小型快速扫描近红外分光光度计的研制
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摘要
近红外光谱分析法(Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS)因其分析测试操作简单快速,无损伤采样等特点,在农业、医药业、食品安全检测、化工等领域得到了广泛应用,仪器的小型化及智能化也受到了越来越多的关注。
本文首先介绍了近红外光谱仪器的发展概况及其基本的仪器原理与结构框架,针对目前光栅扫描型近红外光谱仪器普遍存在杂散光较大和扫描速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于Cary理论和Czerny-Turner光路结构并采用谐波电机直接驱动光栅的小型快速近红外分光光度计的设计方法,并对其进行了光学软件仿真,设计了相关电路,最后对样机做了初步的性能测试。本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面:
本文将Cary理论运用到近红外分光光度计的光路设计中来,减小了光学系统中多次反射及衍射产生的杂散光,并使用光学软件Tracepro对本设计的近红外分光光学系统进行了仿真和分析,仿真结果表明在改进之后的结构中系统杂散光得到了明显的抑制;
本文改进了传统的电机传动正弦丝杆再驱动光栅的波长扫描结构,采用谐波电机直接驱动光栅转动的方式,提高了光谱测量速度,减小了仪器的体积,研究建立了电机转角与扫描波长的关系,分析测量了波长的准确性和重复性;
另外,为了确保仪器的性能稳定性,电路设计方面采取了模拟闭环与数字闭环相结合的设计,保证了光源和电源的稳定性,为仪器吸光度的准确性和重复性提供了保障;
最后,在近红外光波段对样机的性能进行了测试,并根据近红外分析技术原理以及近红外吸收理论,选用葡萄糖水溶液作为样品,进行了简单的定性分析实验。
Near Infrared Spectroscopy has been widely used in agriculture, pharmaceutical industry, food safety testing, chemical and other fields, due to its simple fast operation, reliable analysis, non-destructive, non-invasive sampling characteristics. The smaller and intelligent instrument has also been more and more attention.
This article surveyed the near-infrared spectrum instrument's development and introduced the basic structural framing, also have studied the present small near-infrared spectrum instrument's principle of work and the application domain. In view of the serious stray light in this kind of instrument and the problem of scanning velocity, a small rapid scanning type near-infrared spectrometer (NIR) based on improved Czerny-Turner optical structure with its simulation and test results is presented. To reduce the stray light caused by multiple diffractions and multiple reflections, the optical structure is arranged and optimized by the Cary principle, the simulation and analyze result using optical software Tracepro are also presented in this paper. On the order hand, in order to increase the scanning speed, a harmonic motor is used to drive the grating directly instead of the traditional structure with a screw driver between the motor and the grating. Finally some basic test results of the near infrared spectrometer are presented.
This paper innovatively presents Cary theory used in the design of rays path and optics software Tracepro that can be used to simulate and analysis the light-splitting optical system. The experiments result shows that the improvement structure has obviously suppressed the system stray light by reducing the second diffraction and excrescent stray light which reflects many times.
This paper also improves the structure by changing traditional sinusoidal motor driving screw between motor and the scanning grating with using a harmonic motor directly to drive diffraction grating. The volume of the structure is reduced and the spectrum scanning speed is raised. The relationship between rotation of diffraction grating and the scanning wavelength is determined, and a signal detector is enough to detect the signal and process the data.
In order to guarantee the stability of the instrument's performance, the circuit design has adopted the analogy and the digital closed loops in the design, which had guaranteed the photo and power source's stability. It is very important for the instrument wavelength accuracy and repeatability, as well as the instrument's absorbance accuracy and repeatability.
Finally, the prototype's performance has carried on the test in near infrared light wavelength band. According to the principle of near-infrared technique as well as the near-infrared absorption theory, the transparent glucose solution is selected to take the sample experiments, it has carried on the simple qualitative analysis as well as the different density solutions opposite experiment.
