非接触电能传输系统功率传输和控制研究
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摘要
非接触电能传输技术(Contactless Power Transfer简称CPT),是指在特定频率下,把电能或能量像信号那样无线或远距离传输的一种技术。由于克服了传统上物理接触式能量传输所具有的电击、火花等缺陷,具有安全性、可靠性以及灵活性等优点。在地下采矿、水下和一些特殊要求的场合对移动负载供电,具有较好的应用前景,倍受相关研究人员的关注。
本文以非接触电能传输系统为对象,通过理论分析、互感模型等效、计算机仿真和电路实验等方法,研究了多负载情况下系统功率传输过程中的稳定与控制问题。主要内容如下:
1.对非接触电能传输技术的特点和发展现状进行了简要综述,给出了本文的研究工作重点及其必要性;
2.在介绍非接触电能传输系统基本原理的基础上,采用互感模型对传输系统的原、副边关系进行了分析,讨论了系统采用谐振补偿的必要性、主要补偿类型以及各自的特点;
3.研究了多负载情况下非接触电能传输系统功率传输过程中的稳定性问题,讨论了频率偏移和功率流阻塞等对系统功率传输稳定性的影响,介绍了几种典型的功率传输控制方式,并分析了开关型控制器在避免功率流阻塞方面的作用与效果;
4.以推挽式变换器为基础,采用一片开关电源芯片设计了一个并联谐振反馈电流源型CPT系统,通过实验验证了开关型功率传输控制器的有效性。
Contactless Power Transfer technology (referred to as CPT), is a technology of transfer energy or power as the signal ,long-range or wireless ,refering to a specific frequency. It overcomes physical contact of the traditional electric energy transmission, sparks and other defects, so which has some advantages of safety, reliability, efficiency and flexibility, etc. In the underground mining, underwater and the special requirements of the mobile load, it has a good prospect, the recently and wide attention of related the researchers.
This paper is base on the object of contactless power transfer system ,through theoretical analysis, the equivalent mutual inductance model, computer simulation and circuit experiment of methods to study the stability of power transmission of multi-load system. It's main contents are as follows:
1. The brief overview of characteristics, development status and future development of CPT is introduced, the issues of the worth and major tasks in this article are raised;
2. Based on the basic working principle of the CPT system, by the mutual inductance model, relations of original-second edge are explained, the the necessity and their own characteristics of main types of resonance compensation are discussed;
3. The stability probloms of power flow of Multi-load CPT system is studied, the affect of the frequency deviation and power-flow block on the system stability is discussed , several typical power flow control mode is introduced, and the role and effectiveness of switch-based power flow controller for avoiding power block are analysised.
4. A current-fed parallel power CPT system circuit is designed, which is based on the push-pull parallel resonant converter and use a switching power supply chip, the experimental results verify of the switch type controller used in power flow control.
本文以非接触电能传输系统为对象,通过理论分析、互感模型等效、计算机仿真和电路实验等方法,研究了多负载情况下系统功率传输过程中的稳定与控制问题。主要内容如下:
1.对非接触电能传输技术的特点和发展现状进行了简要综述,给出了本文的研究工作重点及其必要性;
2.在介绍非接触电能传输系统基本原理的基础上,采用互感模型对传输系统的原、副边关系进行了分析,讨论了系统采用谐振补偿的必要性、主要补偿类型以及各自的特点;
3.研究了多负载情况下非接触电能传输系统功率传输过程中的稳定性问题,讨论了频率偏移和功率流阻塞等对系统功率传输稳定性的影响,介绍了几种典型的功率传输控制方式,并分析了开关型控制器在避免功率流阻塞方面的作用与效果;
4.以推挽式变换器为基础,采用一片开关电源芯片设计了一个并联谐振反馈电流源型CPT系统,通过实验验证了开关型功率传输控制器的有效性。
Contactless Power Transfer technology (referred to as CPT), is a technology of transfer energy or power as the signal ,long-range or wireless ,refering to a specific frequency. It overcomes physical contact of the traditional electric energy transmission, sparks and other defects, so which has some advantages of safety, reliability, efficiency and flexibility, etc. In the underground mining, underwater and the special requirements of the mobile load, it has a good prospect, the recently and wide attention of related the researchers.
