分布式发电与微网系统多目标优化设计与协调控制研究
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摘要
能源是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础,攸关国计民生和国家安全,亦是科技创新服务与应用的首要领域。但是,我国能源结构的不合理性以及偏低的能源利用效率带来了许多环境和社会问题。分布式发电技术,有助于推动清洁能源和可再生能源的利用,提高能源利用效率,改善能源供应结构,保障能源供应安全可靠。但大规模分布式电源的接入,将使电力系统运行面临许多新问题和挑战。微网是整合各种分布式能源优势、削弱分布式发电对电网的不利影响、充分挖掘分布式发电综合效益的有效方式,已成为分布式发电领域的研究热点和重要发展方向。本文主要围绕分布式发电与微网系统的多目标优化设计与协调控制开展研究工作,包括分布式电源的多目标规划、微网容量的多目标优化配置、微网的小信号建模分析与暂态仿真、微网协调控制及其优化方法、含非线性与不平衡负载的微网协调控制,具体研究内容概括如下：
针对多分布式电源低渗透率并网的规划问题,构建了分布式电源投资和运行成本、系统有功网损和负荷节点电压偏移均最小的优化目标函数,提出了集成实数编码量子遗传算法和多目标优化策略的多目标混沌量子遗传算法,用于解决多分布式电源接入IEEE30节点电网系统的多目标规划问题。通过算法性能测试验证了多目标混沌量子遗传算法的先进性,并通过算例分析验证了所提出的分布式电源规划设计方法的有效性。基于相关研究成果开发了软件应用平台。
微网作为分布式电源高渗透率并网的高效能量组织形式,其容量配置问题是微网运行控制的前提。在分析各种分布式电源功率外特性的基础上,考虑经济成本、供电可靠性和环保效益对微网容量进行多目标优化配置。结合混沌优化技术和多目标遗传算法,提出了混沌优化多目标遗传算法进行求解并通过算法性能测试验证了其先进性。算例分析表明,优化设计后的微网系统提高了供电可靠性,节省了经济成本,降低了环境污染。基于相关研究成果开发了软件应用平台。
微网的稳定机理和运行机理研究是微网运行控制的基础。在建立包含分布式电源模型、电力网络模型和负荷模型的微网全阶小信号动态模型的基础上,基于特征值法分析了控制参数、线路阻抗和负荷对系统稳态和动态性能的影响,揭示了微网的分层控制结构原理,为微网的拓扑结构和控制参数优化设计奠定了理论基础。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK搭建了微网的时域暂态仿真模型,进行了多种运行模式及模式切换的仿真,揭示了微网的运行机理,验证了小信号建模分析的准确性。
微网中分布式电源的协调控制问题是微网的核心关键问题之一。设计了微网的协调控制策略并基于微网的小信号动态模型,分析了影响微网运行特性的主要控制参数及其优化取值域。通过专业暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC搭建微网时域仿真模型并进行数据采集,精确构建了涉及微网多种运行模式及模式切换动态过程的优化控制目标函数。基于小生境遗传算法优化微网协调控制策略的主要参数,并通过算例分析证明了,所提出微网协调控制及其优化方法有效提高了微网在不同运行模式下以及模式切换过程中的稳态特性和动态性能。
微网的电能质量直接关系到微网的稳定与经济运行。考虑微网中的非线性与不平衡负载的影响,基于比例积分谐振控制器设计了三种分布式电源本地控制策略：输出电压谐波控制策略、输出电流谐波控制策略和负载电流谐波控制策略,以实现不同的电能质量控制目标。根据不同运行模式下的电能质量要求,提出了含非线性和不平衡负载的微网协调控制策略,协调分布式电源采用相应的本地控制策略,既保证了微网母线以及注入大电网的电能质量,又确保了微网的经济运行和平滑切换。
本论文的主要创新点突出体现在：
(1)开发了多目标混沌量子遗传算法和混沌优化多目标遗传算法,解决了分布式电源多目标规划问题和微网容量的多目标配置问题,克服了单目标优化算法运行效率低和加权求解盲目性的缺陷,真正意义上实现了分布式发电与微网系统多目标优化设计。其中,微网的多目标优化设计还首次计及了冷热电联合供能系统的容量配置问题。
(2)建立了具有普遍适用性、可任意扩展的微网全阶小信号动态模型,并分析了控制参数、线路阻抗和负荷对系统稳态和动态性能的影响,结合微网多种运行模式及模式切换的时域暂态仿真揭示了微网的稳定机理和运行机理。
(3)改进了微网的协调控制策略,将小信号动态模型分析、时域暂态仿真、人工智能算法优化三者有机结合,为有效提高微网多种运行模式以及模式切换过程中的稳态特性和动态性能开辟了新的途径。
(4)提出了含非线性和不平衡负载的微网新型协调控制策略,在基频段保证DG的有效出力,在高频段进行谐波治理,且二者相互解耦,既保证了微网母线以及注入大电网的电能质量满足IEEE标准要求,又确保了微网的经济运行和平滑切换。
Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, concerning the national economy, people's livelihood and national security, which is also the primary area of scientific and technological innovation service and application. However, the irrationality of energy structure and low efficiency of energy utility in our country has brought a number of environmental and social issues. Distributed generation technologies help to promote the use of clean energy and renewable energy, improve energy efficiency and energy supply structure, ensure the safe and reliable energy supply. However, the access of large-scale distributed generation make power system operation face many new problems and challenges. Microgrid that is an effective way to integrate advantages of various distributed energy resources, weaken the adverse impact of distributed generation on the grid and fully tap the comprehensive benefits of distributed generation, has become a hot topic and an important development