal-fired power-
generating unit is researched. That “performance factor”can be used as an
index to evaluate the unit’s performance are put forward. By “performance
factor”objective factors of the unit’s operating can be considered
synthetically, and the basis of evaluating the unit’s operating quality and
maintenance level is made.
2. Theory and method of energy conversation potentiality diagnosis for a unit
are researched deeply. A perfect and feasible model of energy
conversation potentiality diagnosis for a coal-fired power plant is put
forward, the unit’s losses are divided into three types: operating
controllable loss, maintenance controllable loss and uncontrollable loss.
Using the unit’s performance simulation model, all kinds of objective
value and losses are determined. Scientific basis for reducing coal
consumption and improving economics of the unit is provided.
3. Theory of energy conversation potentiality diagnosis for a unit is applied
to online monitoring of the unit’s performance. The performance online
monitoring and energy-loss diagnosis system is prepared successfiilly. And
the corresponding software is developed. It is of positive affect for
improving economics of the unit and realizing the predict maintenance.
4. The calculation principle used in the performance online monitoring
system for a coal-fired power-generating unit is researched. The influence
to the unit’s performance calculation precision caused by some primary
parameters”metering error is calculated quantitatively. Guiding for
improving the precision of the unit’s performance monitoring system is
provided in theory.
出了进行机组节能诊断的方法，对评价机组性能的指标进行了探讨，并
将所提出的节能潜力诊断理论应用于锦州电厂六号机组，开发成功了机
组性能在线监测与能损诊断系统，并对性能监测系统中各主要参数测量
误差对计算结果的影响进行了了定量分析。论文主要研究内容如下：
1、提出了采用“性能因子”，来评价机组在一定时期内运行的经济
性。与传统的供电煤耗率比较，能够综合考虑影响机组经济性的主观因
素与客观因素，科学地反映机组设备的健康状态与运行质量。分别针对
凝汽式机组与供热机组，提出了它们各自性能因子的确定方法，并通过
实例计算，编制了相应软件，进一步说明了性能因子在指导电厂运行、
加强运行考核、合理安排维修方面所发挥的作用。
2、对火电机组节能潜力诊断的理论与方法进行了深入研究，提出了
比较完善、可行的火电厂节能潜力诊断模型，将机组的损失划分为运行
可控损失、维修可控损失及不可控损失三类，并运用所建立的机组性能
仿真模型确定各类目标值及计算各类损失。最后，以某200MW机组为
例，对其运行可控损耗与维修可控损耗进行了实际诊断，得到了影响机
组经济性的主要因素，为进一步降低机组的煤耗率、提高机组的经济性
提供了科学依据。
3、将节能潜力诊断理论应用于锦州电厂200MW机组，开发成功
了机组性能在线监测与能损诊断系统性能监测系统。建立了机组在设计
情况下的变工况性能分析模型，并采用面向对象的方法，编制了相应的
计算软件与画面显示软件。系统投入运行以后，对于指导运行人员提高
操作水平、减少运行可控损失、提高机组的安全性与经济性具有重要意
义。同时，对管理部门进行运行人员考核、经济活动分析及生产计划的
制订提供科学依据。
4、提出了适用于火电机组性能参数在线监测的简明计算方法，定
量分析了一些主要测量参数的误差对机组性能计算的影响。
Theory of thermoeconomic analysis and energy conservation potentiality
diagnosis for a coal-fired power generating unit is researched. Method of the
unit energy conversation diagnosis is put forward. The indexes used to
evaluate the unit’s performance are discussed. And the generating JinZhou
power plant unit No. 6 is analyzed as a living example. The primary research
contents of the thesis are as follows:
1. The performance evaluation index system for a coal-fired power-
generating unit is researched. That “performance factor”can be used as an
index to evaluate the unit’s performance are put forward. By “performance
factor”objective factors of the unit’s operating can be considered
synthetically, and the basis of evaluating the unit’s operating quality and
maintenance level is made.