This paper is base on the object of contactless power transfer system ,through theoretical analysis, the equivalent mutual inductance model, computer simulation and circuit experiment of methods to study the stability of power transmission of multi-load system. It's main contents are as follows:
1. The brief overview of characteristics, development status and future development of CPT is introduced, the issues of the worth and major tasks in this article are raised;
2. Based on the basic working principle of the CPT system, by the mutual inductance model, relations of original-second edge are explained, the the necessity and their own characteristics of main types of resonance compensation are discussed;
3. The stability probloms of power flow of Multi-load CPT system is studied, the affect of the frequency deviation and power-flow block on the system stability is discussed , several typical power flow control mode is introduced, and the role and effectiveness of switch-based power flow controller for avoiding power block are analysised.
4. A current-fed parallel power CPT system circuit is designed, which is based on the push-pull parallel resonant converter and use a switching power supply chip, the experimental results verify of the switch type controller used in power flow control.
引文
[1]筱军.太空发电成为待开发的新能源[J].世界产品与技术,1996,(05):17
[2]Byeong-Mun Song,Robert Kratz,Sam Gurol.Contactless inductive power pickup system for maglev applications.0-7803-7420-7/02 2002 IEEE
[3]严陆光.电工新技术的发展与展望.工程技术.1995.7
[4]武瑛,严陆光,徐善纲.新型无接触能量传输系统.变压器.2003.6:Vol.6,No.40
[5]蔡宣三.90年代国际电力电子技术的发展和进步.变频器世界.1999.12.3-10
[6]A.W.Green,J.T.Boys.10kHz inductively coupled power transfer-concept and control.IEE Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives conf.1994,vol.399:pp.694-699
[7]John I.Rodriguez Deron K.Jackson Steven B.Leeb.Capability Analysis for an Inductively Coupled Power Transfer System.Rodriguez,J.I.;Jackson,D.K.;Leeb,S.B.;Computers in Power Electronics,2000.COMPEL 2000.The 7th Workshop on16-18 July 2000 Page(s):59 - 63
[7]Elliott,G.A.J.;Covic,G.A.;Kacprzak,D.;Boys,J.T.;A New Concept:Asymmetrical Pick-Ups for Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Monorail Systems Magnetics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 42,Issue 10,Oct.2006 Page(s):3389 - 3391
[8]Boys,J.T.;Covic,G.A.;Yongxiang Xu;DC analysis technique for inductive power transfer pick-ups Power Electronics Letters,IEEE Volume 1,Issue 2,June 2003Page(s):51 - 53
[9]Covic,G.A.;Elliott,G.;Stielau,O.H.;Green,R.M.;Boys,J.T.;The design of a contact-less energy transfer system for a people mover system;Power System Technology,2000.Proceedings.PowerCon 2000.International Conference on Volume 1,4-7 Dec.2000 Page(s):79 - 84 vol.1
[10]O.H.Stielau,G.A.Covic.Design of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems.0-7803-6338-8/00 2000 IEEE
[11]O'Brien,K.;Scheible,G.;Gueldner,H.;Analysis of wireless power supplies for industrial automation systems;Industrial Electronics Society,2003.IECON '03.The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE,Volume 1,2-6 Nov.2003 Page(s):367 - 372 vol.1
[12]Wu Ying;Yan Luguang;Xu Shangang;A new contactless power delivery system Electrical Machines and Systems,2003.ICEMS 2003.Sixth International Conference on Volume 1,9-11 Nov.2003 Page(s):253-256 vol.1
[13]武瑛,严陆光,黄常纲等,新型无接触电能传输系统的性能分析,电工电能新技术,2003,22(4),PP.10-14
[14]韩腾,卓放,刘淘等.可分离变压器实现的非接触电能传输系统研究.电力电子技术,2004,38(5):28-30.