direction of distributed generation research field. This article focuses on multi-objective optimization design and coordination control of distributed generation and microgrid, including distributed generation multi-objective planning, microgrid capacity multi-objective allocation, microgrid small-signal modeling and transient simulation, microgrid coordination control and its optimization method as well as the coordination control of microgrid with non-linear and unbalanced loads. The detailed research contents are summarized as follows:
For the planning problem of distributed generation integration to the grid with low penetration, three minimization optimization objective functions of investment and running costs, system active power loss in the network and load node voltage offset are built. Multi-objective chaotic quantum genetic algorithm (MCQGA) that integrates real-coded quantum genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization strategy is proposed and its progressiveness is verified through algorithm performance tests. The multi-objective optimization problem that distributed generations integration to the IEEE30nodes power system is solved based on MCQGA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by example analysis and the corresponding software application platform is developed.
As efficient energy organization form of distribution generation integration to the grid with high penetration, microgrid capacity allocation is the premise of the microgrid operation control. Based on the analysis of power external characteristic of various distributed generations in microgrid, microgrid capacity is configured considering economic cost, power supply reliability and environmental benefits. Combined with multi-objective genetic algorithm and chaotic optimization techniques, chaotic optimization multi-objective genetic algorithm (CMGA) is proposed and verified its advancements through algorithm performance tests. The example analysis shows that the allocated microgrid based on CMGA ensures the power supply reliability, saving the economic cost and reducing environmental pollution. The software application platform based on related research has been developed.
Microgrid stability mechanism and operation mechanism is the basis of the micro-grid operation control. On the basis of the full-order small-signal dynamic model of microgrid including distributed generation model, network model and load model, the effectiveness of control parameters, line impedance and loads on the system steady-state and dynamic performance is analyzed based on eigenvalue and sensitivity. The microgrid hierarchical control structure principle is revealed, which lays the theoretical foundation for optimization design of microgrid topology and control parameters. The microgrid time domain transient simulation model is built based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation of various operating modes and mode switching is conducted, which reveals microgrid operation mechanism and verifies the accuracy of the small-signal modeling and analysis.
