变电站电压无功控制装置实用技术研究
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摘要
变电站电压无功综合控制的一般方法是通过调节变压器分接头和
控制投切电容器组实现局部电压无功综合优化。为解决目前控制装置
存在的准确性差、动作频繁、安装使用不便等问题，本文进行了一些
研究，并完成了装置的制作工作。
作者根据装置的技术要求，首先对交流采样算法进行了研究，在
不增加硬件投资的条件下解决了同步采样的问题；对无功功率的测量
误差进行了分析，并提出了提高精度的方法；推导了基于交流采样和
傅立叶算法的三相功率算法，该方法有效地消除了由于三相不平衡引
起的测量误差；对常用的“井”字图动作判据进行了研究和改进，使
动作过于频繁的缺点得以改善。
作者完成了装置的硬件、软件设计和制作，并对研制的样机进行
全面测试，试验结果表明该装置调节和控制方法合理，准确性、可靠
性高，性能指标完全满足变电站运行需要，达到了实用化的要求。
In most substations, adjusting transformer on load tap changer and
shunt capacitors is the method used for local voltage/reactive power
optimization. To solve the problems (such as: low accuracy, low
reliability, too many adjusting times, etc.) of the voltage/reactive power
synthetic controller, deeper study was performed in the paper, and a new
controller was developed.
Through the study of algorithm, the problem of synchronization in AC
sampling is solved without adding investment of hardware.
Measurement error of reactive power was analyzed, and measures had
been taken to improve accuracy. A formula based on AC sampling and
Fourier analysis was developed to eliminate error in 3-phase reactive
power measurement for unbalance of 3-phase. Adjusting times was
greatly decreased because of the improvement of 9-area method used for
voltage/reactive synthetic control.
Hardware and Software of the controller had been developed, and
passed the test according to the standards about it. It had been proved by
the testing result that the controller is utility and has advantages of
reasonable method, high accuracy, high reliability, and fit for running in
substations.
Liu Chun Ming (Power System Automation)
DIRECTED BY Liu Lian Guang
控制投切电容器组实现局部电压无功综合优化。为解决目前控制装置
存在的准确性差、动作频繁、安装使用不便等问题，本文进行了一些
研究，并完成了装置的制作工作。
作者根据装置的技术要求，首先对交流采样算法进行了研究，在
不增加硬件投资的条件下解决了同步采样的问题；对无功功率的测量
误差进行了分析，并提出了提高精度的方法；推导了基于交流采样和
傅立叶算法的三相功率算法，该方法有效地消除了由于三相不平衡引
起的测量误差；对常用的“井”字图动作判据进行了研究和改进，使
动作过于频繁的缺点得以改善。
作者完成了装置的硬件、软件设计和制作，并对研制的样机进行
全面测试，试验结果表明该装置调节和控制方法合理，准确性、可靠
性高，性能指标完全满足变电站运行需要，达到了实用化的要求。
In most substations, adjusting transformer on load tap changer and
shunt capacitors is the method used for local voltage/reactive power
optimization. To solve the problems (such as: low accuracy, low
reliability, too many adjusting times, etc.) of the voltage/reactive power
synthetic controller, deeper study was performed in the paper, and a new
controller was developed.
Through the study of algorithm, the problem of synchronization in AC
sampling is solved without adding investment of hardware.
Measurement error of reactive power was analyzed, and measures had
been taken to improve accuracy. A formula based on AC sampling and
Fourier analysis was developed to eliminate error in 3-phase reactive
power measurement for unbalance of 3-phase. Adjusting times was
greatly decreased because of the improvement of 9-area method used for
voltage/reactive synthetic control.
Hardware and Software of the controller had been developed, and
passed the test according to the standards about it. It had been proved by
the testing result that the controller is utility and has advantages of
reasonable method, high accuracy, high reliability, and fit for running in
substations.