[15]韩腾,卓放,王兆安等.非接触电能传输系统频率分岔现象研究.电工电能新技术,2005,24(2):44-47.
[16]武瑛,严陆光,徐善纲.新型无接触电能传输系统的稳定性分析.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):63-66.
[17]孙跃,杜雪飞,戴欣,苏玉刚.非接触式移动电源新技术[J].电气自动化,2003,11(5):11-13.
[18]Sun Y,Hu A P,Dai X,et al.Discrete mapping modelling and bifurcation phenomenon of study of a ZVS converter.2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004,2(10):1015-1018.
[19]孙跃,王智慧,戴欣等.非接触电能传输系统的频率稳定性研究.电工技术学报,2005,20(11):56-59.
[20]Y.Kanai,M.Mino,T.Yachi.A non-contact Power Supply Card Powered by Solar Cells for Mobile Communications.15~(th) Annual IEEE conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,APEC2000,vol.2:1157-1162
[21]邱关源.电路.高等教育出版社.1999.6.第4版.239-240
[22]Chwei-Sen Wang,Grant A.Covic,.Investigating an LCL load resonant inverter for inductive power transfer applications.0885-8993/04 2004 IEEE
[23]A.P.Hu,J.T.Boys,G.A.Covic.Frequency analysis and computation of a current-fed resonant converter for CPT power supplies.0-7803-6338-8/00 2000IEEE
[24]徐磊;徐中友;通用非接触供电平台设计及实现.电气应用,2008,27(6):34-38
[25]徐哗,马皓.串联补偿电压型非接触电能传输变换器的研究.电力电子技术.2008.3 3(42),pp:4-7.
[26]高金峰,徐磊.并联谐振型非接触供电平台的频率控制与设计.郑州大学学报(工学版)2006,4(27)PP:66-70
[27]J.T.Boys,G.A.Covic,and A.W.Green.Stability and control of inductively coupled power transfer systems.Proc.IEE-Elect.Power Appl.vol.147,no.1: pp.37-43,Jan.2000.
[28]A.W.Green,J.T.Boys.An inductively coupled high frequency power system for material handling applications.International Power Electronics Conference,IPEC'93,Singapore,(2),pp821-826,1993.
[29]A.P.Hu.Selected resonant converters for IPT power supplies.Ph.D.dissertation,Dept.of Electric and Computer Engineering,The University of Auckland,New Zealand.Oct,2001.
[30]A.P.Hu,S.Hussmann.Improved power flow control for contactless moving sensor applications.IEEE Power Electronics Letters,vol.2,pp135-138,No.4,December 2004.
[31]H.Abe,H.Sakamoto,K.Harada.A noncontact charger using a resonant converter with parallel capacitor of the secondary coil.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol.36,No.2,pp.444-451,March/April,2000.
[32]Chang-Gyun Kim,Dong-Hyun Seo,Jung-Sik You,Jong-Hu Park,Bo-Hyung Cho,Design of a contactless battery charger for cellular phone.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2000.APEC 2000.Fifteenth Annual IEEE Volume 2.6-10 Feb.2000,pp.769-773 vol.2
[33]K.Van Schuylenbergh,R..Puers,Self-tuning inductive powering for implantable telemetric monitoring systems.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical.vol.52,Issue:1-3,March 4,1996,pp.1-7.
[34]G.A.Covic,G.Elliott,O.H.Stielau,R.M.Green.The design of contact-less energy transfer system for a people mover system.Proceeding of international conference on power system technology.Perth,Australia,pp.79-84,December 2000.