Microgrid coordination control problem is one of the core issues. Microgrid coordinated control strategy is designed and the optimization value ranges of microgrid control parameters are analyzed based on small-signal dynamic model of microgrid. The precise optimization objective functions of microgrid control are built through time-domain transient simulation and data acquisition of microgrid in professional software PSCAD/EMTDC. The main parameters of coordination control strategy are optimized based on the niche genetic algorithm, improving the steady state and dynamic performance of microgrid in different operating modes and mode switching.
Power quality of microgrid is directly related to the stability and economic operation of microgrid. For the different types of local load in microgrid, the three local control strategies of DG:output voltage harmonic control strategy, the output current harmonics control strategy and load current harmonics control strategy are designed based on the proportional integral resonant controller, in order to achieve different power quality control goals. Under power quality requirements of the different operating modes, the coordination control strategy of microgrid with nonlinear and unbalanced loads is proposed, coordinating local control strategies of DG, not only to ensure the power quality of microgird bus and injected into the grid, but also to achieve the economic operation and smooth switching of microgrid.
The main innovations of this thesis highlight:
(1) The multi-objective chaotic quantum genetic algorithm and chaos optimization multi-objective genetic algorithm are developed to solve distribution generation multi-objective planning and microgrid capacity multi-objective allocation problems, overcoming low efficiency of the single objective optimization algorithm and the blindness of weighted solving, realizing the multi-objective optimization design of distributed generation and micorgrid in the true sense. Note that the capacity allocation of the combined with cooling, heating and power (CCHP) supply system is taken into account for the first time.
(2) the full-order microgrid small signal dynamic model which has universal applicability and can be arbitrarily extended is established and the impacts of the control parameters, line impedance and the load on the steady-state and dynamic performance of microgrid are analyzed. Combined with time domain transient simulation of microgrid in various operating modes as well as switching mode, the stability mechanism and operation mechanism of microgrid are revealed.
(3) the coordination control strategy of microgrid is designed and the steady state and dynamic performance of microgrid in various operating modes as well as switching mode has been effectively improved through the integration of the small-signal dynamic model analysis, time domain transient simulation and artificial intelligence algorithms for the first time.
(4) The novel coordination control strategy of mcirogrid with non-linear and unbalanced loads is proposed, ensuring DG's effective output at the base frequency band and harmonics management at high frequency band. Moreover they are coupled between each other. The coordination control strategy not only ensures the power quality of microgird bus and injected into the grid, but also achieves the economic operation and smooth switching of microgrid.
针对多分布式电源低渗透率并网的规划问题,构建了分布式电源投资和运行成本、系统有功网损和负荷节点电压偏移均最小的优化目标函数,提出了集成实数编码量子遗传算法和多目标优化策略的多目标混沌量子遗传算法,用于解决多分布式电源接入IEEE30节点电网系统的多目标规划问题。通过算法性能测试验证了多目标混沌量子遗传算法的先进性,并通过算例分析验证了所提出的分布式电源规划设计方法的有效性。基于相关研究成果开发了软件应用平台。
