我国区域之间电力互换效益分析模型研究
摘要
电力行业同时具有公用事业和自然垄断的双重属性,虽然无法像其他商品流通行业一样,通过自由竞争路径来实现企业效率和效益的双提高,但在企业社会责任和公众及政府监管的内在和外在双重要求下,必须以为社会提供质优价廉的电力供应和公平优质服务为目标开展业务。深入研究如何在电力行业内部实现资源优化配置,可获得明显的经济效益和环境效益。我国能源资源分布不均的自然资源禀赋特性、电力消费与生产中心分布的不对称以及逐年大幅增长的电力消费量,使得我国的大部分地区面临着严峻的能源持续供应危机,这样的现状决定了相对于各区域电网之间的竞争,未来区域之间合作与电力互换的趋势更加显著。由于区域之间的利益关系比较复杂,利益协调需要具备一定依据。因此,本文从经济和减排两个角度研究区域之间的电力互换问题,完成的工作主要如下：
(1)总结了国内外学者在区域电力互换领域方面的研究成果；分析了我国可再生能源资源、核电资源、煤炭发电资源和天然气发电资源区域分布条件；剖析了我国区域间能源生产与消费需求平衡。
(2)针对区域电力互换能效、排放与相关政策,对比分析了不同类型发电资源的发电能效、高耗电行业区域分布及不同类型发电机组污染物排放,介绍了国内外节能减排相关的法律法规。
(3)针对区域电力互换成本、价格及相关政策,对比分析了不同类型发电资源的发电成本、上网电价和区域间销售电价,并介绍了关于电力价格的相关法律法规。
(4)针对区域间电力互换的判定问题,对比分析了区域间购煤发电和直接购电成本,以区域电力互换为研究对象,分别构建了区域电力外送和区域电力外购判定分析模型,并进一步构建了区域电力外购优化模型。
(5)针对区域燃煤发电互换问题,基于我国区域间燃煤发电上网价格比较,构建了区域燃煤发电互换节煤量分析模型、发电增值分析模型和污染物减排分析模型,算例结果表明,区域燃煤发电互换具有经济和环境效益。
(6)在区域燃煤发电互换的基础上,进一步研究了区域间多类型发电互换效益问题,讨论了区域多类型发电参与电力互换的经济效益和环境效益,分别构建了区域间多类型发电互换经济效益和环境效益分析模型,算例结果表明,可通过充分实现不同区域多种类型能源资源之间的发电互换,取得更加显著的电力互换效益。
(7)在区域多类型发电互换效益分析模型的基础上,深入研究了多区域、多类型发电参与电力互换交易的优化问题,构建了区域电力市场协调机制下发电资源调度优化模型,以此为基础,分别构建了不考虑时段情形和考虑时段情形下的区域发电互换交易优化模型。
Dual attribution of electric power industry are the public-utility and natural monopoly, the latter one decide that the industry may not achieve efficiency improvement through free competition, like other commodity circulation industries do, but with internal and external requirements, that is to say, with the enterprise' social responsibility as well as the supervision by public and regulation by government, the former attribution of the industry decide that it has to conduct the business with goals of providing qualified and cheap electricity supply with fair services to the community. So an in-depth study on how to realize optimal allocation of resources in the power industry has to be launched so as to improve the resource allocation decision of electric power industry to achieve benefit in both fields of economic and environment. China's natural resources endowment characteristic shows that energy resources are unevenly distributed. Most areas of our country is facing serious energy continuous supply crisis because of the asymmetric location of power consumption and production center and year-by-year power consumption increasing. These statuses result in the trend of future regional cooperation and power exchange rather than the competition between the regional power grids. It is because the interest relations between regions are relatively complicated, that the coordination requires a certain theoretical basis. This paper studied the power exchange among regions from the perspectives of economic and carbon emission reduction; the completed works are as follows:
(1) Summarizes scholars' study about electricity exchange research results home and abroad; analysis the conditions of regional resources distribution of China's renewable energy resources, nuclear power resources, coal and natural gas power generation resources; analysis inter-regional energy production and consumption demand balance.
(2) As to the energy efficiency, emissions and related policies of power exchange among regions, comparatively analysis the energy efficiency of different types of power generation resources, regional distribution of high power-consuming industries and the pollutant emissions of different types of power generation resources; introduces related laws and regulations of energy conservation home and abroad.
(3) As to the costs, prices and related policies of electricity exchange among regions, comparatively analysis costs, feed-in tariffs and inter-regional sales price of the different types of electricity generation resources, introduces the relevant laws and regulations of electricity prices.
(4) As to the determination of the power exchange among regions, comparatively analysis the costs between purchase coal generation and power exchange; constructs the regional power delivery and power purchased determination analysis model respectively, and further constructs regional electricity purchased optimization model.
(5)As to the thermal power exchange among regions, constructs the interchangeable coal fired power generation capacity analysis model, thermal-power generation value-added analysis model and pollutant emissions analysis model based on deeply comparatively feed-in tariff analysis of thermal power. Numerical results show that the regional coal exchange have economic and environmental benefits.
(6) Multiple types of inter-regional power exchange efficiency issues were studied based on the thermal power exchange among regions. Benefits evaluation model for multiple types of inter-regional power generation exchange was constructed. Numerical results show that if the multi-types of inter-regional power generation exchange transaction can be fully realized, more significant power exchange benefit and efficiency will be achieved.