[35]Zhang Zhengping,Li Li,Zhu Ruzheng,Huo Linchen.A new method for the period solution of strongly nonlinear systems.Acta Machanica Sinica.Vol.10,No.1(1994):pp.82-90
[36]高金峰.非线性电路与混沌.北京:科学出版社,2005
[37]马三清.并联谐振型ICPT系统分析与设计(D).郑州大学.2006.
[38]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社.2004.9:81-83.121-124,173
[39]王辅春,刘明山等.从实例中学习OrCAD.机械工业出版社.2006.10
[40]扬玉岗.现代电力电子的磁技术.科学出版社.2003.8 168-170
[41]吴立新.实用电子技术手册.机械工业出版社.2002.8 154-158
[2]Byeong-Mun Song,Robert Kratz,Sam Gurol.Contactless inductive power pickup system for maglev applications.0-7803-7420-7/02 2002 IEEE
[3]严陆光.电工新技术的发展与展望.工程技术.1995.7
[4]武瑛,严陆光,徐善纲.新型无接触能量传输系统.变压器.2003.6:Vol.6,No.40
[5]蔡宣三.90年代国际电力电子技术的发展和进步.变频器世界.1999.12.3-10
[6]A.W.Green,J.T.Boys.10kHz inductively coupled power transfer-concept and control.IEE Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives conf.1994,vol.399:pp.694-699
[7]John I.Rodriguez Deron K.Jackson Steven B.Leeb.Capability Analysis for an Inductively Coupled Power Transfer System.Rodriguez,J.I.;Jackson,D.K.;Leeb,S.B.;Computers in Power Electronics,2000.COMPEL 2000.The 7th Workshop on16-18 July 2000 Page(s):59 - 63
[7]Elliott,G.A.J.;Covic,G.A.;Kacprzak,D.;Boys,J.T.;A New Concept:Asymmetrical Pick-Ups for Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Monorail Systems Magnetics,IEEE Transactions on Volume 42,Issue 10,Oct.2006 Page(s):3389 - 3391
[8]Boys,J.T.;Covic,G.A.;Yongxiang Xu;DC analysis technique for inductive power transfer pick-ups Power Electronics Letters,IEEE Volume 1,Issue 2,June 2003Page(s):51 - 53
[9]Covic,G.A.;Elliott,G.;Stielau,O.H.;Green,R.M.;Boys,J.T.;The design of a contact-less energy transfer system for a people mover system;Power System Technology,2000.Proceedings.PowerCon 2000.International Conference on Volume 1,4-7 Dec.2000 Page(s):79 - 84 vol.1
[10]O.H.Stielau,G.A.Covic.Design of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems.0-7803-6338-8/00 2000 IEEE
[11]O'Brien,K.;Scheible,G.;Gueldner,H.;Analysis of wireless power supplies for industrial automation systems;Industrial Electronics Society,2003.IECON '03.The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE,Volume 1,2-6 Nov.2003 Page(s):367 - 372 vol.1
[12]Wu Ying;Yan Luguang;Xu Shangang;A new contactless power delivery system Electrical Machines and Systems,2003.ICEMS 2003.Sixth International Conference on Volume 1,9-11 Nov.2003 Page(s):253-256 vol.1
[13]武瑛,严陆光,黄常纲等,新型无接触电能传输系统的性能分析,电工电能新技术,2003,22(4),PP.10-14
[14]韩腾,卓放,刘淘等.可分离变压器实现的非接触电能传输系统研究.电力电子技术,2004,38(5):28-30.
[15]韩腾,卓放,王兆安等.非接触电能传输系统频率分岔现象研究.电工电能新技术,2005,24(2):44-47.
[16]武瑛,严陆光,徐善纲.新型无接触电能传输系统的稳定性分析.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):63-66.
[17]孙跃,杜雪飞,戴欣,苏玉刚.非接触式移动电源新技术[J].电气自动化,2003,11(5):11-13.