微网作为分布式电源高渗透率并网的高效能量组织形式,其容量配置问题是微网运行控制的前提。在分析各种分布式电源功率外特性的基础上,考虑经济成本、供电可靠性和环保效益对微网容量进行多目标优化配置。结合混沌优化技术和多目标遗传算法,提出了混沌优化多目标遗传算法进行求解并通过算法性能测试验证了其先进性。算例分析表明,优化设计后的微网系统提高了供电可靠性,节省了经济成本,降低了环境污染。基于相关研究成果开发了软件应用平台。
微网的稳定机理和运行机理研究是微网运行控制的基础。在建立包含分布式电源模型、电力网络模型和负荷模型的微网全阶小信号动态模型的基础上,基于特征值法分析了控制参数、线路阻抗和负荷对系统稳态和动态性能的影响,揭示了微网的分层控制结构原理,为微网的拓扑结构和控制参数优化设计奠定了理论基础。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK搭建了微网的时域暂态仿真模型,进行了多种运行模式及模式切换的仿真,揭示了微网的运行机理,验证了小信号建模分析的准确性。
微网中分布式电源的协调控制问题是微网的核心关键问题之一。设计了微网的协调控制策略并基于微网的小信号动态模型,分析了影响微网运行特性的主要控制参数及其优化取值域。通过专业暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC搭建微网时域仿真模型并进行数据采集,精确构建了涉及微网多种运行模式及模式切换动态过程的优化控制目标函数。基于小生境遗传算法优化微网协调控制策略的主要参数,并通过算例分析证明了,所提出微网协调控制及其优化方法有效提高了微网在不同运行模式下以及模式切换过程中的稳态特性和动态性能。
微网的电能质量直接关系到微网的稳定与经济运行。考虑微网中的非线性与不平衡负载的影响,基于比例积分谐振控制器设计了三种分布式电源本地控制策略：输出电压谐波控制策略、输出电流谐波控制策略和负载电流谐波控制策略,以实现不同的电能质量控制目标。根据不同运行模式下的电能质量要求,提出了含非线性和不平衡负载的微网协调控制策略,协调分布式电源采用相应的本地控制策略,既保证了微网母线以及注入大电网的电能质量,又确保了微网的经济运行和平滑切换。
本论文的主要创新点突出体现在：
(1)开发了多目标混沌量子遗传算法和混沌优化多目标遗传算法,解决了分布式电源多目标规划问题和微网容量的多目标配置问题,克服了单目标优化算法运行效率低和加权求解盲目性的缺陷,真正意义上实现了分布式发电与微网系统多目标优化设计。其中,微网的多目标优化设计还首次计及了冷热电联合供能系统的容量配置问题。
(2)建立了具有普遍适用性、可任意扩展的微网全阶小信号动态模型,并分析了控制参数、线路阻抗和负荷对系统稳态和动态性能的影响,结合微网多种运行模式及模式切换的时域暂态仿真揭示了微网的稳定机理和运行机理。
(3)改进了微网的协调控制策略,将小信号动态模型分析、时域暂态仿真、人工智能算法优化三者有机结合,为有效提高微网多种运行模式以及模式切换过程中的稳态特性和动态性能开辟了新的途径。
(4)提出了含非线性和不平衡负载的微网新型协调控制策略,在基频段保证DG的有效出力,在高频段进行谐波治理,且二者相互解耦,既保证了微网母线以及注入大电网的电能质量满足IEEE标准要求,又确保了微网的经济运行和平滑切换。
Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, concerning the national economy, people's livelihood and national security, which is also the primary area of scientific and technological innovation service and application. However, the irrationality of energy structure and low efficiency of energy utility in our country has brought a number of environmental and social issues. Distributed generation technologies help to promote the use of clean energy and renewable energy, improve energy efficiency and energy supply structure, ensure the safe and reliable energy supply. However, the access of large-scale distributed generation make power system operation face many new problems and challenges. Microgrid that is an effective way to integrate advantages of various distributed energy resources, weaken the adverse impact of distributed generation on the grid and fully tap the comprehensive benefits of distributed generation, has become a hot topic and an important development direction of distributed generation research field. This article focuses on multi-objective optimization design and coordination control of distributed generation and microgrid, including distributed generation multi-objective planning, microgrid capacity multi-objective allocation, microgrid small-signal modeling and transient simulation, microgrid coordination control and its optimization method as well as the coordination control of microgrid with non-linear and unbalanced loads. The detailed research contents are summarized as follows:
For the planning problem of distributed generation integration to the grid with low penetration, three minimization optimization objective functions of investment and running costs, system active power loss in the network and load node voltage offset are built. Multi-objective chaotic quantum genetic algorithm (MCQGA) that integrates real-coded quantum genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization strategy is proposed and its progressiveness is verified through algorithm performance tests. The multi-objective optimization problem that distributed generations integration to the IEEE30nodes power system is solved based on MCQGA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by example analysis and the corresponding software application platform is developed.