本文首先介绍了近红外光谱仪器的发展概况及其基本的仪器原理与结构框架,针对目前光栅扫描型近红外光谱仪器普遍存在杂散光较大和扫描速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于Cary理论和Czerny-Turner光路结构并采用谐波电机直接驱动光栅的小型快速近红外分光光度计的设计方法,并对其进行了光学软件仿真,设计了相关电路,最后对样机做了初步的性能测试。本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面:
本文将Cary理论运用到近红外分光光度计的光路设计中来,减小了光学系统中多次反射及衍射产生的杂散光,并使用光学软件Tracepro对本设计的近红外分光光学系统进行了仿真和分析,仿真结果表明在改进之后的结构中系统杂散光得到了明显的抑制;
本文改进了传统的电机传动正弦丝杆再驱动光栅的波长扫描结构,采用谐波电机直接驱动光栅转动的方式,提高了光谱测量速度,减小了仪器的体积,研究建立了电机转角与扫描波长的关系,分析测量了波长的准确性和重复性;
另外,为了确保仪器的性能稳定性,电路设计方面采取了模拟闭环与数字闭环相结合的设计,保证了光源和电源的稳定性,为仪器吸光度的准确性和重复性提供了保障;
最后,在近红外光波段对样机的性能进行了测试,并根据近红外分析技术原理以及近红外吸收理论,选用葡萄糖水溶液作为样品,进行了简单的定性分析实验。
Near Infrared Spectroscopy has been widely used in agriculture, pharmaceutical industry, food safety testing, chemical and other fields, due to its simple fast operation, reliable analysis, non-destructive, non-invasive sampling characteristics. The smaller and intelligent instrument has also been more and more attention.
This article surveyed the near-infrared spectrum instrument's development and introduced the basic structural framing, also have studied the present small near-infrared spectrum instrument's principle of work and the application domain. In view of the serious stray light in this kind of instrument and the problem of scanning velocity, a small rapid scanning type near-infrared spectrometer (NIR) based on improved Czerny-Turner optical structure with its simulation and test results is presented. To reduce the stray light caused by multiple diffractions and multiple reflections, the optical structure is arranged and optimized by the Cary principle, the simulation and analyze result using optical software Tracepro are also presented in this paper. On the order hand, in order to increase the scanning speed, a harmonic motor is used to drive the grating directly instead of the traditional structure with a screw driver between the motor and the grating. Finally some basic test results of the near infrared spectrometer are presented.
This paper innovatively presents Cary theory used in the design of rays path and optics software Tracepro that can be used to simulate and analysis the light-splitting optical system. The experiments result shows that the improvement structure has obviously suppressed the system stray light by reducing the second diffraction and excrescent stray light which reflects many times.
This paper also improves the structure by changing traditional sinusoidal motor driving screw between motor and the scanning grating with using a harmonic motor directly to drive diffraction grating. The volume of the structure is reduced and the spectrum scanning speed is raised. The relationship between rotation of diffraction grating and the scanning wavelength is determined, and a signal detector is enough to detect the signal and process the data.
In order to guarantee the stability of the instrument's performance, the circuit design has adopted the analogy and the digital closed loops in the design, which had guaranteed the photo and power source's stability. It is very important for the instrument wavelength accuracy and repeatability, as well as the instrument's absorbance accuracy and repeatability.
Finally, the prototype's performance has carried on the test in near infrared light wavelength band. According to the principle of near-infrared technique as well as the near-infrared absorption theory, the transparent glucose solution is selected to take the sample experiments, it has carried on the simple qualitative analysis as well as the different density solutions opposite experiment.
引文
[1]陆婉珍,袁洪福,等.现代近红外光谱分析技术(第二版)[M].北京:中国石化出版社. 2007:1-11,13-18,62-81,105-170.
[2]张卉,宋妍,冷静,蒋庄德.近红外光谱分析技术[J].光谱实验室. 2007, 24(3):388-395.
[3] Richard A. Crocombe, Dale. C. Flanders, Walid Atia. Micro-optical instrumentation for process spectroscopy[J]. Proc. of SPIE. 2004(5591): 11-25.
[4] Adrian Keating, Kevin Winchester, John M. Dell, Charlie Musca, Laura Faraone. NIR micro spectrometers– moving spectroscopy into the fridge[J]. NIR News. 2004, 15(4): 11-15.
