嵌入式仿真开发平台SoC仿真
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摘要
随着嵌入式系统的深入发展,对开发工具提出了更高的要求。在传统软硬件协同开发模式中,软件和硬件开发相互牵制,硬件干扰引起的异常行为严重影响软件的调试和测试,延误开发进度,致使软件质量难以保证。仿真开发是摆脱困境的一条有效途径。利用仿真技术模拟嵌入式硬件系统的真实运行,使软件开发和系统集成在虚拟平台上进行,在硬件原型制造前就完成系统模型验证和运行行为分析,避免软硬件开发相互等待,提高开发效率,降低风险和成本。
同时,嵌入式产品的广泛应用,导致目标硬件系统日益复杂和多样化,理想的开发环境应该提供硬件平台的全面支持。而基于构件技术的软件系统具有很高的重用性,因此在构造硬件平台的仿真系统时引入构件技术。构件模型的提取和设计是实现构件化的关键。分离的构件按照一定方式组合在一起,才构成一个完整的系统,动态集成方式将使系统具有良好的扩展性。
仿真技术也是实现仿真平台的关键。软件仿真技术的研究早已开始,系统仿真包括基于电路级和基于行为描述两种仿真方式,事件驱动是最常用的仿真方法。对于仿真的要求,有基于功能验证和周期精确两个层次,周期精确需要实现流水线级系统结构仿真。
嵌入式系统的核心是微控制器,其逻辑复杂,软件仿真是个难题。文中提出一种嵌入式微控制器仿真模型,研究了模型结构和工作原理。根据模型实现了基于ARM9核的微控制器。
周期精确的软件仿真需要把硬件流水线的并行工作方式在仿真中串行化实现,并且需要精确安排和系统中其它构件的同步时序。文中提出了一种基于流水线的周期同步方式,通过运行环境的虚拟时钟使整个系统时间同步。
Along with the in-depth development of embedded system, a higher requirement to the development tools has been raised. In the traditional software and hardware cooperative development mode, the software development and hardware development contains each other. The unconventional activities caused by the hardware interfere have seriously effected the commission and test of software, which make the quality of software being hard to be guaranteed with the delay in development process. While simulation development is an effective method to break away from the mess. Simulation technology shall be utilized to simulate the real running of embedded hardware system to enable the software development and system integration implemented on a virtual stage, so as to complete the system model verification and running activity analysis before the manufacture of hardware prototype, avoiding the mutual wait between the software development and hardware development, in order to improve the development efficiency and lower the risks and costs.
Contemporarily, the wide application of embedded products has led increasingly complexity and diversification of the object hardware system, so the ideal development environment should be provided with the fully support from hardware platform. And since the software system on the base of structural technology has been provided with a most importance, the structural technology shall be introduced in the construction of simulation system for hardware platform. The withdrawal and design of structure model is key for the achievement of structuralization. The separate structure shall be assembled together as per a certain type to construct a complete system. The dynamic integration mode is also the key point for the achievement of simulation platform. The study of software simulation technology has been commenced long before. The system simulation includes two modes based on the circuit simulation and behavioral description simulation. Event-driven is a commonly used simulation mode. The hiberarchy of software simulation are function verification and cycle-accurate behavioral simulation. The latter are required for make up the model of pipelined processor.
The core of embedded system is the microcontroller. With complex logic of which, the software simulation is a problem. In this article, advantages of two simulation
同时,嵌入式产品的广泛应用,导致目标硬件系统日益复杂和多样化,理想的开发环境应该提供硬件平台的全面支持。而基于构件技术的软件系统具有很高的重用性,因此在构造硬件平台的仿真系统时引入构件技术。构件模型的提取和设计是实现构件化的关键。分离的构件按照一定方式组合在一起,才构成一个完整的系统,动态集成方式将使系统具有良好的扩展性。
仿真技术也是实现仿真平台的关键。软件仿真技术的研究早已开始,系统仿真包括基于电路级和基于行为描述两种仿真方式,事件驱动是最常用的仿真方法。对于仿真的要求,有基于功能验证和周期精确两个层次,周期精确需要实现流水线级系统结构仿真。
嵌入式系统的核心是微控制器,其逻辑复杂,软件仿真是个难题。文中提出一种嵌入式微控制器仿真模型,研究了模型结构和工作原理。根据模型实现了基于ARM9核的微控制器。
周期精确的软件仿真需要把硬件流水线的并行工作方式在仿真中串行化实现,并且需要精确安排和系统中其它构件的同步时序。文中提出了一种基于流水线的周期同步方式,通过运行环境的虚拟时钟使整个系统时间同步。
Along with the in-depth development of embedded system, a higher requirement to the development tools has been raised. In the traditional software and hardware cooperative development mode, the software development and hardware development contains each other. The unconventional activities caused by the hardware interfere have seriously effected the commission and test of software, which make the quality of software being hard to be guaranteed with the delay in development process. While simulation development is an effective method to break away from the mess. Simulation technology shall be utilized to simulate the real running of embedded hardware system to enable the software development and system integration implemented on a virtual stage, so as to complete the system model verification and running activity analysis before the manufacture of hardware prototype, avoiding the mutual wait between the software development and hardware development, in order to improve the development efficiency and lower the risks and costs.