(7)Based on the benefit analysis model of the multi-type power generation exchange among regions, an in-depth study on the optimization of multi-regional, multi-type power generation exchange transaction was made, the regional generating resource scheduling optimization model under the electricity market coordination mechanism was constructed. Further, the regional electricity swaps optimization models with and without considering the period case were also constructed.
(1)总结了国内外学者在区域电力互换领域方面的研究成果；分析了我国可再生能源资源、核电资源、煤炭发电资源和天然气发电资源区域分布条件；剖析了我国区域间能源生产与消费需求平衡。
(2)针对区域电力互换能效、排放与相关政策,对比分析了不同类型发电资源的发电能效、高耗电行业区域分布及不同类型发电机组污染物排放,介绍了国内外节能减排相关的法律法规。
(3)针对区域电力互换成本、价格及相关政策,对比分析了不同类型发电资源的发电成本、上网电价和区域间销售电价,并介绍了关于电力价格的相关法律法规。
(4)针对区域间电力互换的判定问题,对比分析了区域间购煤发电和直接购电成本,以区域电力互换为研究对象,分别构建了区域电力外送和区域电力外购判定分析模型,并进一步构建了区域电力外购优化模型。
(5)针对区域燃煤发电互换问题,基于我国区域间燃煤发电上网价格比较,构建了区域燃煤发电互换节煤量分析模型、发电增值分析模型和污染物减排分析模型,算例结果表明,区域燃煤发电互换具有经济和环境效益。
(6)在区域燃煤发电互换的基础上,进一步研究了区域间多类型发电互换效益问题,讨论了区域多类型发电参与电力互换的经济效益和环境效益,分别构建了区域间多类型发电互换经济效益和环境效益分析模型,算例结果表明,可通过充分实现不同区域多种类型能源资源之间的发电互换,取得更加显著的电力互换效益。
(7)在区域多类型发电互换效益分析模型的基础上,深入研究了多区域、多类型发电参与电力互换交易的优化问题,构建了区域电力市场协调机制下发电资源调度优化模型,以此为基础,分别构建了不考虑时段情形和考虑时段情形下的区域发电互换交易优化模型。
Dual attribution of electric power industry are the public-utility and natural monopoly, the latter one decide that the industry may not achieve efficiency improvement through free competition, like other commodity circulation industries do, but with internal and external requirements, that is to say, with the enterprise' social responsibility as well as the supervision by public and regulation by government, the former attribution of the industry decide that it has to conduct the business with goals of providing qualified and cheap electricity supply with fair services to the community. So an in-depth study on how to realize optimal allocation of resources in the power industry has to be launched so as to improve the resource allocation decision of electric power industry to achieve benefit in both fields of economic and environment. China's natural resources endowment characteristic shows that energy resources are unevenly distributed. Most areas of our country is facing serious energy continuous supply crisis because of the asymmetric location of power consumption and production center and year-by-year power consumption increasing. These statuses result in the trend of future regional cooperation and power exchange rather than the competition between the regional power grids. It is because the interest relations between regions are relatively complicated, that the coordination requires a certain theoretical basis. This paper studied the power exchange among regions from the perspectives of economic and carbon emission reduction; the completed works are as follows:
(1) Summarizes scholars' study about electricity exchange research results home and abroad; analysis the conditions of regional resources distribution of China's renewable energy resources, nuclear power resources, coal and natural gas power generation resources; analysis inter-regional energy production and consumption demand balance.
(2) As to the energy efficiency, emissions and related policies of power exchange among regions, comparatively analysis the energy efficiency of different types of power generation resources, regional distribution of high power-consuming industries and the pollutant emissions of different types of power generation resources; introduces related laws and regulations of energy conservation home and abroad.
(3) As to the costs, prices and related policies of electricity exchange among regions, comparatively analysis costs, feed-in tariffs and inter-regional sales price of the different types of electricity generation resources, introduces the relevant laws and regulations of electricity prices.
(4) As to the determination of the power exchange among regions, comparatively analysis the costs between purchase coal generation and power exchange; constructs the regional power delivery and power purchased determination analysis model respectively, and further constructs regional electricity purchased optimization model.
(5)As to the thermal power exchange among regions, constructs the interchangeable coal fired power generation capacity analysis model, thermal-power generation value-added analysis model and pollutant emissions analysis model based on deeply comparatively feed-in tariff analysis of thermal power. Numerical results show that the regional coal exchange have economic and environmental benefits.
(6) Multiple types of inter-regional power exchange efficiency issues were studied based on the thermal power exchange among regions. Benefits evaluation model for multiple types of inter-regional power generation exchange was constructed. Numerical results show that if the multi-types of inter-regional power generation exchange transaction can be fully realized, more significant power exchange benefit and efficiency will be achieved.
(7)Based on the benefit analysis model of the multi-type power generation exchange among regions, an in-depth study on the optimization of multi-regional, multi-type power generation exchange transaction was made, the regional generating resource scheduling optimization model under the electricity market coordination mechanism was constructed. Further, the regional electricity swaps optimization models with and without considering the period case were also constructed.
引文
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