[5] Jarek Antoszewski, John Dell, Thananjeyan Shivakumar, Mariusz Martyniuk, Kevin Winchester, Justin Wehner, Charlie Musca, Lorenzo Faraone. Towards MEMS based infrared tunable micro-spectrometers. Proc. Soc.Photoinst.Opt. Eng. 2002(4935): 148-155.
[6]严衍禄,等.近红外光谱分析基础及应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社. 2005:8-12, 82-94.
[7] P. C. Montgomery, D. Montaner, O. Manzardo, M. Flury, H. P. Herzig. The metrology of a miniature FT spectrometer MOEMS device using white light scanning interference microscopy[J]. Thin Solid Films. 2004(450): 79-83.
[8]周学秋,朱雨杰,刘旭.现代傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪器技术及其应用[J].现代仪器, 2002(4): 29-33.
[9]高明辉,林洁琼,廉凤慧,等.基于AOTF的便携式近红外光谱测量仪的研制[J].长春工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 29(3):314-318.
[10]朱韧.近红外在线光谱分析仪的研制[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学. 2008:7-9.
[11]秦西云,李军会,杨宇虹,等.国产光栅近红外光谱仪扫描条件对检测结果的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2007, 27(2): 411-413.
[12] G. Jodor, M. Sirota, H. Riris, W. Hasselbrack. A MEMS-based Fourier transform spectrometer[J]. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Optical Society of America Trends in Optics and Photonics. 2003(84): 55-58.
[13] Paul Wilks. Process Monitoring: Moving from the Laboratory to the Line. Spectroscopy. 2004,19(9): 24-34.
[14] Omar Manzardo, Roland Michaely, Felix Schadelin, Wilfried Noell, Thomas Overstolz, Nico deRooij, Hans Peter Herzig. Miniature lamellar grating interferometer based on silicon technology[J]. Optics. Lett. 2004, (29): 1437-1439.
[15]曹彦波,王兴华,等.精密光栅单色仪接口与驱动电路的研制[J].分析仪器, 2004(3): 11-14.
[16]岑兆丰,李晓彤,朱启华.光学系统杂散光分析[J].红外与激光工程, 2007, 36(3):300-304.
[17]钟兴,张雷,金光.反射光学系统杂散光的消除[J].红外与激光工程, 2008, 37(2):316-318.
[18] Desmond Brennan, John Alderman, Linda Sattler, Barry O’Connor, Cian O’Mathuna. Issues in development of NIR microspectrometer system for on-line process monitoring of milk product[J]. Measurement, 2003(33): 67-74.
[19]王刚.便携式近红外光谱仪电路系统模块改进设计[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学. 2009: 2-3.
[20]李睿.近红外光谱仪嵌入式采集控制模块设计[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学. 2009: 3-4.
[21]刘汉臣,王秋萍,张崇辉等.光栅扫描光谱仪参数的研究[J].应用光学,2008,29(4):595-598.
[22]赵凯华,钟锡华.《光学》下册[M].北京:北京大学出版社. 2003:18-23.
[23]李昌厚.紫外可见分光光度计[M].北京:化学工业出版社. 2005:7-15.
[24]徐枫.近红外水分仪的研制与开发[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2005:5-7.
[25]杜述松,王咏梅,杜国军,等.干涉成像光谱仪的杂散光分析[J].应用光学. 2009, 30(2):246-251.
[26]胡昌勤,冯艳春,著.近红外光谱法快速分析药品[M].北京:化学工业出版社. 2010:29-34.
[27] Joshua J. Mitteldorf, Donald O. Landon, Multiply Diffracted Light in the Czerny-Turner Spectrometer[J]. Applied Optics. 1968, 7(8): 1431-1435.
[28] M. V. R. K. Murty, Cary Principle in Monochromator Design[J]. Applied Optics. 1973, 12(9): 2018-2020.
[29]陈涌泉. TracePro入门与进阶. http://www.docin.com/p-15502332.html.
[30]丁伟雄,杨定安,宋晓光.步进电机的控制原理及其单片机控制实现[J].煤矿机械. 2005(6): 127-129.