Contemporarily, the wide application of embedded products has led increasingly complexity and diversification of the object hardware system, so the ideal development environment should be provided with the fully support from hardware platform. And since the software system on the base of structural technology has been provided with a most importance, the structural technology shall be introduced in the construction of simulation system for hardware platform. The withdrawal and design of structure model is key for the achievement of structuralization. The separate structure shall be assembled together as per a certain type to construct a complete system. The dynamic integration mode is also the key point for the achievement of simulation platform. The study of software simulation technology has been commenced long before. The system simulation includes two modes based on the circuit simulation and behavioral description simulation. Event-driven is a commonly used simulation mode. The hiberarchy of software simulation are function verification and cycle-accurate behavioral simulation. The latter are required for make up the model of pipelined processor.
The core of embedded system is the microcontroller. With complex logic of which, the software simulation is a problem. In this article, advantages of two simulation
引文
1. MacDougall M.H..Computer System Simulation[J]. ACM Press,1970,2(3):191-209.
2. Steve Furber. ARM SoC 体系结构[M]. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,10:220-230.
3. In-Cheol Park, Fast cycle-accurate behavioral simulation for pipelined processors using early pipeline evaluation, Computer Aided Design, 2003:35-38.
4. ARM Architecture Reference Manual , http://www.arm.com.
5. 陈渝,李明,杨晔, 源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践—基于 SkyEye 和ARM 开发平台, 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
6. David Krahl . The Extend Simulation Environment. U.S.A.
7. Bill Blunden,虚拟机的设计与实现[M],北京 机械工业出版社,2003 : 20-44.
8. Ana Belen Abril Garcia, Jean Gobert, Thomas Dombek, Cycle-Accurate Energy Estimation in System Level Descriptions of Embedded Systems. Philips Research France & ASIM/LIP6 Lab, Universite Paris VI, France. IEEE 2002: 549-522
9. 陈定君, 郭晓东, 张应辉等. 嵌入式软件仿真开发系统的研究[J]. 电子学报, 2000, 28(3):137-139
10. 龙文光, CPU 的流水线结构 四川师范大学学报 2003,5:319-322
11. Buchmann R., Petrot F., Greiner A. Fast Cycle Accurate Simulator to Simulate Event-Driven Behavior ASIM/LIP6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05 FRANCE .
12. Bagchi K.K..An Approach to parallel architecture modeling[M].ACM Press,1987
13. An Object Oriented Framework for Developing Dynamic Models of a Paper Machine. Jan Bergstrom and Guy Dumont. IEEE Industry Applications 1998 :63-69
14. 毛德操,胡希明. 嵌入式系统 采用公开源码和 StrongARM/XScale 处理器 浙江大学出版社 2003 年.
15. 探矽工作室 嵌入式系统开发圣经 中国铁道出版社 2003
16. B.Eames, S.Neeme, T.Bapty and J.Scott. Interfacing a Simulation Engine to an Embedded Runtime Environment. Vanderbilt University/Institute for Software Integrate Systems. 2000 IEEE International Conference :625-629
17. F. A. Salomon, D. A. Tafuri. Emulation - a useful tool in the development of computer systems[C].In: annual simulation symposium. Tampa, Florida, United States: March 1982: 55-71
18. MacDougall M.H. Computer System Simulation [J]. ACM Press, 1970,2(3): 191-209
19. Jiangfeng Wu, L.Richard A Table-Based Time-Domain Simulation Method for Oversampled Microelectromechanical Systems. Carley ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University
20. 周秋珍, 张浩. 基于面向对象技术的构件化模型的仿真和分析评价[J]. 组合机床和自动化加工技术,1999,12:20-23
21. Carl J. Mauer, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood.Full-system timing-first simulation [J].ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2002, (30):108 –116
22. 李明 两种嵌入式软件仿真环境的比较与分析 IC 与元器件,2003.7:47-49
23. S3C2410X User’s Manual SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
24. Mehrdad Reshadi, Prabhat Mishra, Nikil Dutt. A Technique for Fast and Flexible Instruction Set Simulation. Design Automation Conference, 2003 :758-763
25. Braun, G.; Nohl, A.; Hoffmann, A.etc. A universal technique for fast and flexible instruction-set architecture simulation, Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, IEEE :1625 - 1639
26. Sang-hyuk Lee, Il-kwan Kim, and Lynn Choi. Branch Predictor Design and Performance Estimation for a High Performance Embedded Microprocessor. The Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 2003 IEEE: 519-522
27. Naehyuck Chang, Kwanho Kim, Hyung Gyu Lee. Cycle-Accurate Energy Consumption Measurement and Analysis :Case Study of ARM7TDMI, Korea, 2000 ACM :185-190
28. Candice Bechem, Jonathan Combs, Noppanunt Utamaphethai. An Integerated Functional Performance Simulator. Carnegie Mellon University, 1999 IEEE: 26-35
