燃料电池内阻测试用可控交流电流源研究与设计
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摘要
在质子交换膜燃料电池系统中,燃料电池内阻是衡量电子和质子在电极内传输难易程度的主要标志,也是决定电堆发电效率的关键参数。通过实时测量燃料电池内阻以获取电池运行的实时动态信息,增进对燃料电池反应机理的理解和分析,这对提高燃料电池耐久性及使用寿命具有非常重要的意义。而在燃料电池内阻在线测试系统中,可控交流电流源作为整个测试系统的激励源显得尤为关键。本文正是以燃料电池内阻测试用可控交流电流源为研究对象,以DSP为核心控制器,通过DC/DC和DC/AC两级功率变换单元的设计,实现了高精度、宽范围的变频变幅正弦电流的输出,具体研究内容如下:
首先从整体上论述了电流源系统的各个组成部分,提出了用电压型逆变桥实现稳流输出的控制方案,并通过对电压型逆变桥的等效分析论证了该方案的可行性。以数字实现难易程度以及输出效果的好坏为依据,通过对两种经典的SPWM调制方式对比分析,采用了单极性SPWM调制方式,同时开展了控制算法的对比研究。
根据电流源系统的具体要求,采用DSP作为主控制器,给出了基于DSP的系统的硬件结构框图,构建了模块化的硬件平台,包括控制模块,前级DC/DC功率模块,逆变主模块,通讯模块,辅助电源部分和保护电路,并具体实现了各个模块的硬件电路的设计。
在逆变主电路模型的基础上,建立了双电流闭环控制模型并进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明双电流环控制具有很好的稳定性和动态响应。通过对传统的连续PID控制到离散的增量式PI控制的研究,设计了基于DSP的带积分饱和环节的增量式数字PI控制器。
完成了基于DSP控制器的电流源系统软件设计,着重对软件设计中的几个重要环节进行分析研究。进行了电流源系统的实验,实验表明该控制系统基本实现了上述控制要求,取得了较好的控制效果。
In the PEMFC system,impedance of the fuel cell is not only the main signs which measurses the situation of the proton and electron transfering,but also decided to stack the key parameters of power generation efficiency.Real-time measurement impedance of fuel cell show the real-time access dynamic information,enhance understanding and analysis of the fuel cell reaction mechanism,has very important significance to improve fuel cell durability and life.In the fuel impedance on-line monitoring system,the controllable AC current source as a source of excitation is particularly critical.This dissertation gives a current source system design which takes DSP as a controller,and through the joint regulation of the DC/DC and DC/AC two-level-power transform to achieve high accuracy,wide range of frequency conversion amplitude-change sinusoidal current output.The output current parameter is set by the main control board of internal impedance test which is connecting network through communication interface.The main content is as follows:
Discuss the various components of the current source syetem overall,make a control programme which achieves stable current output by using voltage inverter bridge,and prove the feasibility of the programme by equivalent analysis of voltage inverter bridge.According to the ease of digital effects,the quality of output and the comparative analysis of the two classic SPWM modulation,we adopt the unipolar SPWM modulation and research the control algorithm at the same time.
According to specific requirements of current source system,we have given the structure diagram of hardware of the system,and also built a modular hardware platform,including the control module,DC/DC power modules,inverter modules, communication module,protect module and the auxiliary power part.It has concretely finished each module hardware design.
On the basis of inverter model in the main circuit,it has established a dual-current closed-loop control model,The simulation results show that current dual-loop control has a good stability and dynamic response.Researching from the traditional continuous PID control to the discrete incremental PI control,it has designed a DSP-based and integral saturated in part incremental digital PI controller.
The current source system software design based on DSP controller has been finished,and we especially conducts the analysis research of software design's several important links.Carried on the current source system's experiment,the experiment show that the control system has basically achieved the control requirements above-mentioned,and obtained better control effect.