[31]辛洪兵,郑伟智.压电谐波电机的研究[J].压电与声光. 2004, 26(2):122-125.
[32]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2004:3-8, 24-29, 138-142, 315-336.
[33] National Semiconductor, LM2596 Datasheet. http://www.national.com/mpf/LM/LM2596.html
[34] Web Catalog-Connection and Operation. Driver Model: CSD5807N-T.
[35]中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所:GD3562T型InGaAs探测器使用手册.
[36]毕查德·拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社. 2003:220-221.
[37] Analog Device, AD8615/AD8616/AD8618 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/
[38]戴金伟,陈增禄,毛惠丰,等. Butterworth带通滤波器设计[J].西安:西安工程科技学院学报.2003, 21(3): 367-370.
[39] Analog Device AD7680 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/
[40]田高友,褚小立,袁洪福,等.近红外光谱仪器主要技术指标与评价方法概述[J].现代科学仪器, 2005(4): 17-20.
[41]乔道鄂,谷玉海,徐小力.光栅光谱仪波长校准算法研究[J].光子学报, 2009, 38(9): 2284-2286.
[42]李昌厚.光谱带宽与分析测试误差的关系[J].分析测试技术与仪器. 2004, 10(2):65-67.
[43] YUAN Kun, JIN Shang-zhong, DAO Ke-gang. Research of data acquirement in NIR spectrometer based on SOPC[J]. SPIE, 2007(6723): 67232J-1~67232J-6.
[44]向毅贤.微型近红外光谱仪系统的研究[硕士论文].重庆:重庆大学. 2008: 39-46.
[45] Edita Botonjic, C. Steven Fawcett. Near-infrared application for tissue identification[J]. 2006, Proc. SPIE 2006(6380): 63800O-1~63800O-9.
[46]陆登俊,黎庆涛,刘曼萍,等.近红外光谱法测定混合汁中还原糖含量[J].广西轻工业. 2004(4): 13-16.
[47]毕卫红,李超,苗玉洁,等.利用近红外光谱技术对牛奶中蛋白质含量进行定量分析[J].计量技术. 2005(8): 34-36.
[2]张卉,宋妍,冷静,蒋庄德.近红外光谱分析技术[J].光谱实验室. 2007, 24(3):388-395.
[3] Richard A. Crocombe, Dale. C. Flanders, Walid Atia. Micro-optical instrumentation for process spectroscopy[J]. Proc. of SPIE. 2004(5591): 11-25.
[4] Adrian Keating, Kevin Winchester, John M. Dell, Charlie Musca, Laura Faraone. NIR micro spectrometers– moving spectroscopy into the fridge[J]. NIR News. 2004, 15(4): 11-15.
[5] Jarek Antoszewski, John Dell, Thananjeyan Shivakumar, Mariusz Martyniuk, Kevin Winchester, Justin Wehner, Charlie Musca, Lorenzo Faraone. Towards MEMS based infrared tunable micro-spectrometers. Proc. Soc.Photoinst.Opt. Eng. 2002(4935): 148-155.
[6]严衍禄,等.近红外光谱分析基础及应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社. 2005:8-12, 82-94.
[7] P. C. Montgomery, D. Montaner, O. Manzardo, M. Flury, H. P. Herzig. The metrology of a miniature FT spectrometer MOEMS device using white light scanning interference microscopy[J]. Thin Solid Films. 2004(450): 79-83.
[8]周学秋,朱雨杰,刘旭.现代傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪器技术及其应用[J].现代仪器, 2002(4): 29-33.
[9]高明辉,林洁琼,廉凤慧,等.基于AOTF的便携式近红外光谱测量仪的研制[J].长春工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 29(3):314-318.
[10]朱韧.近红外在线光谱分析仪的研制[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学. 2008:7-9.
[11]秦西云,李军会,杨宇虹,等.国产光栅近红外光谱仪扫描条件对检测结果的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2007, 27(2): 411-413.
[12] G. Jodor, M. Sirota, H. Riris, W. Hasselbrack. A MEMS-based Fourier transform spectrometer[J]. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Optical Society of America Trends in Optics and Photonics. 2003(84): 55-58.