As efficient energy organization form of distribution generation integration to the grid with high penetration, microgrid capacity allocation is the premise of the microgrid operation control. Based on the analysis of power external characteristic of various distributed generations in microgrid, microgrid capacity is configured considering economic cost, power supply reliability and environmental benefits. Combined with multi-objective genetic algorithm and chaotic optimization techniques, chaotic optimization multi-objective genetic algorithm (CMGA) is proposed and verified its advancements through algorithm performance tests. The example analysis shows that the allocated microgrid based on CMGA ensures the power supply reliability, saving the economic cost and reducing environmental pollution. The software application platform based on related research has been developed.
Microgrid stability mechanism and operation mechanism is the basis of the micro-grid operation control. On the basis of the full-order small-signal dynamic model of microgrid including distributed generation model, network model and load model, the effectiveness of control parameters, line impedance and loads on the system steady-state and dynamic performance is analyzed based on eigenvalue and sensitivity. The microgrid hierarchical control structure principle is revealed, which lays the theoretical foundation for optimization design of microgrid topology and control parameters. The microgrid time domain transient simulation model is built based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation of various operating modes and mode switching is conducted, which reveals microgrid operation mechanism and verifies the accuracy of the small-signal modeling and analysis.
Microgrid coordination control problem is one of the core issues. Microgrid coordinated control strategy is designed and the optimization value ranges of microgrid control parameters are analyzed based on small-signal dynamic model of microgrid. The precise optimization objective functions of microgrid control are built through time-domain transient simulation and data acquisition of microgrid in professional software PSCAD/EMTDC. The main parameters of coordination control strategy are optimized based on the niche genetic algorithm, improving the steady state and dynamic performance of microgrid in different operating modes and mode switching.
Power quality of microgrid is directly related to the stability and economic operation of microgrid. For the different types of local load in microgrid, the three local control strategies of DG:output voltage harmonic control strategy, the output current harmonics control strategy and load current harmonics control strategy are designed based on the proportional integral resonant controller, in order to achieve different power quality control goals. Under power quality requirements of the different operating modes, the coordination control strategy of microgrid with nonlinear and unbalanced loads is proposed, coordinating local control strategies of DG, not only to ensure the power quality of microgird bus and injected into the grid, but also to achieve the economic operation and smooth switching of microgrid.
The main innovations of this thesis highlight:
(1) The multi-objective chaotic quantum genetic algorithm and chaos optimization multi-objective genetic algorithm are developed to solve distribution generation multi-objective planning and microgrid capacity multi-objective allocation problems, overcoming low efficiency of the single objective optimization algorithm and the blindness of weighted solving, realizing the multi-objective optimization design of distributed generation and micorgrid in the true sense. Note that the capacity allocation of the combined with cooling, heating and power (CCHP) supply system is taken into account for the first time.
(2) the full-order microgrid small signal dynamic model which has universal applicability and can be arbitrarily extended is established and the impacts of the control parameters, line impedance and the load on the steady-state and dynamic performance of microgrid are analyzed. Combined with time domain transient simulation of microgrid in various operating modes as well as switching mode, the stability mechanism and operation mechanism of microgrid are revealed.
(3) the coordination control strategy of microgrid is designed and the steady state and dynamic performance of microgrid in various operating modes as well as switching mode has been effectively improved through the integration of the small-signal dynamic model analysis, time domain transient simulation and artificial intelligence algorithms for the first time.
(4) The novel coordination control strategy of mcirogrid with non-linear and unbalanced loads is proposed, ensuring DG's effective output at the base frequency band and harmonics management at high frequency band. Moreover they are coupled between each other. The coordination control strategy not only ensures the power quality of microgird bus and injected into the grid, but also achieves the economic operation and smooth switching of microgrid.
引文
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