首先从整体上论述了电流源系统的各个组成部分,提出了用电压型逆变桥实现稳流输出的控制方案,并通过对电压型逆变桥的等效分析论证了该方案的可行性。以数字实现难易程度以及输出效果的好坏为依据,通过对两种经典的SPWM调制方式对比分析,采用了单极性SPWM调制方式,同时开展了控制算法的对比研究。
根据电流源系统的具体要求,采用DSP作为主控制器,给出了基于DSP的系统的硬件结构框图,构建了模块化的硬件平台,包括控制模块,前级DC/DC功率模块,逆变主模块,通讯模块,辅助电源部分和保护电路,并具体实现了各个模块的硬件电路的设计。
在逆变主电路模型的基础上,建立了双电流闭环控制模型并进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明双电流环控制具有很好的稳定性和动态响应。通过对传统的连续PID控制到离散的增量式PI控制的研究,设计了基于DSP的带积分饱和环节的增量式数字PI控制器。
完成了基于DSP控制器的电流源系统软件设计,着重对软件设计中的几个重要环节进行分析研究。进行了电流源系统的实验,实验表明该控制系统基本实现了上述控制要求,取得了较好的控制效果。
In the PEMFC system,impedance of the fuel cell is not only the main signs which measurses the situation of the proton and electron transfering,but also decided to stack the key parameters of power generation efficiency.Real-time measurement impedance of fuel cell show the real-time access dynamic information,enhance understanding and analysis of the fuel cell reaction mechanism,has very important significance to improve fuel cell durability and life.In the fuel impedance on-line monitoring system,the controllable AC current source as a source of excitation is particularly critical.This dissertation gives a current source system design which takes DSP as a controller,and through the joint regulation of the DC/DC and DC/AC two-level-power transform to achieve high accuracy,wide range of frequency conversion amplitude-change sinusoidal current output.The output current parameter is set by the main control board of internal impedance test which is connecting network through communication interface.The main content is as follows:
Discuss the various components of the current source syetem overall,make a control programme which achieves stable current output by using voltage inverter bridge,and prove the feasibility of the programme by equivalent analysis of voltage inverter bridge.According to the ease of digital effects,the quality of output and the comparative analysis of the two classic SPWM modulation,we adopt the unipolar SPWM modulation and research the control algorithm at the same time.
According to specific requirements of current source system,we have given the structure diagram of hardware of the system,and also built a modular hardware platform,including the control module,DC/DC power modules,inverter modules, communication module,protect module and the auxiliary power part.It has concretely finished each module hardware design.
On the basis of inverter model in the main circuit,it has established a dual-current closed-loop control model,The simulation results show that current dual-loop control has a good stability and dynamic response.Researching from the traditional continuous PID control to the discrete incremental PI control,it has designed a DSP-based and integral saturated in part incremental digital PI controller.
The current source system software design based on DSP controller has been finished,and we especially conducts the analysis research of software design's several important links.Carried on the current source system's experiment,the experiment show that the control system has basically achieved the control requirements above-mentioned,and obtained better control effect.
引文
[1]衣宝廉.燃料电池原理·技术·应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003:1-15
[2]王济浩,赵巍,张伟.燃料电池测试系统的关键技术.中国电工技术学会第八届学术会议论文集:47-51
[3]张卫平.绿色电源—现代电能变换技术及应用.北京:科学出版社,2001.1-5
[4]裴普成,张金辉.质子交换膜燃料电池欧姆阻抗的测试.2006年APC联合学术年会论文集:20-25
[5]张金辉,裴普成.质子交换膜燃料电池欧姆阻抗的试验研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007年第47卷第2期:228-231
[6]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000.1-6
[7]张占松,蔡宣三等.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1-30
[8]周志敏等.开关电源实用技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.1-30
[9]魏应冬.低压交流稳流电源的研究与设计.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005
[10]赖寿宏.微型计算机控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[11]王念旭等.DSP基础与应用系统设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002
[12]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,彭启琮,张诗雅,常冉等编著.TI DSP集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[13]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,张卫宁编译.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU与外设(上、下).北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[14]张洪成.PWM逆变器输入端及输出端滤波器的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2004