[13] Paul Wilks. Process Monitoring: Moving from the Laboratory to the Line. Spectroscopy. 2004,19(9): 24-34.
[14] Omar Manzardo, Roland Michaely, Felix Schadelin, Wilfried Noell, Thomas Overstolz, Nico deRooij, Hans Peter Herzig. Miniature lamellar grating interferometer based on silicon technology[J]. Optics. Lett. 2004, (29): 1437-1439.
[15]曹彦波,王兴华,等.精密光栅单色仪接口与驱动电路的研制[J].分析仪器, 2004(3): 11-14.
[16]岑兆丰,李晓彤,朱启华.光学系统杂散光分析[J].红外与激光工程, 2007, 36(3):300-304.
[17]钟兴,张雷,金光.反射光学系统杂散光的消除[J].红外与激光工程, 2008, 37(2):316-318.
[18] Desmond Brennan, John Alderman, Linda Sattler, Barry O’Connor, Cian O’Mathuna. Issues in development of NIR microspectrometer system for on-line process monitoring of milk product[J]. Measurement, 2003(33): 67-74.
[19]王刚.便携式近红外光谱仪电路系统模块改进设计[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学. 2009: 2-3.
[20]李睿.近红外光谱仪嵌入式采集控制模块设计[硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学. 2009: 3-4.
[21]刘汉臣,王秋萍,张崇辉等.光栅扫描光谱仪参数的研究[J].应用光学,2008,29(4):595-598.
[22]赵凯华,钟锡华.《光学》下册[M].北京:北京大学出版社. 2003:18-23.
[23]李昌厚.紫外可见分光光度计[M].北京:化学工业出版社. 2005:7-15.
[24]徐枫.近红外水分仪的研制与开发[硕士论文].天津:天津大学. 2005:5-7.
[25]杜述松,王咏梅,杜国军,等.干涉成像光谱仪的杂散光分析[J].应用光学. 2009, 30(2):246-251.
[26]胡昌勤,冯艳春,著.近红外光谱法快速分析药品[M].北京:化学工业出版社. 2010:29-34.
[27] Joshua J. Mitteldorf, Donald O. Landon, Multiply Diffracted Light in the Czerny-Turner Spectrometer[J]. Applied Optics. 1968, 7(8): 1431-1435.
[28] M. V. R. K. Murty, Cary Principle in Monochromator Design[J]. Applied Optics. 1973, 12(9): 2018-2020.
[29]陈涌泉. TracePro入门与进阶. http://www.docin.com/p-15502332.html.
[30]丁伟雄,杨定安,宋晓光.步进电机的控制原理及其单片机控制实现[J].煤矿机械. 2005(6): 127-129.
[31]辛洪兵,郑伟智.压电谐波电机的研究[J].压电与声光. 2004, 26(2):122-125.
[32]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙. MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2004:3-8, 24-29, 138-142, 315-336.
[33] National Semiconductor, LM2596 Datasheet. http://www.national.com/mpf/LM/LM2596.html
[34] Web Catalog-Connection and Operation. Driver Model: CSD5807N-T.
[35]中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所:GD3562T型InGaAs探测器使用手册.
[36]毕查德·拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社. 2003:220-221.
[37] Analog Device, AD8615/AD8616/AD8618 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/
[38]戴金伟,陈增禄,毛惠丰,等. Butterworth带通滤波器设计[J].西安:西安工程科技学院学报.2003, 21(3): 367-370.
[39] Analog Device AD7680 datasheet. http://www.analog.com/
[40]田高友,褚小立,袁洪福,等.近红外光谱仪器主要技术指标与评价方法概述[J].现代科学仪器, 2005(4): 17-20.
[41]乔道鄂,谷玉海,徐小力.光栅光谱仪波长校准算法研究[J].光子学报, 2009, 38(9): 2284-2286.
[42]李昌厚.光谱带宽与分析测试误差的关系[J].分析测试技术与仪器. 2004, 10(2):65-67.
[43] YUAN Kun, JIN Shang-zhong, DAO Ke-gang. Research of data acquirement in NIR spectrometer based on SOPC[J]. SPIE, 2007(6723): 67232J-1~67232J-6.
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