2. Theory and method of energy conversation potentiality diagnosis for a unit
are researched deeply. A perfect and feasible model of energy
conversation potentiality diagnosis for a coal-fired power plant is put
forward, the unit’s losses are divided into three types: operating
controllable loss, maintenance controllable loss and uncontrollable loss.
Using the unit’s performance simulation model, all kinds of objective
value and losses are determined. Scientific basis for reducing coal
consumption and improving economics of the unit is provided.
3. Theory of energy conversation potentiality diagnosis for a unit is applied
to online monitoring of the unit’s performance. The performance online
monitoring and energy-loss diagnosis system is prepared successfiilly. And
the corresponding software is developed. It is of positive affect for
improving economics of the unit and realizing the predict maintenance.
4. The calculation principle used in the performance online monitoring
system for a coal-fired power-generating unit is researched. The influence
to the unit’s performance calculation precision caused by some primary
parameters”metering error is calculated quantitatively. Guiding for
improving the precision of the unit’s performance monitoring system is
provided in theory.
引文
[1] H.G.CRIM,R.H.LEYSE,S.GEHL,The Mark 1 Performance Monitoring System at PEPCo,Morgantown-2,ASME,89-JPGC/PTC-4,1989.
[2] Mark D.Tucker,Glenn Y.Masada, Diagnostic Monitoring System For Power Plant Boilers, ASME 83-JPGC-Pwt-18,1983.
[3] Edward k.Levy,H.G.Crim, John G. Cogoli,Analysis of The Effects of Coal Fineness,Excess Air and Exit Gas Temperature On The Heat Rate of A Coal Fired Power Plant,ASME 84-JPGC-Pwr-1,1984.
[4] HARRY S, BROCATO.R, Portable Computer System Incorporates Uncertainty Analysis in Performance Test Code Field Tests,ASME 92-JPGC-PTC-5,1992.
[5] Richard J.Kafka, Lester H.Fink, Neal J.Balu, and Howell G.Crim, An Advanced Dispatch Simulator with Advanced Dispatch Algorithm, IEEE Computer Application in Power, Vol.2,No.4 October 1989.
[6] C.Kona, R.W.de Mello, S.E.Williams, and R.h. Leyse, Plant Monitoring Workstation with Online Determination of Incremental Heat Rate, IEEE Computer Application in Power, Vol.3,No.4 October 1990.
[7] 傅忠广，杨昆，宋之平，大机组故障诊断技术的展望，现代电力，Vol，14，No，4，1997，11．
[8] Peter J. Clelland, Performance Monitoring vs. Heat Rate Testing, Power Engineering Conference, 1990
[9] GREGORY W. KOZLIK, KEVIN W.BLEAKLEY,Boiler Optimization Program Application of An On-Line Expert System, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1990.
[10] Jiang Yong and Zhou Liangmao, Microcomputer Finds The Guaranteed Performance of A Turbine-Generator In Simplified Acceptance Test. Power Engineering Conference, 1994.
[11] Zhang Jian and Cao Zuqing,On-Line Fault Detection on High-Pressure Feedwater Heater In Power Plant Using Parameter Estimation Method. Power Engineering Conference, 1994.
[12] Heat rate improvement guideliness for existing fossil plants,EPRI-4554,1986.
[13] 杨勇平，王加璇，汽轮机性能评价的新准则—佣效率，汽轮机技术，1995年3月。
[14] 忻建华，叶春，陈汉平，钟芳源，300MW汽轮机高压缸通流部分故障的热参数模糊诊断，动力工程，Vol．17．No．3，1997．6．
[15] Steady State Performance Simulation Model for J.M.Stuart Station Unit 2, ASME 89-JPGC/PWr-22.