29. 夏新军,文宏,陈吉华. SoC 设计中支持软硬件划分的虚拟微处理器. 计算机工程, 2004,9:176-178
2. Steve Furber. ARM SoC 体系结构[M]. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,10:220-230.
3. In-Cheol Park, Fast cycle-accurate behavioral simulation for pipelined processors using early pipeline evaluation, Computer Aided Design, 2003:35-38.
4. ARM Architecture Reference Manual , http://www.arm.com.
5. 陈渝,李明,杨晔, 源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践—基于 SkyEye 和ARM 开发平台, 北京 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
6. David Krahl . The Extend Simulation Environment. U.S.A.
7. Bill Blunden,虚拟机的设计与实现[M],北京 机械工业出版社,2003 : 20-44.
8. Ana Belen Abril Garcia, Jean Gobert, Thomas Dombek, Cycle-Accurate Energy Estimation in System Level Descriptions of Embedded Systems. Philips Research France & ASIM/LIP6 Lab, Universite Paris VI, France. IEEE 2002: 549-522
9. 陈定君, 郭晓东, 张应辉等. 嵌入式软件仿真开发系统的研究[J]. 电子学报, 2000, 28(3):137-139
10. 龙文光, CPU 的流水线结构 四川师范大学学报 2003,5:319-322
11. Buchmann R., Petrot F., Greiner A. Fast Cycle Accurate Simulator to Simulate Event-Driven Behavior ASIM/LIP6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05 FRANCE .
12. Bagchi K.K..An Approach to parallel architecture modeling[M].ACM Press,1987
13. An Object Oriented Framework for Developing Dynamic Models of a Paper Machine. Jan Bergstrom and Guy Dumont. IEEE Industry Applications 1998 :63-69
14. 毛德操,胡希明. 嵌入式系统 采用公开源码和 StrongARM/XScale 处理器 浙江大学出版社 2003 年.
15. 探矽工作室 嵌入式系统开发圣经 中国铁道出版社 2003
16. B.Eames, S.Neeme, T.Bapty and J.Scott. Interfacing a Simulation Engine to an Embedded Runtime Environment. Vanderbilt University/Institute for Software Integrate Systems. 2000 IEEE International Conference :625-629
17. F. A. Salomon, D. A. Tafuri. Emulation - a useful tool in the development of computer systems[C].In: annual simulation symposium. Tampa, Florida, United States: March 1982: 55-71
18. MacDougall M.H. Computer System Simulation [J]. ACM Press, 1970,2(3): 191-209
19. Jiangfeng Wu, L.Richard A Table-Based Time-Domain Simulation Method for Oversampled Microelectromechanical Systems. Carley ECE Department, Carnegie Mellon University
20. 周秋珍, 张浩. 基于面向对象技术的构件化模型的仿真和分析评价[J]. 组合机床和自动化加工技术,1999,12:20-23
21. Carl J. Mauer, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood.Full-system timing-first simulation [J].ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2002, (30):108 –116
22. 李明 两种嵌入式软件仿真环境的比较与分析 IC 与元器件,2003.7:47-49
23. S3C2410X User’s Manual SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
24. Mehrdad Reshadi, Prabhat Mishra, Nikil Dutt. A Technique for Fast and Flexible Instruction Set Simulation. Design Automation Conference, 2003 :758-763
25. Braun, G.; Nohl, A.; Hoffmann, A.etc. A universal technique for fast and flexible instruction-set architecture simulation, Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, IEEE :1625 - 1639
26. Sang-hyuk Lee, Il-kwan Kim, and Lynn Choi. Branch Predictor Design and Performance Estimation for a High Performance Embedded Microprocessor. The Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 2003 IEEE: 519-522
27. Naehyuck Chang, Kwanho Kim, Hyung Gyu Lee. Cycle-Accurate Energy Consumption Measurement and Analysis :Case Study of ARM7TDMI, Korea, 2000 ACM :185-190
28. Candice Bechem, Jonathan Combs, Noppanunt Utamaphethai. An Integerated Functional Performance Simulator. Carnegie Mellon University, 1999 IEEE: 26-35
29. 夏新军,文宏,陈吉华. SoC 设计中支持软硬件划分的虚拟微处理器. 计算机工程, 2004,9:176-178