2.5KVA小型汽油发电机变频电源控制器的研制
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展,工农业用电需求急剧增加。作为移动电源和备用电源的发电机,其市场需求也随之日益增大。汽油发电机组的最新发展趋势是汽油发电机组和电力电子变换器的结合以及电子调速器的使用,也就是将发电机输出的原始电压经过电力电子变换器处理,然后再输出给负载,电子调速器调节发动机转速,以达到节能的目的。为适应市场的需要,开发一种输出稳定、可靠性高、成本低的小型汽油发电机组具有较大的实用价值。
本课题研究和设计2.5KVA小型汽油发电机变频电源控制器。该变频电源控制器的功率变换电路采用交一直一交的变换模式,输出为单相220V/50Hz的交流电。
本文首先介绍了汽油发电机组的基本原理及其运行特性,在此基础上,以单片机控制为核心,详细阐述了变频电源系统的结构组成及其控制实现原理。对功率变换电路作了详细的分析与设计,包括整流电路,降压电路,逆变电路和辅助电源电路的设计,并给出了各组成电路元器件选型的具体依据。
针对BUCK降压电路的控制,采用脉宽调制集成芯片和PI调节构成的电压模式闭环控制,实现直流母线电压的稳定调节。而逆变器的控制则在建立其线性化模型的基础上,引入双闭环比例控制,很好地解决了系统输出稳态误差过大的问题。但由于双闭环比例控制仍存在输出失真的问题,作为改进控制,引入重复控制策略来提高系统的动态响应能力和稳定性,以提高逆变器的负载适应性。
在变频电源功率变换电路设计的基础上,设计了汽油机转速控制系统。针对汽油机工作过程中具有明显的时变性,非线性和不确定性,采用PID与模糊控制相结合的策略,设计出转速控制器,使发动机的转速能够迅速平稳地跟踪负载的变化,从而更好地提高输出电源的品质。
The new style gasoline engine generator combined with power electronic converter and electronic speed controller, have shown its superiority in good output quality and low oil consumption. In order to suit the market requirement, it is valuable to develop small gasoline engine generator with good output quality.
The aim of this thesis is to develop the 2.5KVA variable-frequency power sources controller. It consists of two parts: one is power electronic inverter; the other is speed control of gasoline engine. According to gasoline engine generator output characteristic, this thesis chooses the AC-DC-AC topological structure. This thesis analysis the constituent part of circuit and at the same time make the component selected. In the design of control circuit, the BUCK circuit selects voltage closed-loop mode. Its controller composes with pulse width modulator and adopts PI modulation as regulative technology. Base on the establishing of SPWM inverter model, selective analysis inverter controller's control policy. In this design use the double closed-loop proportion control in order to reduce steady state error. Repeatedly control is used to improve dynamic response and stable characteristic. The result of simulation and actual show that this control policy of inverter is effective.
According to the gasoline generator's feature, this thesis use PID and fuzzy control as the speed control system's theory .
本课题研究和设计2.5KVA小型汽油发电机变频电源控制器。该变频电源控制器的功率变换电路采用交一直一交的变换模式,输出为单相220V/50Hz的交流电。
本文首先介绍了汽油发电机组的基本原理及其运行特性,在此基础上,以单片机控制为核心,详细阐述了变频电源系统的结构组成及其控制实现原理。对功率变换电路作了详细的分析与设计,包括整流电路,降压电路,逆变电路和辅助电源电路的设计,并给出了各组成电路元器件选型的具体依据。
针对BUCK降压电路的控制,采用脉宽调制集成芯片和PI调节构成的电压模式闭环控制,实现直流母线电压的稳定调节。而逆变器的控制则在建立其线性化模型的基础上,引入双闭环比例控制,很好地解决了系统输出稳态误差过大的问题。但由于双闭环比例控制仍存在输出失真的问题,作为改进控制,引入重复控制策略来提高系统的动态响应能力和稳定性,以提高逆变器的负载适应性。
在变频电源功率变换电路设计的基础上,设计了汽油机转速控制系统。针对汽油机工作过程中具有明显的时变性,非线性和不确定性,采用PID与模糊控制相结合的策略,设计出转速控制器,使发动机的转速能够迅速平稳地跟踪负载的变化,从而更好地提高输出电源的品质。
The new style gasoline engine generator combined with power electronic converter and electronic speed controller, have shown its superiority in good output quality and low oil consumption. In order to suit the market requirement, it is valuable to develop small gasoline engine generator with good output quality.
The aim of this thesis is to develop the 2.5KVA variable-frequency power sources controller. It consists of two parts: one is power electronic inverter; the other is speed control of gasoline engine. According to gasoline engine generator output characteristic, this thesis chooses the AC-DC-AC topological structure. This thesis analysis the constituent part of circuit and at the same time make the component selected. In the design of control circuit, the BUCK circuit selects voltage closed-loop mode. Its controller composes with pulse width modulator and adopts PI modulation as regulative technology. Base on the establishing of SPWM inverter model, selective analysis inverter controller's control policy. In this design use the double closed-loop proportion control in order to reduce steady state error. Repeatedly control is used to improve dynamic response and stable characteristic. The result of simulation and actual show that this control policy of inverter is effective.