[16] 倪维斗，蒋东翔，汪健，大型电站性能监测分析与诊断技术研究，动力工程，Vol．17 No．3 June 1997．
[18]．李恩辰，火力发电厂锅炉计算知识，水利电力出版社，1990．
[19]．国际电力，Vol．2，No．1，1998．3．
[20]．郝志莉，叶春，电站汽轮机组通流部分故障分析及诊断，动力工程，Vol．15．No．1，1995．2．
[21]．杨勇平，火电厂效率、成本、优化、仿真的理论研究与应用，中国科学院博士论文，1995．11．
[22]．冯慧雯，汽轮机课程设计参考资料，水利电力出版社，1991．
[23]．赵翔，任有中，锅炉课程设计，水利电力出版社，1991．
[24]．汪健，倪维斗，基于模糊神经网络的凝汽器故障诊断系统研究，动力工程，Vol．17 No．1，1997．2．
[25]．汪健，倪维斗，人工神经网络用于电厂故障诊断，动力工程，Vol．17 No．1，1997．4
[26]．沈士一，庄贺庆，康松，庞立云，汽轮机原理，水利电力出版社，1992．
[27]．郑体宽，热力发电厂，水利电力出版社，1991．
[28]．李录平，韩西京，韩守木，火电机组故障诊断技术的现状与展望，电力情报，No．3 1997．
[29]．东北电力实验研究院，锦州发电厂#6炉大修前后锅炉热效率测定实验总结报告，1994．9．
[30]．冯俊凯等，锅炉原理及计算，水利电力出版社，1992．
[31]．哈尔滨锅炉厂，HG-670/140-9锅炉热力计算书．
[32]．马宪国，陈之航，电站锅炉故障诊断专家系统的研究与应用，动力工程，Vol．12，No．6，1992．12．
[33]．曹祖庆，汽轮机变工况特性，水利电力出版社，1991．
[34]. Michael Mcclintock, Rick Mancini, A Fossil Power Plant Performance Expert system, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1989.
[35]. PATRICK M.MCHALE,JEFFREY A.NOBE, An Integrated Approach
to Performance Testing Turnkey Cogeneration Facilities,ASME 92-JPGC-PWr-18,1992．
[3 6] Jiang Yong,Pen Jingxin and Zhou Liangmao, A Comprehensive Evaluation of 200MW Turbine-Generators-Thermodynamic Performance,Operating Modes and Reliability Analyses. Power Engineering Conference, 1994．
[3 7] .Zhou Keyi and Zhang Chengyue ,Mathmatical Modeling For Performance Analysis of Power Boiler In Operation, Power Engineering Conference, 1994．
[38] .P.L.Scholl and S.G. Warren, Heat Rate and Availability Improvement Programs,Proceeding of the American Power Conference, 1991．
[39] .A.R.Dormer, Real-Time Optimization for Power Generation and CHP,Power Engineering Journal March 1992．
[40] Joseph J.Lula, Daniel A.Kostyk, Evaluation of Plant Life Extension Modification: A Condenser Retubing Example, Proceeding of the American Power Conference, 1991．
[2] Mark D.Tucker,Glenn Y.Masada, Diagnostic Monitoring System For Power Plant Boilers, ASME 83-JPGC-Pwt-18,1983.
[3] Edward k.Levy,H.G.Crim, John G. Cogoli,Analysis of The Effects of Coal Fineness,Excess Air and Exit Gas Temperature On The Heat Rate of A Coal Fired Power Plant,ASME 84-JPGC-Pwr-1,1984.
[4] HARRY S, BROCATO.R, Portable Computer System Incorporates Uncertainty Analysis in Performance Test Code Field Tests,ASME 92-JPGC-PTC-5,1992.
[5] Richard J.Kafka, Lester H.Fink, Neal J.Balu, and Howell G.Crim, An Advanced Dispatch Simulator with Advanced Dispatch Algorithm, IEEE Computer Application in Power, Vol.2,No.4 October 1989.
[6] C.Kona, R.W.de Mello, S.E.Williams, and R.h. Leyse, Plant Monitoring Workstation with Online Determination of Incremental Heat Rate, IEEE Computer Application in Power, Vol.3,No.4 October 1990.
[7] 傅忠广，杨昆，宋之平，大机组故障诊断技术的展望，现代电力，Vol，14，No，4，1997，11．
[8] Peter J. Clelland, Performance Monitoring vs. Heat Rate Testing, Power Engineering Conference, 1990
[9] GREGORY W. KOZLIK, KEVIN W.BLEAKLEY,Boiler Optimization Program Application of An On-Line Expert System, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1990.
