双光纤光栅传感器的研究
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摘要
本文旨在提出一种简单易行的光纤光栅传感器,使其能应用在一些对成本有严格要求,对精确要求不是很高的环境中,进一步扩大光纤光栅传感器的适应范围。
首先针对双光纤光栅传感器做相应的理论分析,然后设计了一种用双啁啾光纤光栅来实现的应力传感器及一种用保偏光纤光栅来实现的温度传感器：
1)分析了光纤光栅的温度传感原理和应变传感原理,总结了温度与应变交叉敏感解决办法及封装技术的进展；
2)在光纤布拉格光栅的耦合模理论基础上推导出啁啾光栅和保偏光栅的特性并得到了相应的仿真图；
3)提出了一种双啁啾光纤光栅应力传感器,并将设计的双啁啾光纤光栅应力传感器与单片机结合成功构建了一种新型的公路交通流量监视系统。首先利用单片机的接口技术将传感器输出的模拟信号转化成数字信号,然后用单片机编程实现数据的处理及分析,成功的通过检测电压的变化来进行轮轴识别,最后用单片机进行采样运算比较,判断车型。建模仿真结果证明,此监控系统能很好的识别各种车型,完成对公路交通流量的监控；
4)在研究了保偏光纤光栅特性之后提出了一种温度传感器,利用保偏光纤光栅构成的激光器来实现温度的传感。从理论上仿真验证了此传感器的可行性。
In this work, a simple optical fiber grating sensor is proposed and demonstrated. It can find applications in special environments with lower cost and accuracy, and also it will expend the application of fiber grating sensor.
First of all, we analyze the theory of the dual-fiber Bragg gating sensors. Then we design a stress sensor based on double-chirped fiber grating and a temperature sensor based on double polarization maintaining fiber grating.
1) This part consists of three points, namely, the theories of temperature sensor and strain sensor, the solution of temperature and strain cross-sensitivity, and the progress of packaging technology.
2) According to the coupled mode theory, we derive the characters of chirped grating and polarization maintaining fiber grating. Simulations are carried out.
3) A double-chirped fiber grating stress sensor is proposed in this part. A new traffic monitoring system is constructed based on the combination of the new sensor and single chip. In the proposed scheme, the analog signal is first converted to the digital signal through the single chip interface technology, and then we develop a MPU programming to process acquired data. Finally, the system successfully identifies the axle by detecting voltage changes, and determines the vehicle mode through single chip sampling operations. The results shows that the traffic monitoring system could identify the vehicle mode correctly, accomplish traffic flow monitoring.
4) A temperature sensor is proposed based on polarization maintaining fiber grating. By using this sensor and optical maser, the temperature sense could be accomplished. This paper verified the feasibility of the sensor through numerical calculation and simulation.
首先针对双光纤光栅传感器做相应的理论分析,然后设计了一种用双啁啾光纤光栅来实现的应力传感器及一种用保偏光纤光栅来实现的温度传感器：
1)分析了光纤光栅的温度传感原理和应变传感原理,总结了温度与应变交叉敏感解决办法及封装技术的进展；
2)在光纤布拉格光栅的耦合模理论基础上推导出啁啾光栅和保偏光栅的特性并得到了相应的仿真图；
3)提出了一种双啁啾光纤光栅应力传感器,并将设计的双啁啾光纤光栅应力传感器与单片机结合成功构建了一种新型的公路交通流量监视系统。首先利用单片机的接口技术将传感器输出的模拟信号转化成数字信号,然后用单片机编程实现数据的处理及分析,成功的通过检测电压的变化来进行轮轴识别,最后用单片机进行采样运算比较,判断车型。建模仿真结果证明,此监控系统能很好的识别各种车型,完成对公路交通流量的监控；
4)在研究了保偏光纤光栅特性之后提出了一种温度传感器,利用保偏光纤光栅构成的激光器来实现温度的传感。从理论上仿真验证了此传感器的可行性。
In this work, a simple optical fiber grating sensor is proposed and demonstrated. It can find applications in special environments with lower cost and accuracy, and also it will expend the application of fiber grating sensor.
First of all, we analyze the theory of the dual-fiber Bragg gating sensors. Then we design a stress sensor based on double-chirped fiber grating and a temperature sensor based on double polarization maintaining fiber grating.
1) This part consists of three points, namely, the theories of temperature sensor and strain sensor, the solution of temperature and strain cross-sensitivity, and the progress of packaging technology.
2) According to the coupled mode theory, we derive the characters of chirped grating and polarization maintaining fiber grating. Simulations are carried out.
3) A double-chirped fiber grating stress sensor is proposed in this part. A new traffic monitoring system is constructed based on the combination of the new sensor and single chip. In the proposed scheme, the analog signal is first converted to the digital signal through the single chip interface technology, and then we develop a MPU programming to process acquired data. Finally, the system successfully identifies the axle by detecting voltage changes, and determines the vehicle mode through single chip sampling operations. The results shows that the traffic monitoring system could identify the vehicle mode correctly, accomplish traffic flow monitoring.
4) A temperature sensor is proposed based on polarization maintaining fiber grating. By using this sensor and optical maser, the temperature sense could be accomplished. This paper verified the feasibility of the sensor through numerical calculation and simulation.
引文
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[33]张燕君,王海宝,陈泽贵等.光纤光栅毛细钢管封装工艺及其传感特性研究[J].激光与红外.2009.39(1).53-55.