[15]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器.北京:科学出版社.2002.1-3
[16]谢力华,苏彦民.逆变电源的数字控制技术.第七届中国电力电子与传动控制学术会议CPED2001,24-31
[17]张蓉.数字控制SPWM逆变器研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006年2月
[18]刘小河,臧健.基于DSP的SPWM直接面积等效算法的分析与实现.《现代电子技术》2003年第3期总第146期
[19]朱朝霞.正弦波输出变频变压电源调制方式的研究.杭州:浙江大学,2005
[20]Y.Duan,H.Jin.Digital Controller Design for Switchmode Power Converters.Proceeding of IEEE APEC'99,1999,967-973
[21]Cha Han-Ju,Kim Shin-Sup,Kang Min-Gu,et al,Real-time digital control of PWM inverter with PI compensator for uninterruptible power supply,IEEE IECON'90,1990:1124-1128
[22]Kawamura Atsuo,Yokoyama Tomoki,Comparison of five different approaches for real time digital feedback control of PWM inverters,IEEE IAS'90,1990:1005-1011
[23]陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2005
[24]Kawamura Atsuo,Chuarayapratip Ronachai,Haneyoshi Toshimasa,Deadbeat control of PWM inverter with modified pulse patterns for uninterruptible power supply,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1988,35(2):295-300
[25]Kojima Mari,Hirabayashi Kazufumi,Kawabata Yoshitaka,et al,Novel vector control system using deadbeat controlled PWM inverter with output LC filter,IEEE IAS'02,2002:2102-2109
[26]Guo Weinong,Duan Shanxu,Kong Xuejuan,et al,A modified deadbeat control for single-phase voltage-source PWM inverters based on asymmetric regular sample,IEEE PESC'01,2001:962-967
[27]Zhang Kai,Kang Yong,Xiong Jian,et al,Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for UPS purpose,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3):784-792
[28]Tzou Ying-Yu,Jung Shih-Liang,Yeh Hsin-Chung,Adaptive repetitive control of PWM inverters for very low THD AC-voltage regulation with unknown loads,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(5):973-981
[29]Rech C.,Pinheiro J.R.,New repetitive control system of PWM inverters with improved dynamic performance under nonperiodic disturbances,IEEE PESC'04,2004:54-60
[30]游志青.基于重复控制技术的数字式逆变电源的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2003
[31]Zhang Hui,Liu Ping,Zhang Lai,et al,Three-phase SPWM inverter system based on fuzzy control,IEEE PIEMC'00,2000:1150-1154
[32]Hsu Feng-Yih,Fu Li-Chen,Adaptive fuzzy control for uninterruptible power supply with three-phase PWM inverter,IEEE Fuzzy Systems Symposium,1996:188-193
[33]Osterholtz H.,Simple fuzzy control of a PWM inverter for a UPS system,IEE INTELEC'95,1995:565-570
[34]Sun Xiao,Chow M.H.L.,Leung F.H.E,Analogue implementation of a neural network controller for UPS inverter applications,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002,17(3): 305-313.
[35]Pinto J.O.P.,Bose B.K.,Da Silva L.E.B.,A neural-nelwork-based space-vector PWM controller for voltage-fed inverter induction motor drive,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1628-1636.
[36]Trzynadlowski A.M.,Legowski S.,Application of neural networks to the optimal control of three-phase voltage-controlled inverters,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(4):397-404
[37]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子交流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999.1-5
[38]林渭助.现代电力电子电路.杭州:大学出版社,2002
[39]胡寿松.自动控制原理.国防工业出版社,2001
[40]陈东华.瞬时值控制逆变器技术研究.南京航空航天大学工学硕士论文.2003
[41]赵青.一种基于单极性SPWM控制的正弦波逆变器的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2004
[42]张德江.计算机控制系统。北京:机械工业出版社.2007
[43]刘陵顺,尚安利,顾文锦.SPWM逆变器死区效应的研究.电机与控制学报2001第5卷第4期
[44]李剑,康勇,陈坚.单相SPWM逆变器的死区效应分析和补偿策略.电气传动2003第1期
[45]王立华.DSP系统硬件设计时需注意的几个问题.微型机与应用.2005年第7期24-25
[2]王济浩,赵巍,张伟.燃料电池测试系统的关键技术.中国电工技术学会第八届学术会议论文集:47-51
[3]张卫平.绿色电源—现代电能变换技术及应用.北京:科学出版社,2001.1-5
[4]裴普成,张金辉.质子交换膜燃料电池欧姆阻抗的测试.2006年APC联合学术年会论文集:20-25
[5]张金辉,裴普成.质子交换膜燃料电池欧姆阻抗的试验研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007年第47卷第2期:228-231
[6]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000.1-6
[7]张占松,蔡宣三等.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1-30
[8]周志敏等.开关电源实用技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.1-30