[10] Jiang Yong and Zhou Liangmao, Microcomputer Finds The Guaranteed Performance of A Turbine-Generator In Simplified Acceptance Test. Power Engineering Conference, 1994.
[11] Zhang Jian and Cao Zuqing,On-Line Fault Detection on High-Pressure Feedwater Heater In Power Plant Using Parameter Estimation Method. Power Engineering Conference, 1994.
[12] Heat rate improvement guideliness for existing fossil plants,EPRI-4554,1986.
[13] 杨勇平，王加璇，汽轮机性能评价的新准则—佣效率，汽轮机技术，1995年3月。
[14] 忻建华，叶春，陈汉平，钟芳源，300MW汽轮机高压缸通流部分故障的热参数模糊诊断，动力工程，Vol．17．No．3，1997．6．
[15] Steady State Performance Simulation Model for J.M.Stuart Station Unit 2, ASME 89-JPGC/PWr-22.
[16] 倪维斗，蒋东翔，汪健，大型电站性能监测分析与诊断技术研究，动力工程，Vol．17 No．3 June 1997．
[18]．李恩辰，火力发电厂锅炉计算知识，水利电力出版社，1990．
[19]．国际电力，Vol．2，No．1，1998．3．
[20]．郝志莉，叶春，电站汽轮机组通流部分故障分析及诊断，动力工程，Vol．15．No．1，1995．2．
[21]．杨勇平，火电厂效率、成本、优化、仿真的理论研究与应用，中国科学院博士论文，1995．11．
[22]．冯慧雯，汽轮机课程设计参考资料，水利电力出版社，1991．
[23]．赵翔，任有中，锅炉课程设计，水利电力出版社，1991．
[24]．汪健，倪维斗，基于模糊神经网络的凝汽器故障诊断系统研究，动力工程，Vol．17 No．1，1997．2．
[25]．汪健，倪维斗，人工神经网络用于电厂故障诊断，动力工程，Vol．17 No．1，1997．4
[26]．沈士一，庄贺庆，康松，庞立云，汽轮机原理，水利电力出版社，1992．
[27]．郑体宽，热力发电厂，水利电力出版社，1991．
[28]．李录平，韩西京，韩守木，火电机组故障诊断技术的现状与展望，电力情报，No．3 1997．
[29]．东北电力实验研究院，锦州发电厂#6炉大修前后锅炉热效率测定实验总结报告，1994．9．
[30]．冯俊凯等，锅炉原理及计算，水利电力出版社，1992．
[31]．哈尔滨锅炉厂，HG-670/140-9锅炉热力计算书．
[32]．马宪国，陈之航，电站锅炉故障诊断专家系统的研究与应用，动力工程，Vol．12，No．6，1992．12．
[33]．曹祖庆，汽轮机变工况特性，水利电力出版社，1991．
[34]. Michael Mcclintock, Rick Mancini, A Fossil Power Plant Performance Expert system, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, 1989.
[35]. PATRICK M.MCHALE,JEFFREY A.NOBE, An Integrated Approach
to Performance Testing Turnkey Cogeneration Facilities,ASME 92-JPGC-PWr-18,1992．
[3 6] Jiang Yong,Pen Jingxin and Zhou Liangmao, A Comprehensive Evaluation of 200MW Turbine-Generators-Thermodynamic Performance,Operating Modes and Reliability Analyses. Power Engineering Conference, 1994．
[3 7] .Zhou Keyi and Zhang Chengyue ,Mathmatical Modeling For Performance Analysis of Power Boiler In Operation, Power Engineering Conference, 1994．
[38] .P.L.Scholl and S.G. Warren, Heat Rate and Availability Improvement Programs,Proceeding of the American Power Conference, 1991．
[39] .A.R.Dormer, Real-Time Optimization for Power Generation and CHP,Power Engineering Journal March 1992．
[40] Joseph J.Lula, Daniel A.Kostyk, Evaluation of Plant Life Extension Modification: A Condenser Retubing Example, Proceeding of the American Power Conference, 1991．