[34]周红,乔学光,李娟妮等.用于光纤光栅封装的环氧胶黏剂纳米改性研究[J].光电子·激光.2009.20(5).590-594
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[36]谢剑锋,张华,张国平等.封装材料性能对光纤布拉格光栅温度灵敏度影响分析[J].光电子·激光,2008,19(9)：1158-1162
[37]于秀娟,余有龙,张敏等.铜片封装光纤光栅传感器的应变和温度传感特性研究[J].光子学报,2006,35(9)：1325-1328
[38]刘春桐,李洪才,张志利等.铝合金箔片封装光纤光栅传感特性研究[J].光电子·激光,2007,19(7)：905-908
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[2]赵刚,光纤光栅液位传感器研究[D]：上海：复旦大学,2009
[3]Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, et al. Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Wave guides: Application to Reflection Filter Fabrication[J]. Applied Physics Letters,1978,32(10):647-649
[4]Meltz G., Morey W W, Glem H. Formation of Bragg Grating in Optical Fibers by a Transverse Holographic Method[J]. Optic Letters,1989,14:823-825
[5]Hill K O, Malo B, Bilodeau F, et al. Bragg Grating Fabricated inmonomode Photosensitive Optical Fiber by UV Exposure through a Phase Mask[M]. Applied Physics Letters,1993,62: 1035-1037.
[6]姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器的应用概况[J].光电子·激光,2002,13(4)：420-429
[7]Friebele P, et al. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors:present and future applications in smart structures[J]. Optics and Photonics News,1998,9:33-37
[8]彭刚,光纤布拉格光栅传感器耐高温保护及温度增敏研究[D].江西：南昌大学,2008
[9]仪表展览网http://www.18show.cn/knowledge/d381900.html,2010
[10]白冰,光纤光栅传感器原理与应用研究[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2005,1：21-25
[11]Ecke W, Optical Fiber Grating Strain Sensor Network for X-38 Spacecraft Health Monitoring[J]. SPIE,2000,4185:888-891
[12]Zhang L, Spatial and wavelength multiplexing architectures for extreme strain Monitoring system using identical-chirped-grating-interrogationg technique[J]. Proc of the Optical Fiber Sensors Conf. (OFS-12), Williamsburg, VA, USA,1997,pp.425-455
[13]Ferdinand P, Applications of Bragg grating sensors in Europe, [J]. Proc of the Optical Fiber Sensors Conf. (OFS-12), Williamsburg, VA, USA,1997, pp.14-19
[14]Ecke W, etal. Optical Fiber Grating Strain Sensor Network for X-38 Space craft Health Monitoring [A]. Proc of the SPIE[c].2000,4185:888-891
[15]Day G W, Faraday effect sensors:a review of recent progress, Advances in optical Fiber Sensors [J]. SPIE PM07,1992:11-26
[16]Henderson P J, Current metering using fiber-grating based in terrogation of a Conventional current transformer[J]. Proc of the Optical Fiber Sensors Conf. (OFS-12), Williamsburg, VA, USA,1997, pp.186-189
[17]Kersey A D, Downhole monitoring in oil reservoirs [J]. IEICE Trans. Electron, E83-C,2000, pp.400-404
[18]Hjelme D R, Application of Bragg grating sensors in the characterization of scaled marine vehicle models[J]. Applied Optics,1997,36, pp.328-336
[19]于永森Bragg光纤光栅的制作及在传感器和光纤放大器中应用研究：(博士学位论文).吉林：吉林大学,2005
[20]王艳.光纤Bragg光栅压力传感器的研究[D].大连理工大学.2007
[21]宋利娜.光纤Bragg光栅温度压力传感技术研究[D].西北大学.2008
[22]李科.光纤光栅传感器的研究[J].光电子·激光,2009,17(5)：564-567
[231吴海峰, 王向宇,雍振等.消除光纤光栅温度压力交叉敏感技术进展[J].光通信技术, 2009,3：11-13
[24]WANG Hong-liang, ZHANG Jing, QIAO Xue-guang, et al. A Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor with High Temperature-Resistance[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2008,21(6):964-966
[25]禹大宽,乔学光,贾振安等。一种新颖越装的耐高温光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器[J].光子学报,2006,35(2)：232-234
[26]武胜军,王宏力,张明源.FBG应变与温度交叉敏感分离方法研究[J].传感器与微系统,2008,27(3)：27-30
[27]王目光,李唐军,卓锋等.光纤光栅传感器应变和温度交叉敏感问题分析[J].光通信研究,2001,108(6)：50-53
[28]张祝林,杨振坤.双光纤布拉格光栅温度和应变传感研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(6)：607-610.
[29]Jin W, HoHL, Liao Y B, et al. Development of a wavelength detection system for fiber grating sensors[A], advanced sensor systems and applications[C], Proc of SPIE,2004:68-76
[30]吴传福,刘有信.光纤光栅应变传感器温度补偿解决方案[J].激光与红外,2006,4：10-14
[31]李晓林,张亚勇.光纤光栅温度应力同时区分测量技术的新进展[J].传感器与微系统,2007,26(31)：13-16
[32]禹大宽,乔学光,贾振安等.贴片封装的光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器[J].仪表技术与传感器,2006,9(9)：4-7
[33]张燕君,王海宝,陈泽贵等.光纤光栅毛细钢管封装工艺及其传感特性研究[J].激光与红外.2009.39(1).53-55.
[34]周红,乔学光,李娟妮等.用于光纤光栅封装的环氧胶黏剂纳米改性研究[J].光电子·激光.2009.20(5).590-594
[35]刘春桐,涂洪亮,李洪才等.全金属封装光纤光栅的温度传感特性研究[J].传感器与微系统,2008,27(10)：58-60
[36]谢剑锋,张华,张国平等.封装材料性能对光纤布拉格光栅温度灵敏度影响分析[J].光电子·激光,2008,19(9)：1158-1162
[37]于秀娟,余有龙,张敏等.铜片封装光纤光栅传感器的应变和温度传感特性研究[J].光子学报,2006,35(9)：1325-1328
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