徐家围子断陷火山岩天然气成藏与分布主控因素研究
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摘要
充分利用徐家围子断陷地质、地震、测井及各种分析化验资料,结合区域地质背景,对徐家围子断陷火山岩形成、发育特征、天然气来源、成藏机制及成藏模式进行了系统研究。研究认为徐家围子断陷是受徐西和宋西边界主干断裂控制的西断东超的箕状断陷,具有“两隆三凹”的构造格局。构造演化经历了孕育、发展和萎缩三个阶段,期间经历三期构造挤压,形成断弯褶皱、断展褶皱和反转构造,同拉张作用形成的伸展构造和调节构造共同构成深层天然气的有利圈闭带。通过天然气δ~(13)C_1～δ~(13)C_4、轻烃碳同位素、氢同位素、轻烃组成特征对比,认为徐家围子断陷火山岩天然气主要来自沙河子组煤系源岩,少量来自火石岭组和营城组源岩。徐家围子断陷火山岩主要分布在营一、三段和火一段,按着火山岩相的“岩性-组构-成因”分类方案,共划分出五相十五亚相。明确了近火山口多种相叠合区、远火山口爆发-喷溢相叠合区为有利火山岩相带。火山岩储集空间按成因可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝三种类型,最主要的孔隙为气孔、杏仁孔、晶粒间孔和斑晶溶孔,最主要的裂缝为构造裂缝和炸裂缝。有利火山岩储层主要沿着三条断裂带呈北北西或近南北向呈串珠状分布,自西向东分别为徐西断裂区带、宋西断裂区带和榆西断裂区带。通过升平气藏和兴城气藏典型火山岩气藏解剖,认为气藏整体为岩性-构造圈闭,火山岩储层为喷溢相上部亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相以及火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相3种亚相,但非均质性非常严重。为正常温压系统,不具有统一的气水界面及压力系统,表现为上气下水的分异特征。徐家围子断陷火山岩天然气成藏与分布主要受源岩区、深大断裂、火山岩相、古隆起及火山岩自身盖层的控制。火山岩天然气成藏的主要时期是泉头组沉积末期～青山口组沉积中期、嫩江组沉积末期和明水组沉积末期。其成藏模式主要有近源断裂输导火山岩成藏和远源断裂输导火山岩成藏两种。
Ingtegrating with the study of regional geologic background, the thesis has full used the geology, seismic, well-logging and analysis data to systematically study the formation and development characteristics of igneous rock, genesis of gas, and the mechanism and model for igneous gas reservoir formation in Xujiaweizi Rift. The result shows that Xujiaweizi Rift is a half graben-like fault depression that consists of fault in the west and overlap in the east, and is controlled by the main boundering faults of Xuxi Fault and Xuzhong Fault which divide Xujiaweizi Rift into“two uplifts and three depressions”in structural pattern. The structural evolution of Xujiaweizi Rift has experienced three stages—incubation,development and fade—during which three structural compactions result in fault-bending fold, fault-propagation fold and inversion structure. These structures along with the extentional structure and accommodation structure caused by extensional movement provide the favorable trap belts for deep gas accumulation. Gas characteristics comparison inδ~(13)C_1-δ~(13)C_4, carbon isotope of light hydrocarbon, hydrogen isotope and the construction of light hydrocarbon in Xujiaweizi Rift proves that gas of igneous reservior is mainly from coal measure strata of Shahezi Formation(K_1sh), and part of it from the source rock of Huoshiling Formation(J_3–K_1h) and Yingcheng Formation(K_1yc). The igneous rocks in Xujiaweizi Rift mainly distributes in K_1yc1, K_1yc_3 and J_3–K_1h_1. Five kinds of facies and fifteen kinds of subfacies are classified according to the igneous rock facies classification scheme of lithology—texture—genesis. It can be surely believed that the favorable igneous rock facies belt are multi-facies overlapping zone near the volcanic crater and eruption-effusion facies overlapping zone far from the volcanic crater. In the light of genesis the igneous reservoir space is divided into primary pore, secondary pore and fracture.The most important types of pores are air hole, amygdale, intercrystalline pore and phanerocryst dissolved pore. The structural facture and explosive fracture are the most important fracture types. The favorable igneous reservoir mainly distributes along three fracture belts, which are Xuxi fracture belt, Songxi fracture belt and Yuxi fracture belt from west to east, like pinch and swell form in general direction of NNW or nearly north-south. The analysis of typical gas reservoirs in igneous rock of Shengping and Xingcheng shows that the type of gas reservoirs entirely is litho-structual, and that the igneous reservoir distributes in the following three sub-facies: the upper sub-facies of effusion facies, thermal debris flow sub-facies of explosion facies and cryptoexplosive breccia sub-facies of volcanic conduit facies, but serious are the reservoir heterogeneity. Both gas reservoirs belong to the normal temperature-pressure system, which don’t have unified gas-water contact or pressure system, but the differential characteristics with gas upward and water downward. Formation and distribution of igneous gas reservoir in the Rift are mainly controlled by source rock distributed area, discordogenic fault, igneous rock facies, palaeohigh and igneous caprock of its own. Main periods of igneous gas reservoir formation are from the last stage of K_1q to the middle stage of K_1qn, the last stage of K_1n and the last stage of K_2m respectively. The models for igneous gas reservoir formation mainly include two types: Transported by the faults near source rock type and Transported by the faults far from source rock type.