According to the gasoline generator's feature, this thesis use PID and fuzzy control as the speed control system's theory .
引文
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[2]范晓.小型汽油发电机组原理应用和维修[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[3]周水清.汽油发动机作为发电机组动力的要求和现状[J].移动电源与车辆,1994,(1):1-3.
[4]吴民桥.柴油机数字式电子调速器的技术现状和发展趋势[J].中外船舶科技,2001,(4):20-24.
[5]宗平.开普数码发电机组[J].能源与环保,2005,(2):25-26.
[6]赵文钦,黄启松,林辉.新编柴油汽油机实用维修技术[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2007.
[7]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[8]陈道炼.DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M]。北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[9]西安交通大学内燃机教研室.内燃机原理[M].北京:中国农业机械工业出版社,1981.
[10]辜承林,陈乔夫,熊永钱.电机学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.
[11]苏石川,元广杰,杨宗明.现代柴油机组的应用和管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[12]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第4版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[13]Keith Billings著.开关电源手册(第2版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[14]黄晓林.脉宽调制器SG3525及其在变频电源中的应用研究[J].电气传动,2005,35(10):35-40.
[15]谢力华,苏彦文.正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术[J].电力电子技术,2001,1(20):52-56.
[16]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[17]陈瑞.基于双环控制的PWM逆变器的研究[J].通信电源技术,2006,(2):23-25.
[18]王归新,康勇,陈坚.基于状态空间平均法的单相逆变器控制建模[J].电力电子技术,2004,10(38):20-23.
[19]O.Kuker,H.Komurcugil,N.S.Baymdir.Control Strategy for Single-phase UPS Inverters[J].IEEE Proc-Elevtr.Power Appl,2003,11(6):338-342.
[20]D.M.Divan.Inverter Topologies and Control Techniques for Sinusoidal Output Power Supply[C].IEEE APEC'91,1991:81-87.
[21]Li Jian,Kang Yong,Chen Jian.A Novel Repetitive PD Control Strategy for Single-phase 400Hz CVCF Inverters[C].IEEE 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society,Iecon'02,2002:544-549.
[22]Zhang Kai,Chen Jian.Study On An Inverter With Assignment and Repetitive Control for UPS Applications[C].A.IPEMC'2000 C.Beijing,China,2000:650-653.
[23]Ying-yu Tzou,Rong-shyang Ou,Meng-yueh Chang.High Performance Programable AC Power Source with Low Harmonic Distortion using DSP-based Repetitive Control Technique[J].IEEE Trans.Power electronics,1997,12(4):715-725.
[24]高军,黎辉,杨旭等.基于PID控制和重复控制的正弦波逆变电源研究[J].电工电能新技术,2002,1(21):10-13.
[25]胡书举,王峰,裴云庆等.中频发电机用逆变电源的研制[J].电工技术杂志,2004,(2):64-66.
[26]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[27]刘金昆.先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[28]陈锦.小型高速汽油发电机组数字控制系统与控制算法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
[29]李云伍,乌建中,史俊武等.天然气内燃发电机组频率前馈补偿模糊PID控制[J].机电一体化,2006,12(03):56-60.
[30]T.S.Radwan.Digital Current Controt Techniques for Voltage Source Inverters[C].Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,1995,(2):1124-1127.
[31]刘兴华.柴油机转速调节系统分析探讨[J].内燃机,2001,(4):6-8.
[32]陆平,张滨阿.柴油机电子调速系统的变增益非线性问题研究[J].内燃机工程,1992,13(01):65-71.
[33]Kevin M P.Fuzzy Control[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[34]李彦强,黄次浩.柴油机电子调速器PID参数模糊自校正研究[J].内燃机学报,2001,19(03):267-269.
[35]段晖辉,高世伦.模糊PID在柴油数字式电子调速器中的应用[J].内燃机工程,1998,19(04):65-71.
[36]Tan W W.A Self-learning Fuzzy Controller for Embedded Applications[J].Automatics,2000,(36):1189-1198.
[37]Mummadi V.Feedforward Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Systems Using Fuzzy Controller[J].IEEE Trans.Power electronics,2002,38(03):969-981.
[38]王维俊,刘和平,宋宏洲.单相自激式异步发电机理论与实践研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,21(4):48-52.
[39]Wang L.X.Stable Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Nonlinear Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on fuzzy systems,1993,1(2):146-155.
[40]Tong Shaocheng,Chai Tianyou.Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Nonlinear Systems[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1999,10(3):379-381.
[41]Li Hanxing,Tong Shaocheng.A Hybrid Adaptive Fuzzy Control for a Class of Nonlinear MIMO Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2003,11(1):24-34.
[42]佟绍成.非线性系统的自适应模糊控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[43]王伟,张晶涛,柴天佑.PID参数先进整定方法综述[J].自动化学报,2000,26(3):347-355.
[44]陈波宁,曾科,周龙保等.电控汽油机喷射系统的抗干扰技术[J].小型内燃机,1999,(4):38-48.
[45]Eric W.Digital Current Control of a Voltage Source Converter with Active Damping of LCL Resonance[J].Twentieth Annual IEEE,2005,(3):1642-1649.
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