[18]Sun Y,Hu A P,Dai X,et al.Discrete mapping modelling and bifurcation phenomenon of study of a ZVS converter.2004 International Conference on Power System Technology,2004,2(10):1015-1018.
[19]孙跃,王智慧,戴欣等.非接触电能传输系统的频率稳定性研究.电工技术学报,2005,20(11):56-59.
[20]Y.Kanai,M.Mino,T.Yachi.A non-contact Power Supply Card Powered by Solar Cells for Mobile Communications.15~(th) Annual IEEE conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,APEC2000,vol.2:1157-1162
[21]邱关源.电路.高等教育出版社.1999.6.第4版.239-240
[22]Chwei-Sen Wang,Grant A.Covic,.Investigating an LCL load resonant inverter for inductive power transfer applications.0885-8993/04 2004 IEEE
[23]A.P.Hu,J.T.Boys,G.A.Covic.Frequency analysis and computation of a current-fed resonant converter for CPT power supplies.0-7803-6338-8/00 2000IEEE
[24]徐磊;徐中友;通用非接触供电平台设计及实现.电气应用,2008,27(6):34-38
[25]徐哗,马皓.串联补偿电压型非接触电能传输变换器的研究.电力电子技术.2008.3 3(42),pp:4-7.
[26]高金峰,徐磊.并联谐振型非接触供电平台的频率控制与设计.郑州大学学报(工学版)2006,4(27)PP:66-70
[27]J.T.Boys,G.A.Covic,and A.W.Green.Stability and control of inductively coupled power transfer systems.Proc.IEE-Elect.Power Appl.vol.147,no.1: pp.37-43,Jan.2000.
[28]A.W.Green,J.T.Boys.An inductively coupled high frequency power system for material handling applications.International Power Electronics Conference,IPEC'93,Singapore,(2),pp821-826,1993.
[29]A.P.Hu.Selected resonant converters for IPT power supplies.Ph.D.dissertation,Dept.of Electric and Computer Engineering,The University of Auckland,New Zealand.Oct,2001.
[30]A.P.Hu,S.Hussmann.Improved power flow control for contactless moving sensor applications.IEEE Power Electronics Letters,vol.2,pp135-138,No.4,December 2004.
[31]H.Abe,H.Sakamoto,K.Harada.A noncontact charger using a resonant converter with parallel capacitor of the secondary coil.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol.36,No.2,pp.444-451,March/April,2000.
[32]Chang-Gyun Kim,Dong-Hyun Seo,Jung-Sik You,Jong-Hu Park,Bo-Hyung Cho,Design of a contactless battery charger for cellular phone.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.2000.APEC 2000.Fifteenth Annual IEEE Volume 2.6-10 Feb.2000,pp.769-773 vol.2
[33]K.Van Schuylenbergh,R..Puers,Self-tuning inductive powering for implantable telemetric monitoring systems.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical.vol.52,Issue:1-3,March 4,1996,pp.1-7.
[34]G.A.Covic,G.Elliott,O.H.Stielau,R.M.Green.The design of contact-less energy transfer system for a people mover system.Proceeding of international conference on power system technology.Perth,Australia,pp.79-84,December 2000.
[35]Zhang Zhengping,Li Li,Zhu Ruzheng,Huo Linchen.A new method for the period solution of strongly nonlinear systems.Acta Machanica Sinica.Vol.10,No.1(1994):pp.82-90
[36]高金峰.非线性电路与混沌.北京:科学出版社,2005
[37]马三清.并联谐振型ICPT系统分析与设计(D).郑州大学.2006.
[38]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社.2004.9:81-83.121-124,173
[39]王辅春,刘明山等.从实例中学习OrCAD.机械工业出版社.2006.10
[40]扬玉岗.现代电力电子的磁技术.科学出版社.2003.8 168-170
[41]吴立新.实用电子技术手册.机械工业出版社.2002.8 154-158