Ingtegrating with the study of regional geologic background, the thesis has full used the geology, seismic, well-logging and analysis data to systematically study the formation and development characteristics of igneous rock, genesis of gas, and the mechanism and model for igneous gas reservoir formation in Xujiaweizi Rift. The result shows that Xujiaweizi Rift is a half graben-like fault depression that consists of fault in the west and overlap in the east, and is controlled by the main boundering faults of Xuxi Fault and Xuzhong Fault which divide Xujiaweizi Rift into“two uplifts and three depressions”in structural pattern. The structural evolution of Xujiaweizi Rift has experienced three stages—incubation,development and fade—during which three structural compactions result in fault-bending fold, fault-propagation fold and inversion structure. These structures along with the extentional structure and accommodation structure caused by extensional movement provide the favorable trap belts for deep gas accumulation. Gas characteristics comparison inδ~(13)C_1-δ~(13)C_4, carbon isotope of light hydrocarbon, hydrogen isotope and the construction of light hydrocarbon in Xujiaweizi Rift proves that gas of igneous reservior is mainly from coal measure strata of Shahezi Formation(K_1sh), and part of it from the source rock of Huoshiling Formation(J_3–K_1h) and Yingcheng Formation(K_1yc). The igneous rocks in Xujiaweizi Rift mainly distributes in K_1yc1, K_1yc_3 and J_3–K_1h_1. Five kinds of facies and fifteen kinds of subfacies are classified according to the igneous rock facies classification scheme of lithology—texture—genesis. It can be surely believed that the favorable igneous rock facies belt are multi-facies overlapping zone near the volcanic crater and eruption-effusion facies overlapping zone far from the volcanic crater. In the light of genesis the igneous reservoir space is divided into primary pore, secondary pore and fracture.The most important types of pores are air hole, amygdale, intercrystalline pore and phanerocryst dissolved pore. The structural facture and explosive fracture are the most important fracture types. The favorable igneous reservoir mainly distributes along three fracture belts, which are Xuxi fracture belt, Songxi fracture belt and Yuxi fracture belt from west to east, like pinch and swell form in general direction of NNW or nearly north-south. The analysis of typical gas reservoirs in igneous rock of Shengping and Xingcheng shows that the type of gas reservoirs entirely is litho-structual, and that the igneous reservoir distributes in the following three sub-facies: the upper sub-facies of effusion facies, thermal debris flow sub-facies of explosion facies and cryptoexplosive breccia sub-facies of volcanic conduit facies, but serious are the reservoir heterogeneity. Both gas reservoirs belong to the normal temperature-pressure system, which don’t have unified gas-water contact or pressure system, but the differential characteristics with gas upward and water downward. Formation and distribution of igneous gas reservoir in the Rift are mainly controlled by source rock distributed area, discordogenic fault, igneous rock facies, palaeohigh and igneous caprock of its own. Main periods of igneous gas reservoir formation are from the last stage of K_1q to the middle stage of K_1qn, the last stage of K_1n and the last stage of K_2m respectively. The models for igneous gas reservoir formation mainly include two types: Transported by the faults near source rock type and Transported by the faults far from source rock type.
引文
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