[9]魏应冬.低压交流稳流电源的研究与设计.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2005
[10]赖寿宏.微型计算机控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[11]王念旭等.DSP基础与应用系统设计.北京:航空航天大学出版社,2002
[12]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,彭启琮,张诗雅,常冉等编著.TI DSP集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[13]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,张卫宁编译.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU与外设(上、下).北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[14]张洪成.PWM逆变器输入端及输出端滤波器的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2004
[15]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器.北京:科学出版社.2002.1-3
[16]谢力华,苏彦民.逆变电源的数字控制技术.第七届中国电力电子与传动控制学术会议CPED2001,24-31
[17]张蓉.数字控制SPWM逆变器研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.2006年2月
[18]刘小河,臧健.基于DSP的SPWM直接面积等效算法的分析与实现.《现代电子技术》2003年第3期总第146期
[19]朱朝霞.正弦波输出变频变压电源调制方式的研究.杭州:浙江大学,2005
[20]Y.Duan,H.Jin.Digital Controller Design for Switchmode Power Converters.Proceeding of IEEE APEC'99,1999,967-973
[21]Cha Han-Ju,Kim Shin-Sup,Kang Min-Gu,et al,Real-time digital control of PWM inverter with PI compensator for uninterruptible power supply,IEEE IECON'90,1990:1124-1128
[22]Kawamura Atsuo,Yokoyama Tomoki,Comparison of five different approaches for real time digital feedback control of PWM inverters,IEEE IAS'90,1990:1005-1011
[23]陶永华.新型PID控制及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2005
[24]Kawamura Atsuo,Chuarayapratip Ronachai,Haneyoshi Toshimasa,Deadbeat control of PWM inverter with modified pulse patterns for uninterruptible power supply,IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1988,35(2):295-300
[25]Kojima Mari,Hirabayashi Kazufumi,Kawabata Yoshitaka,et al,Novel vector control system using deadbeat controlled PWM inverter with output LC filter,IEEE IAS'02,2002:2102-2109
[26]Guo Weinong,Duan Shanxu,Kong Xuejuan,et al,A modified deadbeat control for single-phase voltage-source PWM inverters based on asymmetric regular sample,IEEE PESC'01,2001:962-967
[27]Zhang Kai,Kang Yong,Xiong Jian,et al,Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for UPS purpose,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3):784-792
[28]Tzou Ying-Yu,Jung Shih-Liang,Yeh Hsin-Chung,Adaptive repetitive control of PWM inverters for very low THD AC-voltage regulation with unknown loads,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(5):973-981
[29]Rech C.,Pinheiro J.R.,New repetitive control system of PWM inverters with improved dynamic performance under nonperiodic disturbances,IEEE PESC'04,2004:54-60
[30]游志青.基于重复控制技术的数字式逆变电源的研究.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2003
[31]Zhang Hui,Liu Ping,Zhang Lai,et al,Three-phase SPWM inverter system based on fuzzy control,IEEE PIEMC'00,2000:1150-1154
[32]Hsu Feng-Yih,Fu Li-Chen,Adaptive fuzzy control for uninterruptible power supply with three-phase PWM inverter,IEEE Fuzzy Systems Symposium,1996:188-193
[33]Osterholtz H.,Simple fuzzy control of a PWM inverter for a UPS system,IEE INTELEC'95,1995:565-570
[34]Sun Xiao,Chow M.H.L.,Leung F.H.E,Analogue implementation of a neural network controller for UPS inverter applications,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002,17(3): 305-313.
[35]Pinto J.O.P.,Bose B.K.,Da Silva L.E.B.,A neural-nelwork-based space-vector PWM controller for voltage-fed inverter induction motor drive,IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1628-1636.
[36]Trzynadlowski A.M.,Legowski S.,Application of neural networks to the optimal control of three-phase voltage-controlled inverters,IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(4):397-404
[37]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子交流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999.1-5
[38]林渭助.现代电力电子电路.杭州:大学出版社,2002
[39]胡寿松.自动控制原理.国防工业出版社,2001
[40]陈东华.瞬时值控制逆变器技术研究.南京航空航天大学工学硕士论文.2003
[41]赵青.一种基于单极性SPWM控制的正弦波逆变器的研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2004
[42]张德江.计算机控制系统。北京:机械工业出版社.2007
[43]刘陵顺,尚安利,顾文锦.SPWM逆变器死区效应的研究.电机与控制学报2001第5卷第4期
[44]李剑,康勇,陈坚.单相SPWM逆变器的死区效应分析和补偿策略.电气传动2003第1期
[45]王立华.DSP系统硬件设计时需注意的几个问题.微型机与应用.2005年第7期24-25