Liu Chun Ming (Power System Automation)
DIRECTED BY Liu Lian Guang
引文
[1] C. J. Bridenbaugh, D. A. Dimascio, and R. D. Aquila, Voltage control inprovement through capacitor and transformer tap optimization, IEEE Trans. on Power System, Vol. 7, NO. 1, February 1992, pp. 744-752
[2] K. Tomsovic, A fuzzy linear programming approach to reactive power/voltage control problem, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, February 1992, pp. 287-293
[3] F. C Lu and Y. Y. Hsu, Reactive power/voltage control in distribution substation using dynamic programming, IEE Proceedings, Part C, Vol.142, No. 6, Nonember 1995
[4] S. Narita and M. S. A. A. Hamman, A computational algrithom for real time control of system voltage and reactive power, IEEE Trans on Power App. Syst. Vol. Pas-90. pp. 2495-2508. Nov/Dec. 1971
[5] 许业清，实用无功功率补偿技术，中国科技大学出版社，1998
[6] 孙淑信等，大型变电站微机自动调压系统的研究，电力系统自动化，1995．7
[7] 施玉祥、陶晓农，中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究，电力系统自动化，1996．9
[8] 历吉文、李红梅等，变电所电压和无功自动调节判据的研究，中国电力，1995
[9] 孙淑信，变电站微机检测与控制，水利电力出版社，1995
[10] 韩祯祥，电力系统自动控制，水利电力出版社，1994
[11] 袁涛等，PL／M-96程序设计语言及其应用，清华大学出版社，1990
[12] 杨奇逊，微型机继电保护基础，中国电力出版社，1988
[13] 雷惠博，三相电量对称性对无功功率变送器测量误差的影响，电力系统自动化，1996．8
[14] 沈建威、马念祖，利用微机交流采样技术消除三相无功功率测量中的不对称误差，电力系统自动化，1996．5
[15] 李烈忠，从变电站中的电压、无功自动控制原理看远动系统功能的改进，电力自动化设备，1989．4
[16] 孙涵芳，Intel 16位单片机，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[17] 徐士良，计算机常用算法，清华大学出版社，1989
[18] 王世一，数字信号处理，北京理工大学出版社，1997
[19] 陈珩，电力系统稳态分析，水利电力出版社，1995
[20] GB／T7261-XXXX继电器及装置基本试验方法(报批稿)
[21] DL／T672-1999变电所电压无功调节控制装置订货技术条件，中国电力出版社，1999
[22] 杨争林，智能型变电站电压、无功综合自动控制研究，天津大学电气自动化与能源工程学院硕士学位论文，1999
[23] 王德林，电压无功综合调节新方案研究，华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文，1997
[24] 高亮，电气化铁道广义无功补偿控制器的研究，中国农业大学硕士学位论文，1998
[2] K. Tomsovic, A fuzzy linear programming approach to reactive power/voltage control problem, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, February 1992, pp. 287-293
[3] F. C Lu and Y. Y. Hsu, Reactive power/voltage control in distribution substation using dynamic programming, IEE Proceedings, Part C, Vol.142, No. 6, Nonember 1995
[4] S. Narita and M. S. A. A. Hamman, A computational algrithom for real time control of system voltage and reactive power, IEEE Trans on Power App. Syst. Vol. Pas-90. pp. 2495-2508. Nov/Dec. 1971
[5] 许业清，实用无功功率补偿技术，中国科技大学出版社，1998
[6] 孙淑信等，大型变电站微机自动调压系统的研究，电力系统自动化，1995．7
[7] 施玉祥、陶晓农，中低压变电站电压无功调节的研究，电力系统自动化，1996．9
[8] 历吉文、李红梅等，变电所电压和无功自动调节判据的研究，中国电力，1995
[9] 孙淑信，变电站微机检测与控制，水利电力出版社，1995
[10] 韩祯祥，电力系统自动控制，水利电力出版社，1994
[11] 袁涛等，PL／M-96程序设计语言及其应用，清华大学出版社，1990
[12] 杨奇逊，微型机继电保护基础，中国电力出版社，1988
[13] 雷惠博，三相电量对称性对无功功率变送器测量误差的影响，电力系统自动化，1996．8
[14] 沈建威、马念祖，利用微机交流采样技术消除三相无功功率测量中的不对称误差，电力系统自动化，1996．5
[15] 李烈忠，从变电站中的电压、无功自动控制原理看远动系统功能的改进，电力自动化设备，1989．4
[16] 孙涵芳，Intel 16位单片机，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[17] 徐士良，计算机常用算法，清华大学出版社，1989
[18] 王世一，数字信号处理，北京理工大学出版社，1997
[19] 陈珩，电力系统稳态分析，水利电力出版社，1995
[20] GB／T7261-XXXX继电器及装置基本试验方法(报批稿)
[21] DL／T672-1999变电所电压无功调节控制装置订货技术条件，中国电力出版社，1999
[22] 杨争林，智能型变电站电压、无功综合自动控制研究，天津大学电气自动化与能源工程学院硕士学位论文，1999
[23] 王德林，电压无功综合调节新方案研究，华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文，1997
[24] 高亮，电气化铁道广义无功补偿控制器的研究，中国农业大学硕士学位论文，1998